英语的基本语法
英语的五种基本句式
一 :S + V(主+谓)
The universe remains //宇宙长存
二 :S + L.v + p (主 + 系动词 + 表语)
The food is delicious //这个食物真好吃
三 :S + V + O (主 + 谓 + 宾语)
He took his bay and left //他拿着书包离开了
四 :S+V+L.o+D.o(主+谓+间接宾语+直接)
Her father bought her a dictionary //她父亲给她买了一本词典
五 : S+V+O+C(主+动+宾+补语)
We made him our monitor //我们选他当班长
be 动词的形式和用法
be; is; am; are; was; were; being; been
is; am; are //一般现在时(is单数;am第一人称;are复数)
was; were //过去时态 (was 单数;were 复数)
being //现在be动词(正在)
been //过去be动词(已经发生)
列
一 :The man is back;//他回来了
二 :They are back;//他们回来了
//他们是复数,所以用到 are
三 :He was back;//他已经回来了
//单数用到 was
四 :The were back;//他们已经回来了
五 :They have been back;
用法
联系–>名词,形容词,地点,副词。或者短语作补足语
一 :The man is a teacher; //他是一名老师
二 :Mary’s new dresses are colorful; //玛丽有一条新的五颜六色的裙子
三 :My mother was in the kitchen; //我的妈妈在厨房
be动词的否定/提问/问答
在am, is, are, was, 后面加 not
缩写成,amnot, isn’t, aren’t, wasn’t, weren’t
一 :The man isn’t back;
二 :I am not back; //第一人称 am
三 :They aren’t back; //复数 are (他们没有回来)
四 :He wasn’t back; //was 单数的,表示已经发生了
五 :They weren’t back; //
be动词提问
把be动词放句首
一 :Is he a teacher?
yes,he is/no,he,isn’t
二 :Are you a teacher?
三 :Were they teacher?
be动词提问练习
一 :他是医生吗?(doctor)
Is he a doctor?
二 :他们昨天在教室吗?(yesterday,classroom)
Were they in the classroom yesterday?
三 :他们昨天不在教室。
They weren’t in the classroom yesterday.
代词的主格和宾格
代词:代替人和事物的词
主格代词(放在句子的最前面)
I, he, she, it, you, we, they;
宾格代词(放在句子中)
me, him, her, it, you, us, them
名词/形容词性物主代词
形容词性物主代词
单数形式:my, your, his/her/its, one’s
复数形式:our, your, their
一 :This is my books; //这是我的书
二 :We love our motherland; //我们爱我们的祖国
(后面带名词)
名词性物主代词
单数形式:mine, yours, his/hers, its, one’s
复数形式:ours, yours, theirs(他们的)
(不能加名词)
一:The book is ours;(这本书是我们的)
二:The apple is hers;(这苹果是她的)
My teacher is Chinese
This computer is theirs(这台电脑是他们的)
反身代词
myself //我自己
yourself //你自己
herself //她自己
himself //他自己
itself //它自己
ourselves //我们自己
ourself
herself
themselves
反身代词的用法
一 :please help yourself to some fish; //请随便吃点鱼
二 :We enjoyed ourselves last night; //昨晚我们玩得很开心
三 :The thing itself is not important; //这件事本身不重要
实意动词的特征:
有时态的变化,数量的变化
come, read, go, watch, play, fly
一:He come from shanghai;
二:She is reading story books; // 她正在读故事书
三:They went to America yesterday; //他们昨天去了美国
四:We have watched the game for there times; //我们已经看了三场比赛了
五:My mother will fly back to china next mother; //我妈妈下个月将乘飞机回中国
1:他昨天来上海了
He come to shanghai yesterday;
2: 我们正在写作业
We are writing homework;
3: 他们已经读这本书已经读三遍了
They have read book this there times;
实意动词的否定/提问
在助动词 do, does, did后面需要加not
do not / don’t (非第三人称)
does not / doesn’t
did not / didn’t
一:I don’t go to school by bus; //我不坐公共汽车去学校
二:she doesn’t watch TV everyday; //她不是每天看电视
助动词提问
一:He often plays golf; //他经常打高尔夫(He 单数 play+s)
Does he He often play golf?
二:They go to school by bus; //他们坐公共汽车去学校
Do they go to school by bus?
三:Sam had breakfast yesterday; //sam 昨天吃了早餐
Did Sam have breakfast yesterday;
使用疑问词进行提问和问答
when; //什么时候
where; //哪
who; //谁
what; //什么
how; //怎么
how long; //多长
how far; //多远
how often; //多长时间一次
why; //什么时候
一:He bought three books yesterday;
1:He–>who;//谁昨天买了三本书
2:three books --> what; //他昨天买了什么
3:yesterday --> when; //他什么时候买了三本书