1.微服务与微服务架构

微服务
   强调的是服务的大小，它关注的是某一个点，是具体解决某一个问题/提供落地对应服务的一个服务应用,
狭意的看,可以看作Eclipse里面的一个个微服务工程/或者Module。

微服务架构

  微服务架构是⼀种架构模式，它提倡将单⼀应⽤程序划分成⼀组⼩的服务，服务之间互相协调、互相配合，为⽤户提供最终价值。每个服务运⾏在其独⽴的进程中，服务与服务间采⽤轻量级的通信机制互相协作（通常是基于HTTP协议的RESTful API）。每个服务都围绕着具体业务进⾏构建，并且能够被独⽴的部署到⽣产环境、类⽣产环境等。另外，应当尽量避免统⼀的、集中式的服务管理机制，对具体的⼀个服务⽽⾔，应根据业务上下⽂，选择合适的语⾔、⼯具对其进⾏构建。

 

2.使用spring cloud搭建微服务

      通过idea创建微服务。

     一个Project带着多个Module子模块

         包括：

             microservicecloud-api：封装的整体Entity/接口/公共配置等

             microservicecloud-provider-dept-8001：微服务落地的服务提供者

            microservicecloud-consumer-dept-80：微服务调用的客户端使用

  步骤：

          1.首先创建maven工程cloud-parent，Packageing是pom模式,主要是定义POM文件，将后续各个子模块公用的jar包等统一提出来，类似一个抽象父类

         pom文件：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

  <groupId>com.el.cloud</groupId>
  <packaging>pom</packaging>
  <modules>
    <module>cloud-api</module>
  </modules>
  <artifactId>cloud-parent</artifactId>
  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

  <name>cloud-parent</name>
  <!-- FIXME change it to the project's website -->
  <url>http://www.example.com</url>

  <properties>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
    <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
    <junit.version>4.12</junit.version>
    <log4j.version>1.2.17</log4j.version>
    <lombok.version>1.16.18</lombok.version>
  </properties>

  <dependencyManagement>
    <dependencies>
      <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
        <version>Dalston.SR1</version>
        <type>pom</type>
        <scope>import</scope>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
        <version>1.5.9.RELEASE</version>
        <type>pom</type>
        <scope>import</scope>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
        <groupId>mysql</groupId>
        <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
        <version>5.0.4</version>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
        <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
        <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
        <version>1.0.31</version>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
        <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        <version>1.3.0</version>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
        <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
        <artifactId>logback-core</artifactId>
        <version>1.2.3</version>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
        <groupId>junit</groupId>
        <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
        <version>${junit.version}</version>
        <scope>test</scope>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
        <groupId>log4j</groupId>
        <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
        <version>${log4j.version}</version>
      </dependency>
    </dependencies>
  </dependencyManagement>

</project>

   2.新建cloud-api 

   pom文件

    

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>cloud-parent</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.el.cloud</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.el.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>cloud-api</artifactId>

    <name>cloud-api</name>
    <!-- FIXME change it to the project's website -->
    <url>http://www.example.com</url>


    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

</project>

创建完成后请回到父工程查看pom文件变化

   

新建部门Entity且配合lombok使用

  

package com.el.cloud.entity;

import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
import lombok.experimental.Accessors;

import java.io.Serializable;

/**
 * @Auther: roman.zhang
 * @Date: 2019/3/18 22:13
 * @Version:V1.0
 * @Description:Dept
 */
@SuppressWarnings("serial")
@NoArgsConstructor
@Data
@Accessors(chain=true)
public class Dept implements Serializable {
    private Long  deptno;   //主键
    private String  dname;   //部门名称
    private String  db_source;//来自那个数据库，因为微服务架构可以一个服务对应一个数据库，同一个信息被存储到不同数据库
    public Dept(String dname)
    {
        super();
        this.dname = dname;
    }

}

3.新建服务提供者cloud-provider-8001

  pom文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>cloud-parent</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.el.cloud</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.el.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>cloud-provider-8001</artifactId>

    <name>cloud-provider-8001</name>
    <!-- FIXME change it to the project's website -->
    <url>http://www.example.com</url>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency><!-- 引入自己定义的api通用包，可以使用Dept部门Entity -->
            <groupId>com.el.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>cloud-api</artifactId>
            <version>${project.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
            <artifactId>logback-core</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jetty</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- 修改后立即生效，热部署 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>springloaded</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

</project>

修改项目结构

 

YML文件

    

server:
  port: 8001
  
mybatis:
  config-location: classpath:mybatis/mybatis.cfg.xml        # mybatis配置文件所在路径
  type-aliases-package: com.el.cloud.entities     # 所有Entity别名类所在包
  mapper-locations:
  - classpath:mybatis/mapper/**/*.xml                       # mapper映射文件
    
spring:
   application:
    name: microservicecloud-dept 
   datasource:
    type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource            # 当前数据源操作类型
    driver-class-name: org.gjt.mm.mysql.Driver              # mysql驱动包
    url: jdbc:mysql://192.168.137.131:3306/cloudDB01              # 数据库名称
    username: root
    password: root
    dbcp2:
      min-idle: 5                                           # 数据库连接池的最小维持连接数
      initial-size: 5                                       # 初始化连接数
      max-total: 5                                          # 最大连接数
      max-wait-millis: 200                                  # 等待连接获取的最大超时时间
      
eureka:
      
  instance:
    instance-id: cloud-provider8001
    prefer-ip-address: true     #访问路径可以显示IP地址     
 
info: 
  app.name: cloud-provider
  company.name: www.elitesland.com
  build.artifactId: $project.artifactId$
  build.version: $project.version$

