Windows下的Objective-C集成开发环境(IDE)的搭建 (二)
Windows下的Objective-C集成开发环境(IDE)的搭建 (二)
继上一步Windows下的Objective-C集成开发环境(IDE)的搭建 (一)配置运行命令行程序后,今天来讲解一下如何使用
codeblocks配置开发使用cocoa framework开发GUI程序。
#include "AppController.h"
#include <AppKit/AppKit.h>
int main(int argc, const char *argv[])
{
NSAutoreleasePool *pool;
AppController *delegate;
pool = [[NSAutoreleasePool alloc] init];
delegate = [[AppController alloc] init];
[NSApplication sharedApplication];
[NSApp setDelegate: delegate];
RELEASE(pool);
return NSApplicationMain (argc, argv);
}
我们使用一个helloworld开始旅程。
这个helloworld程序共有五个文件:main.m、AppController.h、AppController.m、helloworldInfo.plist和GNUmakefile。图形界面的设计全部在代码中。
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第一步:使用codeblocks新建一个c的console程序。这里命名该工程名为gui,如图所示:
- 添加一个main.c文件,将下面的代码拷贝并覆盖main.c中内容#include "AppController.h"
-
#include <AppKit/AppKit.h> int main(int argc, const char *argv[]) { NSAutoreleasePool *pool; AppController *delegate; pool = [[NSAutoreleasePool alloc] init]; delegate = [[AppController alloc] init]; [NSApplication sharedApplication]; [NSApp setDelegate: delegate]; RELEASE(pool); return NSApplicationMain (argc, argv); }
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- 添加一个AppController.h 头文件,内容如下:
#ifndef _AppController_H_
#define _AppController_H_ #include <Foundation/NSObject.h> @class NSWindow; @class NSTextField; @class NSNotification; @interface AppController : NSObject { NSWindow *window; NSTextField *label; } - (void)applicationWillFinishLaunching:(NSNotification *) not; - (void)applicationDidFinishLaunching:(NSNotification *) not; @end #endif /* _AppController_H_ */
- 实现一个AppController.h的AppController.m文件#include "AppController.h"
#include <AppKit/AppKit.h> @implementation AppController - (void) applicationWillFinishLaunching: (NSNotification *) not { /* Create Menu */ NSMenu *menu; NSMenu *info; menu = [NSMenu new]; [menu addItemWithTitle: @"Info" action: NULL keyEquivalent: @""]; [menu addItemWithTitle: @"Hide" action: @selector(hide:) keyEquivalent: @"h"]; [menu addItemWithTitle: @"Quit" action: @selector(terminate:) keyEquivalent: @"q"]; info = [NSMenu new]; [info addItemWithTitle: @"Info Panel..." action: @selector(orderFrontStandardInfoPanel:) keyEquivalent: @""]; [info addItemWithTitle: @"Preferences" action: NULL keyEquivalent: @""]; [info addItemWithTitle: @"Help" action: @selector (orderFrontHelpPanel:) keyEquivalent: @"?"]; [menu setSubmenu: info forItem: [menu itemWithTitle:@"Info"]]; RELEASE(info); [NSApp setMainMenu:menu]; RELEASE(menu); /* Create Window */ window = [[NSWindow alloc] initWithContentRect: NSMakeRect(300, 300, 200, 100) styleMask: (NSTitledWindowMask | NSMiniaturizableWindowMask | NSResizableWindowMask) backing: NSBackingStoreBuffered defer: YES]; [window setTitle: @"Hello World"]; /* Create Label */ label = [[NSTextField alloc] initWithFrame: NSMakeRect(30, 30, 80, 30)]; [label setSelectable: NO]; [label setBezeled: NO]; [label setDrawsBackground: NO]; [label setStringValue: @"Hello World"]; [[window contentView] addSubview: label]; RELEASE(label); } - (void) applicationDidFinishLaunching: (NSNotification *) not { [window makeKeyAndOrderFront: self]; } - (void) dealloc { RELEASE(window); [super dealloc]; } @end
