Windows 7家庭组和XP样式网络之间有何区别？
Windows 7 rocks a new method of file and print sharing that’s a departure from the frustrating file and print sharing found in earlier versions of Windows. What is it and how can you benefit from it? Read on as we explain.
Windows 7采用了一种新的文件和打印共享方法，与Windows早期版本中令人沮丧的文件和打印共享有所不同。 这是什么？您如何从中受益？ 阅读我们解释的内容。
HomeGroups are a new edition to the Windows ecosystem as of Windows 7. They’re intended to (and succeed at) greatly reducing the frustration experienced by users who want to easily share files between computers as well as share printers with the entire network. Let’s take a look at the state of home networking and how it has evolved.
HomeGroups是Windows 7以来Windows生态系统的新版本。它们旨在(并成功地)大大减少了希望轻松在计算机之间共享文件以及与整个网络共享打印机的用户所遭受的挫败感。 让我们看一下家庭网络的状态及其发展情况。
Windows文件和打印共享的微观历史 (A Micro History of Windows File and Print Sharing)
Windows 7 marked a pretty radical from a variety of outdated methods, including how network file and print sharing is handled. If you ever had the displeasure of setting up file and print sharing on an Windows XP network you were essentially building a sharing scheme built atop the same—albeit modified and updated—framework that had existed for the task since the 1980s.
Windows 7从各种过时的方法中标记出了一个非常激进的方法，包括如何处理网络文件和打印共享。 如果您不愿意在Windows XP网络上设置文件和打印共享，则实际上是在建立一种共享方案，该方案建立在自1980年代以来就已经存在的相同框架(尽管已修改和更新)上。
NetBIOS, a local area network communication API, was introduced in 1983 by IBM and an implementation of it was created by Microsoft in 1985. Although time-tested the API wasn’t without some frustrating shortcomings, including a tendency for computers on the network to get out of sync (one machine might see all four computers and the printer on the network, another might see three computers and no printer) and the sort of obtuseness in practical application that made it much better suited for a commercial environment with an IT staff than for a fluid home environment maintained by users which may have no particular computer expertise. From 1985 until the introduction of Windows 7 the Windows file sharing methodology was built upon this decades old framework.
NetBIOS是一种局域网通信API，由IBM于1983年提出，由Microsoft在1985年创建了它的实现。尽管经过时间考验的API仍存在一些令人沮丧的缺点，包括网络上的计算机倾向于变得不同步(一台机器可能看到网络上的所有四台计算机和打印机，另一台机器可能看到三台计算机并且没有打印机)，并且由于在实际应用中的呆板性，使其更适合于拥有IT员工的商业环境而不是由没有特殊计算机专业知识的用户维护的流畅的家庭环境。 从1985年直到Windows 7的引入，Windows文件共享方法都建立在这个已有数十年历史的框架上。
The new method of sharing doesn’t abandon everything about the old Windows networking methods, however. The NetBIOS underpinnings have been removed and replaced with a new peer-to-peer style networking tool called Peer-to-Peer Graphing. This new Peer-to-Peer method makes it easy for all the computers in the HomeGroup to stay in sync with each other. The mechanism for actually sharing files has stayed the same just with some revisions and polishing; Server Message Block (SMB) file sharing runs much smoother on the new Peer-to-Peer system.
但是，新的共享方法并没有放弃有关旧Windows网络方法的所有内容。 NetBIOS的基础已被删除，并被新的对等样式网络工具Peer-to-Peer Graphing取代。 这种新的点对点方法使HomeGroup中的所有计算机都可以轻松保持彼此同步。 实际共享文件的机制只是经过一些修改和完善而保持不变。 服务器消息块 (SMB)文件共享在新的对等系统上运行更加流畅。
In addition to restructuring the underpinnings of the sharing system the shift to Windows 7 HomeGroups also ditches the frustrating aspects of managing your network. Unlike in Windows XP, where the choices for file sharing were limited to simple sharing (easy to set up but insecure) or permissions-based sharing (a pain to configure and manage but secure), Windows 7 HomeGroups allows you to easily link computers together with nothing more than a share password. What do you need to make it work and what does it mean for you? Let’s take a look.
除了重组共享系统的基础之外，向Windows 7 HomeGroups的转移还消除了管理网络令人沮丧的方面。 与Windows XP中文件共享的选择仅限于简单共享(易于设置但不安全)或基于权限的共享(配置和管理但很安全)不同，Windows 7 HomeGroups使您可以轻松地将计算机链接在一起除了共享密码而已。 您需要什么才能使其正常工作，这对您意味着什么？ 让我们来看看。
这对您意味着什么； Windows家庭组的实际应用 (What This Means for You; Windows HomeGroups in Action)
The Windows HomeGroup system is designed to make it easy for you to nearly instantly add a computer to your network and start sharing files and printers without having to muck around with extensive permissions or otherwise moonlight as a sys admin in your own house. You no longer need matching workgroups, extensive permission configuration, or any of the other things that made configuring a home network a hassle under earlier versions of Windows. Here the requirements of the HomeGroup system:
Windows HomeGroup系统的设计使您可以轻松地几乎立即将计算机添加到网络中，并开始共享文件和打印机，而不必在您自己家里以系统管理员的身份获得广泛的许可或以其他方式获得管理权。 您不再需要匹配的工作组，广泛的权限配置或任何其他使Windows早期版本下配置家庭网络变得麻烦的事情。 这里是HomeGroup系统的要求：
- At least one computer running Windows 7 Premium of above—lower versions of Windows 7 can join HomeGroups they just can’t create them. 至少有一台运行上述Windows 7 Premium的计算机-较低版本的Windows 7可以加入他们无法创建的家庭组。
- Your home network needs to be set as “Home” in the Network and Sharing Center. 您的家庭网络需要在“网络和共享中心”中设置为“家庭”。
That’s it! One computer starts the HomeGroup, the others join it, and boom, you’re networked. It’s so simple that if a friend visits your house and wants to join your HomeGroup to temporarily share files with you all he has to do is flag your local network as a home network and join with the password you give him. No swapping of workgroups, no tinkering with folder and file permissions, just nearly-instant sharing. The screenshot below was taken just moments after I added a netbook to my HomeGroup; it took little more than 20 seconds, most of which was spent double checking the password to save the hassle of retyping it.
