【电信学】【2015.08】物联网中的软件体系架构风格
本文为荷兰拉德堡德大学（作者：Evertson Croes）的硕士论文，共172页。
物联网（IoT）是一个模糊的术语；这个概念有不同的定义，从具有传感器和执行器的任何系统到物理对象的单个互连网络。尽管存在歧义，但已经有针对“物联网”作为单一类型系统提出的参考体系架构。本文的研究表明，“物联网”这个术语没有提供足够的信息来支持软件体系架构。这是通过深入研究文献中描述的IoT以及当前市场上存在的应用程序类型来完成的，并使用软件体系架构风格的概念来展示IoT中不同区域需要不同的风格。
软件体系架构风格是一组已证明在适当的上下文中能够带来质量属性好处的设计决策，并且被认为是软件系统设计体系架构的第一步。然而，在本研究过程中，已经清楚的是，术语物联网不足以提供对软件体系架构风格的影响判断。为此，本文将物联网中的解决方案分为多类。结果是，对于某类的一个子集，存在明显的最优风格；对于不同的类别，需要根据更多上下文信息的不同（具体应用场景）进行选择。
本文的分析提供了在选择软件体系架构风格时与IoT相关的重要因素，这些因素可以作为未来IoT项目和参考体系架构的基础。本文的结论是：“物联网”这个术语不应该作为软件体系架构的基础。即使对于作为IoT子集的不同类别，也存在对不同风格的具体需求。
The Internet of Things (IoT) is an ambiguous term. There are differentdefinitions for the concept, ranging from any system that has sensors andactuators to a single interconnected network of physical objects. Despite thisambiguity, there are reference architectures proposed for the \Internet ofThings" as a single type of system. This thesis shows that this term doesnot provide enough information to base a software architecture on. This isaccomplished by taking an in-depth look at the IoT described in literature aswell as the types of applications that exist on the market today and using theconcept of software architectural styles to show how different areas in the IoTwill need varying styles. Software architectural styles are a labeled set ofdesign decisions that have proven to elicit quality attribute benefits giventhe right context and are considered to be the first step in designing anarchitecture for a software system. However, during the course of this researchit has become clear that the term Internet of Things is not enough to provide averdict for the effects of software architectural styles. For this reason, thisthesis proceeded to classify solutions in the Internet of Things into multipleclasses. The results are that for a subset of the classes there is a clear\best" style, however for remaining classes there are still differentchoices where more context information is needed. The analysis itself providesa list of important IoT related factors when choosing a software architecturalstyle, which can be used as a basis for future IoT projects and referencearchitectures. However the conclusion of this thesis is that the term \Internetof Things" should not be used as a basis for software architecture. Thiswas proven by showing that even for the different classes, which are subsets ofthe IoT, there are needs for different styles.
1 引言
2 物联网
3 质量属性
4 物联网解决方案分类
5 物联网软件体系架构风格
6 结论
附录A IoT定义列表
附录B IoT解决方案分析
附录C 软件体系架构风格
附录D 软件体系架构评估方法
附录E 小组讨论
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