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接下来是配置gui.plist文件:
{
ApplicationDescription = "Hello World Tutorial"; ApplicationIcon = ""; ApplicationName = HelloWorld; ApplicationRelease = 0.1; Authors = ""; Copyright = "Copyright (C) 200x by ..."; CopyrightDescription = "Released under..."; FullVersionID = 0.1; URL = ""; }
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最后是比较重要的GNUmakefile:
GNUSTEP_MAKEFILES=D:/GNUstep/GNUstep/System/Library/Makefiles include $(GNUSTEP_MAKEFILES)/common.make APP_NAME = GUI $(APP_NAME)_HEADERS = AppController.h $(APP_NAME)_OBJC_FILES = main.m AppController.m $(APP_NAME)_RESOURCE_FILES = guiInfo.plist include $(GNUSTEP_MAKEFILES)/application.make
- 上述步骤中比较关键的是GNUmakefile的编写,其中GNUSTEP_MAKEFILES是我指定的GNUStep的安装目录的makefiles目录,APP_NAME是配置app名称,headers是header文件,如果存在多个.h文件,可以指定为*.h,OBJC_FILES为指定.h实现文件,如果有多个可以指定为*.m, RESOURCE_FILES为整个工程的属性配置文件。整个工程的截图如下:
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第二步:配置codeblocks,进入Settings->Compiler and Debugger->Gobal compiler setting选项卡中点击“copy”按钮,并将该compiler命令为GNU Compiler Cocoa(可以随意指定),如图:
- 选择Toolchain executables ,设置compiler's installation directory 为你安装GUNStep的目录,我但前目录为D:\GNUstep,然后配置c compiler ,c++ compiler 等可执行文件,注意这个文件在D:\GNUstep\bin目录下,如图:
- 注意下图所示的红色区域,一定要选择正确的make可执行文件,在GNUstep\msys\1.0\bin目录下,笔者的目录为D:\GNUstep\msys\1.0\bin\make.exe,配置正确之后,点击OK
- 右键点击工程“gui”,选择“properties”,在"project setting"中勾选”this is a custom Makefile"复选框,Makefile的名称必须为GNUmakefile, "Execution Directory"选择工程所在文件目录。如图所示
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右键点击工程“gui”,选择“build options”,在debug分支中选择上一步配置好的compiler,即“ GNU Compiler Cocoa",然后在下方的"Make" commands中配置下面的选项,如下所示:
- 上述步骤完成之后,Antr+F11重新编译工程,如果没有问题的话,会有如下输出:
-
-------------- Clean: Debug in gui ---------------
Cleaned "gui - Debug" -------------- Build: Debug in gui --------------- Using makefile: GNUmakefile This is gnustep-make 2.6.1. Type 'make.exe print-gnustep-make-help' for help. Making all for app GUI... Copying resources into the app wrapper... Process terminated with status 0 (0 minutes, 1 seconds) 0 errors, 0 warnings
- 编译过程中可能出现以下错误:Compile-Error Windows : native-objc-exceptions does not match that of gnustep-base,解决办法如下,将 D:\GNUstep\GNUstep\System\Library\Headers\GNUstepBase\GSConfig.h :中BASE_NATIVE_OBJC_EXCEPTIONS 定义的值改为1即可。
- 至此,我们已经可以在codeblocks中编译基于cocoa框架的应用,但是编译出来的文件在目录APP_NAME.app文件夹中,如何才能让编译的文件在bin\Debug目录中呢?打开GNUmakefile可以得知,该文件导入了两个系统提供的make文件,一个是common.make,另外一个是application.make文件,找到application.make文件,该文件在笔者的文件路径为D:\GNUstep\GNUstep\System\Library\Makefiles\Instance\application.make,打开该文件,修改APP_DIR_NAME的值为 $(GNUSTEP_BUILD_DIR)/bin/Debug,APP_DIR的值为$(GNUSTEP_BUILD_DIR)/bin/Debug 即可,这样就可以实现
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在codeblocks中编译运行。效果如图