从开发人员到产品经理：三阶段计划
Product managers, also known as PMs or “mini-CEOs”, are the people in charge of strategically guiding a product through its life cycle. They are driven to maximize the ROI of a product by managing the development team and serving as the collective voice of the customer. If you’re interested in a dynamic career involving technology, business, and user design, product management might be for you – especially if you have a development background.
产品经理，也称为PM或“迷你CEO”，是负责在产品生命周期中进行战略性指导的人员。 通过管理开发团队并充当客户的集体声音，他们被驱动以最大化产品的ROI。 如果您对涉及技术，业务和用户设计的动态职业感兴趣，那么产品管理可能适合您-特别是如果您具有开发背景。
It’s certainly not uncommon for developers or other employees serving in technical roles to eventually transition to product management. Some developers may find they enjoy managing the product road map and solving customers’ problems rather than writing code and building the product themselves. Other seasoned engineers may be searching for a suitable career transition into a management position.
对于开发人员或其他担任技术职务的员工来说，最终过渡到产品管理当然并不罕见。 一些开发人员可能会发现他们喜欢管理产品路线图和解决客户的问题，而不是自己编写代码和构建产品。 其他经验丰富的工程师可能正在寻找合适的职业过渡到管理职位。
If you’re interested in moving to product management in the future, here are three critical steps to make the transition.
如果您对将来转向产品管理感兴趣，请执行以下三个关键步骤。
1.确定您是否适合产品管理 (1. Decide Whether You’re Right for Product Management)
You’ll find there are very few formally trained product managers out there in the world. Instead, many of them have moved into the role after previous careers as developers, marketing managers, business analysts, and salespeople.
您会发现世界上很少有经过正式培训的产品经理。 取而代之的是，他们中的许多人已经在以前的职业生涯中担任过开发人员，市场经理，业务分析师和销售人员的角色。
Of these, developers usually have several qualities that help them thrive as product managers, primarily:
其中，开发人员通常具有多种素质，可以帮助他们成长为产品经理，主要是：
- Strong problem solving abilities. 强大的解决问题能力。
- Experience with product development and working with the development team. 具有产品开发经验，并与开发团队合作。
- Exemplary analytical skills 典范的分析能力
However, not all developers are suited to a product management role. Before setting down the product management path, be sure to ask yourself these questions.
但是，并非所有开发人员都适合担任产品管理职务。 在设置产品管理路径之前，请务必问自己以下问题。
我可以理解并同情客户吗？ (Can I understand and empathize with customers?)
Customers are the most important part of any business and the main responsibility of any product manager is to understand their problems and needs. Not all developers are able to put themselves in the customer’s mindset to identify current frustrations and foresee future problems. Furthermore, you’re responsible for serving as the bold voice of the customer within the workplace. You have to be willing to remind and educate everyone about the customer’s most pressing issues at all times.
客户是任何业务中最重要的部分，任何产品经理的主要职责是了解他们的问题和需求。 并非所有的开发人员都能够将自己的思想放在客户的心中，以发现当前的挫败感并预见未来的问题。 此外，您有责任在工作场所中充当客户的大胆声音。 您必须随时提醒和教育所有人有关客户最紧迫的问题。
我可以与多个团队互动和交流吗？ (Can I interact and communicate with multiple teams?)
Product managers coordinate and interact with almost every team inside a business. They must be able to present plans and goals to management, coordinate the announcement of new development features with marketing, receive customer feedback from customer support, and converse with customers themselves. As a product manager, you need to be able to speak different languages when conversing with different groups. A talk with the development team about daily and weekly goals can require a different terminology than a demonstration of a recently developed product feature with the sales team.
产品经理几乎与企业内的每个团队进行协调并互动。 他们必须能够向管理人员提出计划和目标，协调与市场开发有关的新开发功能的发布，接收来自客户支持的客户反馈，并与客户本身进行交流。 作为产品经理，与不同的小组交谈时，您需要能够说不同的语言。 与开发团队就每日和每周目标进行的讨论可能需要与销售团队演示最近开发的产品功能不同的术语。
我是一个强大的经理吗？ (Am I a strong manager?)