工程src/main/resources目录下新建mybatis文件夹后新建mybatis.cfg.xml文件

 DeptDao部门接口

    

package com.el.cloud.dao;

import com.el.cloud.entity.Dept;

import java.util.List;

/**
 * @Auther: roman.zhang
 * @Date: 2019/3/19 10:45
 * @Version:V1.0
 * @Description:DeptDao
 */
@Mapper
public interface DeptDao {
    boolean addDept(Dept dept);

    Dept findById(Long id);

    List<Dept> findAll();

}

工程src/main/resources/mybatis目录下新建mapper文件夹后再建DeptMapper.xml

 

DeptService部门服务接口

 

package com.el.cloud.service;

import com.el.cloud.entity.Dept;

import java.util.List;

/**
 * @Auther: roman.zhang
 * @Date: 2019/3/19 10:51
 * @Version:V1.0
 * @Description:DeptService
 */
public interface DeptService {
     boolean add(Dept dept);
     Dept    get(Long id);
     List<Dept> list();

}

DeptServiceImpl部门服务接口实现类

   

package com.el.cloud.service.impl;

import com.el.cloud.dao.DeptDao;
import com.el.cloud.entity.Dept;
import com.el.cloud.service.DeptService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import java.util.List;

/**
 * @Auther: roman.zhang
 * @Date: 2019/3/19 10:53
 * @Version:V1.0
 * @Description:DeptServiceImpl
 */
@Service
public class DeptServiceImpl implements DeptService {
    @Autowired
    private DeptDao dao ;


    @Override
    public boolean add(Dept dept) {
        return dao.addDept(dept);
    }

    @Override
    public Dept get(Long id) {
        return dao.findById(id);
    }

    @Override
    public List<Dept> list() {
        return dao.findAll();
    }
}

DeptController部门微服务提供者REST

 

package com.el.cloud.controller;

import com.el.cloud.entity.Dept;
import com.el.cloud.service.DeptService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;

import java.util.List;

/**
 * @Auther: roman.zhang
 * @Date: 2019/3/19 10:55
 * @Version:V1.0
 * @Description:DeptController
 */
@RestController
public class DeptController {
    @Autowired
    private DeptService service;

    @RequestMapping(value="/dept/add",method= RequestMethod.POST)
    public boolean add(@RequestBody Dept dept)
    {
        return service.add(dept);
    }

    @RequestMapping(value="/dept/get/{id}",method=RequestMethod.GET)
    public Dept get(@PathVariable("id") Long id)
    {
        return service.get(id);
    }

    @RequestMapping(value="/dept/list",method=RequestMethod.GET)
    public List<Dept> list()
    {
        return service.list();
    }




}

DeptProvider8001_App主启动类DeptProvider8001_App

   

package com.el.cloud;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

/**
 * Hello world!
 *
 */
@SpringBootApplication
public class DeptProvider8001_App
{
    public static void main( String[] args )
    {
        SpringApplication.run(DeptProvider8001_App.class,args);
    }
}

测试

     

3.创建服务消费者

   新建cloud-consumer-80

   pom文件：

 

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>cloud-parent</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.el.cloud</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.el.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>cloud-consumer-80</artifactId>

    <name>cloud-consumer-80</name>
    <!-- FIXME change it to the project's website -->
    <url>http://www.example.com</url>

    <description>部门微服务消费者</description>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency><!-- 自己定义的api -->
            <groupId>com.el.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>cloud-api</artifactId>
            <version>${project.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- 修改后立即生效，热部署 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>springloaded</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
        </dependency>

    </dependencies>
</project>

yml文件：

server:
  port: 80

在com.el.cloud.configure下创建一个ConfigBean类：

 

package com.el.cloud.configure;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

/**
 * @Auther: roman.zhang
 * @Date: 2019/3/19 13:59
 * @Version:V1.0
 * @Description:ConfigBean
 */
@Configuration

public class ConfigBean {

    @Bean
    public RestTemplate getRestTemplate(){
        return new RestTemplate();
    }

}

RestTemplate提供了多种便捷访问远程Http服务的方法， 是一种简单便捷的访问restful服务模板类，是Spring提供的用于访问Rest服务的客户端模板工具集。

创建消费者controller

 

package com.el.consumer.cloud.controller;

import com.el.consumer.cloud.entities.Dept;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

import java.util.List;

/**
 * @Auther: roman.zhang
 * @Date: 2019/3/19 14:02
 * @Version:V1.0
 * @Description:DeptController_Consumer
 */
@RestController
public class DeptController_Consumer {
    private static final String REST_URL_PREFIX = "http://localhost:8001";

    @Autowired
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;

    @RequestMapping(value = "/consumer/dept/add")
    public boolean add(Dept dept){
        return restTemplate.postForObject(REST_URL_PREFIX+"/dept/add",dept,boolean.class);
    }

    @RequestMapping(value="/consumer/dept/get/{id}")
    public Dept get(@PathVariable("id") Long id){
        return restTemplate.getForObject(REST_URL_PREFIX+"/dept/get/"+id,Dept.class);
    }

    @RequestMapping(value="/consumer/dept/list")
    public List<Dept> list(){
        return restTemplate.getForObject(REST_URL_PREFIX+"/dept/list", List.class);
    }
}

测试：

   

 

这样一个简单的微服务架构就是实现了。

项目源码：微服务架构源码