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Spring 3和JUnit 4（自动装配）

分类: 技术问答 • 2022-09-22 13:36:47
问题描述：

我是Spring MVC和JUnit的新手。基本上我想自动装载服务类，这个类应该在春天的环境中加载。Spring 3和JUnit 4（自动装配）

服务

 

    @Service 
    public class FundService { 
     @Autowired 
     FundDAO fundDAO; 

     /** 
     * @return 
     */ 
     public List getFundDetails(String productId) { 

      return fundDAO.getFundDetails(productId); 
     } 
    }

应用上下文

<beans> 

    <mvc:annotation-driven /> 

    <context:component-scan base-package="com.test.*" /> 
</beans>

JUnit类

 

    @RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) 
    @ContextConfiguration(locations={"classpath*:/WEB-INF/application-context.xml"}) 
    public class CompensationServiceTest { 

     @Autowired 
     private FundService fundService; 

     @Test 
     public void verifyGetCompensationList() 
     { 
      System.out.println(fundService == null); 
     } 
    }

在执行我得到以下异常跟踪测试

 

    org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'com.test.admin.service.CompensationServiceTest': Injection of autowired dependencies failed; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Could not autowire field: private com.test.admin.service.FundService com.test.admin.service.CompensationServiceTest.fundService; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No matching bean of type [com.test.admin.service.FundService] found for dependency: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate for this dependency. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)} 
     at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessPropertyValues(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:286) 
     at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.populateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1064) 
     at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.autowireBeanProperties(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:374) 
     at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.injectDependencies(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:110) 
     at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.prepareTestInstance(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:75) 
     at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.prepareTestInstance(TestContextManager.java:333) 
     at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.createTest(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:220) 
     at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner$1.runReflectiveCall(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:301) 
     at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:15) 
     at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.methodBlock(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:303) 
     at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:240) 
     at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:49) 
     at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:193) 
     at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:52) 
     at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:191) 
     at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:42) 
     at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:184) 
     at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.java:61) 
     at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.java:70) 
     at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:236) 
     at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:180) 
     at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestReference.run(JUnit4TestReference.java:49) 
     at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:38) 
     at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:467) 
     at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:683) 
     at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:390) 
     at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:197) 
    Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Could not autowire field: private com.test.admin.service.FundService com.test.admin.service.CompensationServiceTest.fundService; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No matching bean of type [com.test.admin.service.FundService] found for dependency: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate for this dependency. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)} 
     at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:507) 
     at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.InjectionMetadata.inject(InjectionMetadata.java:84) 
     at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessPropertyValues(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:283) 
     ... 26 more 
    Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No matching bean of type [com.test.admin.service.FundService] found for dependency: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate for this dependency. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)} 
     at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.raiseNoSuchBeanDefinitionException(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:903) 
     at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.doResolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:772) 
     at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.resolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:686) 
     at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:478) 
     ... 28 more

答

首先，WEB-INF文件夹不应该在类路径中;它应该在项目的文件系统中。因此，如果您使用Maven项目结构，该文件夹将相对于您的项目的根目录（即，src/main/webapp/WEB-INF）。在这种情况下，你会想声明该文件夹中的XML配置文件这样的文件系统资源：

@ContextConfiguration("file:src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/application-context.xml")

其次，如果这是一个测试配置文件，你不应该将它存储WEB-INF下。相反，您应该将其存储在类路径中。继Maven项目结构，这将是src/test/resources/application-context.xml，在这种情况下，你可以使用下面的声明在您的测试：

@ContextConfiguration("/application-context.xml")

或

@ContextConfiguration("classpath:application-context.xml")

......无论你喜欢，但请注意它们是相同的。

的问候和感谢，

山姆

答

您必须使用“@Component”注释来限定Service类，以便在组件扫描期间选取它，对吗？

+0

@Service也可以做同样的事情。就像组件一样，它也是立体声类型之一。 – Ritesh 2012-08-17 09:44:27

答

你能后，你做你的bean配置的代码。这里的问题在于Spring试图找到一个具体的类来连线

@Autowired 
private FundService fundService;

您需要指定Spring应该在您的配置中注入的bean。例如，你可以这样说：

<beans> 

    <mvc:annotation-driven /> 
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.test.*" /> 

    <!-- Assuming FundServiceImpl is a class that implement FundService --> 
    <bean id="fundService" class="com.test.admin.service.FundServiceImpl"/> 
</beans>

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