Product managers are not only responsible for not only overseeing the product, but they also serve as the supervisor of the development team. As a leader, you must be confident in your abilities to delegate efficiently, help team members, and motivate others. You’re the decision maker of the team, responsible for prioritizing and ensuring the development team is always working on the highest-value items for the business. Certain decisions may be small, while others can affect the product roadmap for the next 3 to 6 months. Sometimes the decisions are well-planned and well-researched, and sometimes they are gut decisions you have to make on the fly.
产品经理不仅负责监督产品，而且还担任开发团队的主管。 作为领导者，您必须对自己有效地委派，帮助团队成员和激励他人的能力充满信心。 您是团队的决策者，负责确定优先级并确保开发团队始终致力于为企业创造最高价值的项目。 某些决定可能很小，而其他决定可能会影响未来3到6个月的产品路线图。 有时，这些决策需要经过精心计划和精心研究，而有时它们却是您必须即时做出的明智决策。
In many instances, you’ll have to be more than just a leader, you’ll have to be a visionary. You’ll have to gather feedback, research your market, and use every ounce of your creativity to envision and produce the perfect product for your customers. Your vision has to be clear and compelling to every single member of your organization.
在许多情况下，您不仅需要成为领导者，还必须是有远见的人。 您将需要收集反馈，研究市场并利用自己的创造力为客户设想并生产出完美的产品。 您的愿景必须清晰并吸引组织中的每个成员。
You need to be confident, focused, optimistic, committed, inspirational, and empathetic and honest. A lack of any one of these qualities can impair your ability to perform the multiples roles of product manager.
您需要自信，专注，乐观，承诺，鼓舞，善解人意和诚实。 如果缺少这些素质中的任何一项，都会削弱您执行产品经理多重角色的能力。
2.扩展您的产品管理知识 (2. Expand Your Knowledge of Product Management)
If you believe you have the skills and aptitude to succeed and thrive as a product manager, the next step is to make sure you have a sufficient domain knowledge and a strong understanding of basic product management topics and tools. Lack of customer knowledge and lackluster marketing skills are both critical areas most developers have to improve before entering the field of product management.
如果您相信自己具备作为产品经理的成功和成长所需要的技能和能力，那么下一步就是确保您具有足够的领域知识，并对基本的产品管理主题和工具有深刻的理解。 缺乏客户知识和缺乏营销技巧都是大多数开发人员在进入产品管理领域之前必须改进的关键领域。
学习基本的营销概念和技巧 (Study Basic Marketing Concepts and Techniques)
As a developer you should already have a strong understanding of software development and the creation of the product. But most developers aren’t as knowledgeable about the marketing aspects of a product management. Depending on the position of your product within the product management life cycle, you should be familiar with marketing strategy including:
作为开发人员，您应该已经对软件开发和产品创建有深刻的了解。 但是，大多数开发人员对产品管理的营销方面的了解并不多。 根据产品在产品管理生命周期中的位置，您应该熟悉营销策略，包括：
- Brand management 品牌管理
- Market research & consumer behavior 市场研究与消费者行为
- Market segmentation & positioning 市场细分和定位
Understanding these concepts will help you pinpoint customers’ needs and tailor your product to meet them. Though market research and segmentation is mainly done in the early phase of the product life cycle, brand management is relevant at almost every stage. Once you master these critical marketing concepts, you’ll also be able to effectively collaborate with the marketing manager to plan marketing efforts for the business.
了解这些概念将帮助您查明客户的需求并定制产品以满足他们的需求。 尽管市场研究和细分主要是在产品生命周期的早期阶段进行的，但品牌管理几乎在每个阶段都是相关的。 掌握了这些关键的营销概念之后，您还可以与营销经理有效地协作，以计划业务的营销工作。
了解有关客户的一切 (Learn Everything About the Customer )
Additionally, most developers have little interaction with a company’s customers. This is a critical problem for potential PMs, because as a product manager you need to be the foremost expert on both the product and the customer! Though many potential PMs aren’t experienced in all aspects of the product management, they are able to successfully transition into the role because they have years or even decades of experience in a specific industry and know absolutely everything about the customer.
