佳能镜头与相机的通信协议_如何为佳能或尼康相机找到兼容的镜头

佳能镜头与相机的通信协议

Buying lenses for your camera isn’t always simple. The two major manufacturers, Canon and Nikon, both have different options depending on whether you’re getting a lens for a full-frame or crop sensor camera. Even if you’ve got a Canon camera, you can’t be sure that any Canon lens will work.

为相机购买镜头并不总是那么简单。 佳能和尼康这两个主要制造商都有不同的选择，具体取决于您要使用的是全画幅相机还是作物传感器相机的镜头 。 即使您拥有佳能相机，也无法确定任何佳能镜头都可以使用。

Third parties, like Sigma and Tamron, make things even more confusing. They also make lenses that come with a choice of mount. You can get a Sigma 24-105 for either Canon or Nikon cameras.

像Sigma和Tamron这样的第三方使事情变得更加混乱。 他们还制造带有可选安装座的镜头。 您可以购买适用于佳能或尼康相机的Sigma 24-105。

Let’s break things down a bit and look at what mounts Canon and Nikon are currently using for their cameras and lenses.

让我们分解一下，看看佳能和尼康目前在其相机和镜头上使用的安装座。

佳能：EF，EF-S，EF-M (Canon: EF, EF-S, EF-M)

Canon cameras use one of three lens mounts: the standard EF mount and then two derivatives, the EF-S mount and EF-M mount.

佳能相机使用三种镜头卡口之一：标准EF镜头卡口，然后使用两种衍生产品：EF-S镜头卡口和EF-M镜头卡口。

The EF mount was introduced by Canon in 1987. It’s what’s used by their modern full-frame cameras like the 5D Mark IV and the 6D Mark II. Every EF lens has an autofocus motor build into it—the EF stands for Electro-Focus. You can’t buy non-autofocus EF lenses from Canon, but third party manufacturers do make manual focus lenses that fit the EF mount. If a lens is listed as for Canon cameras without specifying further, it’s almost certainly an EF lens.

EF卡口由佳能于1987年推出。这就是他们的现代全画幅相机(如5D Mark IV和6D Mark II)所使用的 。 每个EF镜头都内置有自动对焦马达-EF代表电子对焦。 您不能从佳能公司购买非自动对焦EF镜头，但是第三方制造商的确会制造适合EF支架的手动对焦镜头。 如果列出的镜头与佳能相机一样，但没有进一步说明，则几乎可以肯定是EF镜头。

The EF-S mount is used by Canon’s crop-sensor cameras such as the 7D Mark II, 80D and 1300D. Since the sensor is smaller, the lenses can also be smaller and lighter. An EF-S lens will not work on an EF mount camera, however the reverse is not true—EF lenses work perfectly with EF-S mount cameras.

EF-S卡口用于佳能的7D Mark II ， 80D和1300D作物传感器相机。 由于传感器更小，因此镜头也可以更小，更轻。 EF-S镜头无法在EF固定镜头上使用，但是事实并非如此-EF镜头可以完美地与EF-S固定镜头一起使用。

The EF-M mount was created for Canon’s mirrorless cameras such as the M100. EF-M lenses will only work on EF-M cameras. EF and EF-S lenses can be used with an adapter.

EF-M卡口是为佳能的无反光镜相机(例如M100)创建的 。 EF-M镜头仅适用于EF-M相机。 EF和EF-S镜头可与适配器一起使用。

尼康：FX和DX (Nikon: FX and DX)

Unlike Canon, Nikon only has one lens mount: the F-mount, which was introduced in 1959. There are, however, still a few complications.

与佳能不同，尼康只有一个镜头卡口：1959年问世的F卡口。但是，仍然有一些复杂之处。

Nikon has two sensor sizes: the FX full-frame sensor, used in cameras like the D810, and the DX APS-C sensor, used in cameras like the D500. There are lenses available for each that use the F-mount.

