spring context源码解析之@Async
背景
大家项目中用到异步、多线程的场景很多,使用最多的场景还是主动对象模式,就是主线程开启一个线程池去任务分发,任务执行完成之后,关闭线程池,但是有的场景则需要部分代码异步执行的效果,简单的说就是有一个可以复用的线程池可以复用,直接new Thread当然也可以,不推荐,没有线程池的可靠性好,如果这个时候再创建一个线程池用完再关闭代码是不是有点重,维护性也不好,@Async这个注解就是为了解决这个问题,只需要在bean的方法上加上这和注解即可,就可以实现异步。
2正文
先简单介绍下怎么使用
1、先在程序上加上@EnableAsync这个注解,可以指定执行器,如果不指定就从beanFactory中获取taskExecutor这个执行器
@Async(value = "executor")
public void test(){
2、如果想自定义执行器,实现这个接口org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.AsyncConfigurer或者继承org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.AsyncConfigurerSupport这个类
public class AsyncExecutor implements AsyncConfigurer {
@Override
public Executor getAsyncExecutor() {
// 自定义线程池
return Executors.newFixedThreadPool(Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors());
}
源码实现
@EnableAsync这个注解做什么了什么事情
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Import(AsyncConfigurationSelector.class)
public @interface EnableAsync {
可以看到@Import引入了AsyncConfigurationSelector这个类,前面介绍spring ioc源码解析的时候这个@Import这个注解会把引入的类进行bean定义解析后注册到beanFactory而后进行实例化。
我们看到这个selector又继承了这个类
public class AsyncConfigurationSelector extends AdviceModeImportSelector<EnableAsync> {
spring切面拦截到这个注解后进行下一步操作。
org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.AsyncConfigurationSelector#selectImports
有两种通知模式实现。
我们可以看到@EnableAsync这个注解中是可以指定mode属性的,如果不指定默认设置是PROXY
AdviceMode mode() default AdviceMode.PROXY;
我们这里有以PROXY为例跟踪下。
会加载到这个类
org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.ProxyAsyncConfiguration
@Configuration
@Role(BeanDefinition.ROLE_INFRASTRUCTURE)
public class ProxyAsyncConfiguration extends AbstractAsyncConfiguration {
@Bean(name = TaskManagementConfigUtils.ASYNC_ANNOTATION_PROCESSOR_BEAN_NAME)
@Role(BeanDefinition.ROLE_INFRASTRUCTURE)
public AsyncAnnotationBeanPostProcessor asyncAdvisor() {
Assert.notNull(this.enableAsync, "@EnableAsync annotation metadata was not injected");
// 创建AsyncAnnotationBeanPostProcessor,BeanPostProcessor 前面spring ioc源码解析部分介绍过是对bean初始化过程的管理
AsyncAnnotationBeanPostProcessor bpp = new AsyncAnnotationBeanPostProcessor();
Class<? extends Annotation> customAsyncAnnotation = this.enableAsync.getClass("annotation");
if (customAsyncAnnotation != AnnotationUtils.getDefaultValue(EnableAsync.class, "annotation")) {
bpp.setAsyncAnnotationType(customAsyncAnnotation);
}
// 对线程池执行器进行赋值
if (this.executor != null) {
bpp.setExecutor(this.executor);
}
if (this.exceptionHandler != null) {
bpp.setExceptionHandler(this.exceptionHandler);
}
// 这里默认是jdk的动态代理,可以@EnableAsync这个注解的属性值,也可以指定
bpp.setProxyTargetClass(this.enableAsync.getBoolean("proxyTargetClass"));
bpp.setOrder(this.enableAsync.<Integer>getNumber("order"));
return bpp;
}
}
进入
org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.AbstractAsyncConfiguration
@Autowired(required = false)
void setConfigurers(Collection<AsyncConfigurer> configurers) {
if (CollectionUtils.isEmpty(configurers)) {
return;
}
if (configurers.size() > 1) {
throw new IllegalStateException("Only one AsyncConfigurer may exist");
}
AsyncConfigurer configurer = configurers.iterator().next();
// 获取线程池
this.executor = configurer.getAsyncExecutor();
this.exceptionHandler = configurer.getAsyncUncaughtExceptionHandler();
}
这个方法对线程进行赋值。
我们可以看到这个接口org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.AsyncConfigurer的唯一实现类org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.AsyncConfigurerSupport
public class AsyncConfigurerSupport implements AsyncConfigurer {
@Override
public Executor getAsyncExecutor() {
return null;
}
@Override
@Nullable
public AsyncUncaughtExceptionHandler getAsyncUncaughtExceptionHandler() {
return null;
}
}
是一个空实现,多以想要自定义自己的线程池,实现这个接口org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.AsyncConfigurer或者继承org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.AsyncConfigurerSupport重写父类的方法。
异步方法返回值支持void、java.util.concurrent.Future、org.springframework.util.concurrent.ListenableFuture、java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture
进入
org.springframework.aop.interceptor.AsyncExecutionInterceptor
找到
org.springframework.aop.interceptor.AsyncExecutionInterceptor#invoke这个方法,执行目标方法的切面方法
@Override
@Nullable
public Object invoke(final MethodInvocation invocation) throws Throwable {
Class<?> targetClass = (invocation.getThis() != null ? AopUtils.getTargetClass(invocation.getThis()) : null);
// 获取要执行的方法
Method specificMethod = ClassUtils.getMostSpecificMethod(invocation.getMethod(), targetClass);
final Method userDeclaredMethod = BridgeMethodResolver.findBridgedMethod(specificMethod);
// 获取执行器
AsyncTaskExecutor executor = determineAsyncExecutor(userDeclaredMethod);
if (executor == null) {
throw new IllegalStateException(
"No executor specified and no default executor set on AsyncExecutionInterceptor either");
}
Callable<Object> task = () -> {
try {
Object result = invocation.proceed();
if (result instanceof Future) {
return ((Future<?>) result).get();
}
}
catch (ExecutionException ex) {
handleError(ex.getCause(), userDeclaredMethod, invocation.getArguments());
}
catch (Throwable ex) {
handleError(ex, userDeclaredMethod, invocation.getArguments());
}
return null;
};
return doSubmit(task, executor, invocation.getMethod().getReturnType());
}
进入
org.springframework.aop.interceptor.AsyncExecutionAspectSupport#determineAsyncExecutor
@Nullable
protected AsyncTaskExecutor determineAsyncExecutor(Method method) {
// 先从缓存中获取执行器
AsyncTaskExecutor executor = this.executors.get(method);
if (executor == null) {
Executor targetExecutor;
// 从@Async注解中指定的属性值获取执行器
String qualifier = getExecutorQualifier(method);
if (StringUtils.hasLength(qualifier)) {
targetExecutor = findQualifiedExecutor(this.beanFactory, qualifier);
}
else {
targetExecutor = this.defaultExecutor;
if (targetExecutor == null) {
synchronized (this.executors) {
if (this.defaultExecutor == null) {
// 从beanFactory中获取taskExecutor执行器
this.defaultExecutor = getDefaultExecutor(this.beanFactory);
}
targetExecutor = this.defaultExecutor;
}
}
}
if (targetExecutor == null) {
return null;
}
executor = (targetExecutor instanceof AsyncListenableTaskExecutor ?
(AsyncListenableTaskExecutor) targetExecutor : new TaskExecutorAdapter(targetExecutor));
// 放入缓存
this.executors.put(method, executor);
}
return executor;
}
如果@Async指定了执行器,就会使用这个执行器,如果没有指定就从beanFactory中获取taskExecutor这个执行器。
转自 https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/wIyUsU7ANm-P42IProuE1w