此外，大多数开发人员与公司客户之间的互动很少。 对于潜在的PM来说，这是一个关键问题，因为作为产品经理，您需要成为产品和客户方面的首要专家！ 尽管许多潜在的PM并非在产品管理的各个方面都经验丰富，但他们能够成功地过渡到该角色，因为他们在特定行业拥有数年甚至数十年的经验，并且绝对了解客户的一切。
The importance of domain knowledge for a product manager cannot be emphasized enough. Read any industry publications, articles, and newsletters to make sure you know your customer inside and out. You need to know who your customers are, what they think, how they operate, what they are struggling with, and – most importantly – how to solve their problems.
领域知识对于产品经理的重要性不能被足够强调。 阅读任何行业出版物，文章和新闻通讯，以确保您了解内部和外部的客户。 您需要知道您的客户是谁，他们的想法，他们的运作方式，所遇到的困难以及-最重要的是-如何解决他们的问题。
更多学习方式 (More Ways to Learn)
Here is a list of tasks you can complete to further refine and expand your knowledge of product management.
这是您可以完成以进一步完善和扩展产品管理知识的任务列表。
浏览产品管理网站和博客 (Browse Product Management Websites and Blogs)
Mind the Product is a community of product managers from all across the globe. Through the site you can search for nearly product management meetups, browse articles from experienced and senior product management professionals, watch videos and lectures about important PM topics, and even examine openings through the job board.
介意产品是来自全球各地的产品经理社区。 通过该网站，您可以搜索近乎产品管理的聚会，浏览经验丰富的高级产品管理专业人员的文章，观看有关重要PM主题的视频和讲座，甚至可以通过工作委员会检查职位空缺。
Authored by Dr. Jim Anderson who has more than two decades of experience in product management, The Accidental Product Manager blog for is a great resource for learning how to build, market, and manage products in the global economy. Though some posts may be suitable for more experienced product managers, it still contains tons of relevant info for aspiring PMs.
由拥有超过二十年产品管理经验的Jim Anderson博士撰写的The Accidental Product Manager博客是学习如何在全球经济中构建，营销和管理产品的绝佳资源。 尽管有些职位可能适合经验更丰富的产品经理，但仍然包含大量有抱负的PM的相关信息。
参加会议 (Attend a Conference )
ProductCamps, held in major cities every few weeks, are “unconferences” driven by enthusiastic PMs to discuss the latest tips, techniques, practices for developing and managing the perfect product! Everyone participates and – best of all – it’s free.
每两周在主要城市举行的ProductCamp是“非正式会议”，由热情的PM推动，讨论开发和管理完美产品的最新技巧，技术和做法！ 每个人都可以参加，而且最重要的是，它是免费的。
导师或专业网络小组 (Mentor or Professional Networking Group)
If you live in or near a big city, you should be able to find and meet with a local or regional association or group of product managers. Some of the largest regional product manager associations include the Silicon Valley Product Management Association and the Boston Product Manager Association. Other popular associations include the Product Development & Management Association and the 280 Group.
如果您居住在大城市中或附近，则应该能够找到并与当地或区域协会或产品经理小组会面。 一些最大的区域产品经理协会包括硅谷产品管理协会和波士顿产品经理协会。 其他受欢迎的协会包括产品开发和管理协会和280集团 。
阅读有关产品管理的书 (Read a Book about Product Management )
The Product Manager’s Desk Reference comprehensively covers almost every aspect of a product manager’s job through its nearly 800 pages. While serving as a reference guide for senior product managers, it offers a wealth of information for newcomers about everything from analyzing the financial performance of your products to utilizing storytelling to motivate team members.
产品经理的案头参考通过其近800页的内容全面涵盖了产品经理工作的几乎每个方面。 在用作高级产品经理的参考指南的同时，它为新手提供了大量信息，包括从分析产品的财务绩效到利用讲故事来激励团队成员的一切。
Though almost a decade old, Crossing the Chasm, has remained a relevant guide for effective marketing in the always changing high tech industry. It suggests marketers should tailor strategies to complement a single group in the technology adoption life cycle while gradually transitioning to and positioning the product to meet the needs of the next group in the cycle. It’s especially relevant for developers who lack experience with marketing.
尽管跨越十年，《 穿越鸿沟》仍然是在瞬息万变的高科技行业中有效营销的重要指南。 它建议营销人员应制定策略，以在技术采用生命周期中补充单个群体，同时逐步过渡到产品并定位产品，以满足该周期中下一组的需求。 对于缺乏营销经验的开发人员而言，这尤其重要。
3.采取行动！ (3. Take Action!)
