yum源配置

我这里使用的centos7操作系统。 下载地址是:https://www.centos.org/download/

yum仓库的创建可以参考: http://www.cnblogs.com/zhaojiedi1992/p/zhaojiedi_linux_037_yumrepo.html

yum源配置大致流程如下:

1 添加光盘

将安装光盘(我用的是CentOS-7-x86_64-Everything-1511.iso), 添加到vmware的光盘项中去。如下图

yum源配置

注意 :选择了安装包后,确保上面的那个设备状态的2个复选框是勾选中的。

2 挂载光盘

执行下面命令

[[email protected] ~]# mkdir /mnt/cdrom               #创建一个目录
[[email protected] ~]# mount -r /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom    #挂载光盘到指定的目录
[[email protected] ~]# tail -n 1 /etc/mtab >>/etc/fstab   #挂载信息写入到配置文件中去,开机自动挂载

3 添加repo文件

[[email protected] /] cd /etc/yum.repos.d/  #进入yum配置目录
[[email protected] yum.repos.d]# ls      #查看目录下已有的配置项
CentOS-Base.repo  CentOS-Debuginfo.repo  CentOS-Media.repo    CentOS-Vault.repo
CentOS-CR.repo    CentOS-fasttrack.repo  CentOS-Sources.repo
CentOS-Base.repo  CentOS-Debuginfo.repo  CentOS-Media.repo    CentOS-Vault.repo
CentOS-CR.repo    CentOS-fasttrack.repo  CentOS-Sources.repo
[[email protected] yum.repos.d]# mkdir backup  #创建一个备份目录
[[email protected] yum.repos.d]# mv *.* backup  #当前目录的文件移动到备份目录中去
[[email protected] yum.repos.d]# ls        #查看当前目录
backup
[[email protected] yum.repos.d]# cp backup/CentOS-Base.repo localcdrom.repo  #赋值一个repo文件到yum的配置目录中
[[email protected] yum.repos.d]# ls
backup  localcdrom.repo
[[email protected] yum.repos.d]# vi localcdrom.repo   #编辑这个repo文件
[[email protected] yum.repos.d]# cat localcdrom.repo   #检查repo的配置
[localcdrom]
name=localcdrom
baseurl=file:///mnt/cdrom/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

这里说一下repo文件的选项意义:

  • [localcdrom] : 这个是repo的识别号。必须是唯一的。不能有重复的
  • name:repo的名字: 中间可以有空格
  • baseurl: 这个是yum源的地址, ftp:// 是ftp协议, http://是http协议的, ftp://是ftp协议的, 这里配置的file:///mnt/cdrom/就是/mnt/cdrom这个目录就是本地yum的配置地址。确保这个目录有repodata目录。
  • gpgcheck=1 :进行包检测
  • gpgkey: 包检测秘钥路径。支持http,ftp,file三种协议的
  • cost: 代价(默认是2000) 越小优先级越高。

4 清空yum和重新生成缓存

[[email protected] yum.repos.d]# yum clean all  #清空yum 缓存
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Cleaning repos: localcdrom
Cleaning up everything
Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors
[[email protected] yum.repos.d]# yum makecache  #生成yum缓存
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
localcdrom                                                                                            | 3.6 kB  00:00:00     
(1/4): localcdrom/group_gz                                                                            | 155 kB  00:00:00     
(2/4): localcdrom/filelists_db                                                                        | 6.2 MB  00:00:00     
(3/4): localcdrom/primary_db                                                                          | 5.3 MB  00:00:00     
(4/4): localcdrom/other_db                                                                            | 2.3 MB  00:00:00     
Determining fastest mirrors
Metadata Cache Created

5 配置好了。 那就测试一下吧。

[[email protected] yum.repos.d]# yum install lftp    #这里测试一个ftp工具
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package lftp.x86_64 0:4.4.8-7.el7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

=============================================================================================================================
 Package                  Arch                       Version                            Repository                      Size
=============================================================================================================================
Installing:
 lftp                     x86_64                     4.4.8-7.el7                        localcdrom                     750 k

Transaction Summary
=============================================================================================================================
Install  1 Package

Total download size: 750 k
Installed size: 2.4 M
Is this ok [y/d/N]: y            #输入y确认
Downloading packages:
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
  Installing : lftp-4.4.8-7.el7.x86_64                                                                                   1/1 
  Verifying  : lftp-4.4.8-7.el7.x86_64                                                                                   1/1 

Installed:
  lftp.x86_64 0:4.4.8-7.el7                                                                                                  

Complete!

6 提供一些国内一些比较出名的一些yum源地址吧

阿里:http://mirrors.aliyun.com/

网易:http://mirrors.163.com/

搜狐:http://mirrors.sohu.com/

注意: aliyun上面是直接提供了repo文件下载的。我们可以直接下载ali官方提供的repo文件。 不用我们自己编写的,这里我截了两张aliyun的图。

yum源配置

 yum源配置

7 提供我本地的一个配置吧

/etc/yum.repos.d/cdrom.repo

[cdrom]
name=cdrom
baseurl=file:///mnt/cdrom
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

8 重要环境变量

  • $releasever : 红帽的发布版本,如果是centos6的系统,这个变量就是6。
  • $basearch:系统架构,等价于uname -m,这个值x86_64,i686等这些数值。
  • $uuid:机器的唯一数值,这个参数一般不用的。
  • $YUM0 - $YUM9:这个是自定义的环境变量。

注意: 从3.2.28开始,/etc/yum/vars目录下的的任何文件都将变成一个以文件名命名的变量,变量值为文件的内容,如果设置了,会覆盖上面的设置的。如/etc/yum/vars/system的内容为abc,那么system变量的值就是abc。

9 官方的repo文件分析

# CentOS-Base.repo
#
# The mirror system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the
# update status of each mirror to pick mirrors that are updated to and
# geographically close to the client.  You should use this for CentOS updates
# unless you are manually picking other mirrors.
#
# If the mirrorlist= does not work for you, as a fall back you can try the 
# remarked out baseurl= line instead.
#
#
 
[base]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Base - mirrors.aliyun.com
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
        http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=os
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
 
#released updates 
[updates]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Updates - mirrors.aliyun.com
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/
        http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=updates
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
 
#additional packages that may be useful
[extras]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Extras - mirrors.aliyun.com
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/
        http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=extras
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
 
#additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages
[centosplus]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Plus - mirrors.aliyun.com
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/
        http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=centosplus
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
 
#contrib - packages by Centos Users
[contrib]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Contrib - mirrors.aliyun.com
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/contrib/$basearch/
        http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/contrib/$basearch/
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=contrib
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

这个repo样例,主要有base,updates,extras,centosplus,contrib几个片段, 每个片段都很基本,baseurl写了2个,使用了$releasever,$basearch这些内置变量。

 10 epel源安装

EPEL的全称叫Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 。EPEL是由 Fedora 社区打造,为 RHEL 及衍生发行版如 CentOS、Scientific Linux 等提供高质量软件包的项目。装上了 EPEL之后,就相当于添加了一个第三方源。

参考: http://mirrors.aliyun.com/help/epel

 

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/zhaojiedi1992/p/zhaojiedi_linux_002.html