而已！ 一台计算机启动HomeGroup，其他计算机加入它，然后连接到网络即可。 如此简单，如果朋友拜访您的房子并想加入您的家庭组与您临时共享文件，他要做的就是将您的本地网络标记为家庭网络，并使用您提供给他的密码加入。 无需交换工作组，无需修改文件夹和文件权限，只需进行即时共享即可。 在我将一本上网本添加到HomeGroup之后不久，下面的截图就已经拍摄了。 花费了不到20秒的时间，其中大部分时间都花在了仔细检查密码上，以免重新输入密码。
So what are the limitations of the HomeGroup? If you’re running and all Windows 7 household they’re not too severe. If you’re not, you’ll end up with a patch work of sharing methods.
那么家庭组的局限性是什么？ 如果您正在运行并且所有Windows 7家庭版都不太严重。 如果不是这样，最终将导致共享方法的修补工作。
- The HomeGroup system is Windows 7 only. Earlier versions of Windows are completely locked out from participating in it because of it’s radical departure from the previous structure of Windows files sharing. This, unfortunately, includes Windows Home Server (WHS 2011 will resolve the incompatibility). HomeGroup系统仅Windows 7。 Windows的早期版本与Windows文件共享的先前结构完全不同，因此完全无法参与其中。 不幸的是，这包括Windows Home Server(WHS 2011将解决该不兼容问题)。
- It’s an all-or-nothing system. Folders are either accessible to the whole HomeGroup or not accessible. You can’t specify that a folder is accessible only to your wife’s computer but not your son’s. 这是一个全有或全无的系统。 整个家庭组都可以访问文件夹，或者不可以访问文件夹。 您不能指定文件夹只能由您妻子的计算机访问，而不能由您儿子的计算机访问。
- You can only have one HomeGroup per network. You can’t overcome the permission issue by making, for example, a Grownups and Kids HomeGroup or sub-group for house guests. 每个网络只能有一个HomeGroup。 您无法通过创建例如“成年家庭和儿童之家”小组或子小组来解决房客的许可问题。
Although those are fairly significant limitations if you’re trying to privately share a folder within your home, the limits only apply to the HomeGroup. They didn’t rip the other networking tools right out of Windows. You can, if you need to, set up a regular SMB share with the old permissions system in parallel to the HomeGroup. Thus you could have a HomeGroup that shares nearly everything in the open except for content you only want to share with a specific computer or person in the house—that content could be kept in a folder shared with traditional Windows networking methods. In contrast with the huge hassle that maintaining a home network was prior to the arrival of HomeGroup it’s a very small concession to make.
尽管如果您试图私下共享家中的文件夹，这些限制是相当重要的限制，但这些限制仅适用于HomeGroup。 他们没有从Windows中直接删除其他网络工具。 如果需要，可以与HomeGroup并行使用旧的权限系统设置常规SMB共享。 因此，您可以拥有一个HomeGroup，它几乎可以共享所有内容，只是您只想与特定计算机或家里的人共享的内容除外，这些内容可以保存在与传统Windows网络方法共享的文件夹中。 与在HomeGroup到来之前维护家庭网络这一巨大麻烦相比，这是一个很小的让步。
Windows 7 HomeGroup入门 (Getting Started with Windows 7 HomeGroup)
Windows 7 HomeGroup is an excellent choice for users who want speedy and flexible simple file and printer sharing without having to dabble about with the arcane aspects of configuring folder and user permissions (but without taking away more advanced tricks for those times you need them). HomeGroups are an excellent networking solution for people who are uninterested in learning the nuances of configuring traditional user-oriented permission-based systems or who simply need a nearly instant network for simple and secure file sharing.
对于希望快速，灵活地进行简单的文件和打印机共享的用户，而又不必涉猎配置文件夹和用户权限的奥秘方面(但又不用花很多时间在所需的高级技巧上)的用户，Windows 7 HomeGroup是一个绝佳选择。 对于那些对配置传统的，面向用户的基于权限的系统的细微差别不感兴趣的人，或者仅需要近乎即时的网络来进行简单而安全的文件共享的人，HomeGroups是一个出色的网络解决方案。
Interested in getting your HomeGroup up and running right now? We’ve written several helpful guides to getting started with and managing your Windows 7 HomeGroups.
有兴趣让您的HomeGroup立即启动并运行吗？ 我们已经编写了一些有用的指南来开始和管理Windows 7 HomeGroup。
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Learning Windows 7: Create a HomeGroup & Join a New Computer To It
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Use the HomeGroup Feature in Windows 7 to Share Printers and Files
Have a good experience to share about using the Windows HomeGroup? Opted to go back to traditional and more time-intensive networking techniques? Taking it for a spin today? Let’s hear about it in the comments. Have an idea for our next How-To Geek Explains post? Send us an email at [email protected] and we’ll see what we can do!
有分享使用Windows HomeGroup的良好经验吗？ 选择返回传统且耗时更多的网络技术？ 今天试一下吗？ 让我们在评论中听到它。 对我们的下一个How-To Geek Explains帖子有一个想法吗？ 给我们发送电子邮件至[email protected] ，我们将看到我们能做什么！