After you’ve learned a little more about the different aspects of product management and decided whether you have the skills and abilities to succeed, use your newfound knowledge to determine whether you’d enjoy the role and life of a product manager.
在对产品管理的各个方面有所了解并确定您是否具有成功的技能和能力后，请使用新发现的知识来确定您是否喜欢产品经理的角色和生活。
Source: Aha!
资料来源：啊哈！
将产品经理心态应用于您的工作 (Apply the Product Manager Mindset to Your Job )
It doesn’t matter if you’re currently an intern, developer, or marketing manager, try to tackle problems and projects with the product manager mindset. Whether you are building out a resource library or improving or reworking documentation, think of every little project as a product manager. What is the problem? Who is the customer? How can I solve the problem?
无论您当前是实习生，开发人员还是市场经理，都可以尝试以产品经理的心态解决问题和项目。 无论您是构建资源库还是改善或重新编写文档，都应将每个小项目都视为产品经理。 问题是什么？ 谁是客户？ 我该如何解决这个问题？
By applying the product management mindset to your daily tasks, you’ll have a better understanding of how product managers approach problems and gradually engineer solutions to efficiently solve them.
通过将产品管理思维方式应用于日常任务，您将更好地了解产品经理如何处理问题并逐步设计解决方案以有效地解决问题。
参加创业周末 (Participate in a Startup Weekend)
Startup Weekends are exciting events that allow you to assume the role of a product manager for a short time period in a small and friendly environment! Startup Weekends provide opportunities for marketers, developers, and designers to meet, collaborate, and validate exciting ideas! They are hosted by major cities throughout the world and only cost about $100.
Startup Weekend是令人兴奋的事件，使您可以在一个小巧友好的环境中在短时间内担任产品经理的角色！ Startup Weekends为营销人员，开发人员和设计师提供了聚会，合作和验证令人兴奋的想法的机会！ 它们由世界各地的主要城市主办，仅售100美元左右。
Startup Weekends are perfect opportunities because they give aspiring product managers to experience every aspect of the role. Through the 54 hour period, you’ll brainstorm solutions, interview customers, and communicate with other team members to create a minimum viable product.
Startup Weekends是绝佳的机会，因为它们使有抱负的产品经理可以体验角色的各个方面。 在这54个小时内，您将集思广益解决方案，采访客户并与其他团队成员进行交流以创建最低限度的可行产品。
At the end of the weekend, every team presents their ideas to a panel of judges. The winning teams are awarded prizes that range from networking opportunities to discounted legal and incorporation services.
在周末结束时，每个团队都会向评审团展示他们的想法。 获胜的团队将获得奖项，其范围从交流机会到打折的法律和公司服务。
By the end, you should have a better understanding of the life of a product manager. You should also have had the chance to talk and learn from other experienced product managers and build your network.
最后，您应该对产品经理的生活有更好的了解。 您还应该有机会与其他经验丰富的产品经理交谈和学习，并建立您的网络。
结论 (Conclusion )
Many developers are able to successfully transition into product management because of their excellent problem-solving skills and extensive experience with the development team. But product management is not for everyone. Product managers must be knowledgeable customer advocates, bold visionaries, and decisive leaders within the workplace.
由于他们出色的解决问题的能力以及在开发团队中的丰富经验，许多开发人员能够成功过渡到产品管理。 但是产品管理并不适合所有人。 产品经理必须是工作场所内知识渊博的客户拥护者，大胆的远见卓识和决定性的*。
By learning current marketing techniques, intimately understanding the customer and product, and taking advantage of other PM resources, developers can position themselves for a smooth transition into one of the most exciting and rewarding careers today.
通过学习当前的营销技术，深入了解客户和产品，并利用其他PM资源，开发人员可以将自己定位为顺利过渡到当今最激动人心和最有意义的职业之一。
I created this guide with the assistance of Abby Miles, the Product Manager at OpenSesame. Abby Miles has a decade of experience in the software and online training industry and previously worked as a product manager at BlueVolt.
我在OpenSesame产品经理Abby Miles的帮助下创建了本指南。 Abby Miles在软件和在线培训行业拥有十年的经验，之前曾在BlueVolt担任产品经理。
翻译自: https://www.sitepoint.com/developer-product-manager-3-stage-plan/