尼康有两种尺寸的传感器：用于D810等相机的FX全画幅传感器和用于D500等相机的DX APS-C传感器。 每个使用F卡口的镜头都可用。

The DX sensor is smaller, so lenses designed just for it don’t need to project as big an image. A DX lens will still fit on any F-mount camera, however, they won’t be able to fully use the larger sensor. Modern Nikon FX DSLRs will automatically crop out the empty image space if they detect you’re using a DX lens, but you will be left with a lower resolution, and potentially lower quality, image.

DX传感器更小，因此专门为它设计的镜头不需要投射大图像。 DX镜头仍可以安装在任何F卡口相机上，但是它们将无法完全使用较大的传感器。 如果现代Nikon FX DSLR检测到您使用的是DX镜头，它们会自动裁剪出空白的图像空间，但是您会得到较低的分辨率和质量可能较低的图像。

FX lenses are designed to work with the larger FX sensor. They also use the F-mount so you can use them with your DX cameras as well.

FX镜头旨在与较大的FX传感器配合使用。 它们还使用F卡口，因此您也可以将它们与DX摄像机一起使用。

Nikon also has a mirrorless mount: the Nikon 1 mount. Nikon 1 lenses can only be used with Nikon 1 cameras, although F-mount lenses can be used with an adapter.

尼康还具有无反光镜安装架：尼康1安装架。 尽管F卡口镜头可以与适配器一起使用，但Nikon 1镜头只能与Nikon 1相机一起使用。

Any third-party lens designed for Nikon cameras will use the F-mount, though some might be designed just for DX cameras.

为尼康相机设计的任何第三方镜头都将使用F卡口，尽管有些镜头可能仅为DX相机设计。

Before you get too complacent and think you can use any Nikon lens on any camera, there’s another wrinkle. Unlike Canon cameras, where every lens has an autofocus motor, some Nikon lenses, like this 50mm f/1.8, don’t. Instead, they use an autofocus motor that’s built into high end Nikon DSLRs. Confusingly, these lenses are called AF lenses.

在您变得过于自满之前，认为您可以在任何相机上使用任何尼康镜头之前，还会有皱纹。 与佳能相机不同，佳能相机的每个镜头都有一个自动对焦马达，而某些尼康镜头(例如50mm f / 1.8 )则没有。 相反，他们使用内置在高端尼康数码单反相机中的自动对焦马达。 令人困惑的是，这些镜头称为AF镜头。

At the moment, the only Nikon cameras without an autofocus motor are the D5600, D5500, D5300, D5200, D5100, D5000, D3400, D3300, D3200, D3100, D3000, D60, D40X and D40. These are all entry-level DX models. You can still use AF lenses on them, however you will need to manually focus them.

目前，仅有的没有自动对焦马达的尼康相机是D5600，D5500，D5300，D5200，D5100，D5000，D3400，D3300，D3200，D3100，D3000，D60，D40X和D40。 这些都是入门级DX模型。 您仍然可以在其上使用自动对焦镜头，但是您需要手动对其进行对焦。

Lenses with an autofocus motor build in are called either AF-S or AF-P, depending on the kind of motor they have. These can be used on any Nikon DSLR and will always have autofocus.

内置有自动对焦马达的镜头称为AF-S或AF-P，这取决于它们具有的马达类型。 这些可以在任何尼康数码单反相机上使用，并且始终具有自动对焦功能。

Camera and lens standards have changed and developed as new technologies have evolved. Camera gear, however, can last along time. Most lenses from the 90s will work on modern Canon cameras and some lenses from the 70s will work on Nikon cameras. Just make sure they’ve got a compatible mount.

随着新技术的发展，相机和镜头标准已经改变和发展。 但是，相机齿轮会随时间推移持续使用。 90年代的大多数镜头都可以在现代佳能相机上使用，而70年代的某些镜头可以在尼康相机上使用。 只要确保它们具有兼容的安装座即可。

Image Credits: A. Savin/Wikipedia, Bernie/Wikipedia.

图片来源： A. Savin / Wikipedia ， Bernie / Wikipedia 。

翻译自: https://www.howtogeek.com/324832/how-to-find-compatible-lenses-for-your-canon-or-nikon-camera/

佳能镜头与相机的通信协议