Dynamic Programming

Compare to Greedy and Divide_and_conquer

Greedy.
Build up a solution incrementally, myopically optimizing some local criterion.

Divide-and-conquer.
Break up a problem into sub-problem into sub-problems, solve each sub-problem independently, and combine solutions to sub-problems to form solution to original problem.

Dynamic programming.
Break up a problem into a series of overlapping sub-problems, and build up solutions to larger and larger sub-problem.

Dynamic programming hallmark

Optimal substructure
An optimal solution to a problem(instance) contains optimal solutions to subpreoblems.

Overlapping subproblems
A recursive solution contains a “small” number of distinct subproblems repeated many times.

Example:Weighted Interval Scheduling

Memoization是常常和动态规划搭配使用的解决重复计算问题的放法，其原理是自底向上计算值，并储存起来，需要用到的时候直接取存储的值，而不是像递归那样重新计算。