英语学习笔记（二）语法
复习上节课：语法：看不懂长难句，万能公式**一切英文句子：左2右6原则：不分介定形同
- Eg：I have many letters to write.
我有很多信要写。（不推荐）
我有很多要写的信。（直译更好，符合英文的逻辑）
句子结构类型有多少种？
- 无逗号长难句
- 有逗号长难句——悬挂结构
语法：解决有逗号长难句——悬挂结构（出奇制胜之悬挂结构）
- 悬挂结构（X）的表现形式：
- X(短句), SVO(主干)
- SVO(主干),X(短句)
X可以为：（悬挂结构背诵技巧：单词中数量最多的：名词、形容词、动词）
- n. + svo：名词短语悬挂
就近等价
名词与名词：完全等价、同一事物的换种说法
-
The Summer Palace(颐和园), the park is beautiful.
The Summer Palace完全等价the park
紫禁城：the Forbidden City - I like the Great Wall, one of the eight wonders in the world.
- I come from NJ, the capital of Six Dynasties in Chinese City.
- adj+ svo：形容词短语悬挂
逻辑主语是主句主语
-
Mindful of the danger, we stopped climbing.
-
Beautiful as Fan Bingbing, the girl is the most welcomed one in her school.
- to + svo：
逻辑主语是主句主语（目的状语）
- To become beautiful, Vic is losing weight.
- doing + svo：
逻辑主语是
95%：主句主语
5%：前面整个句子
-
He sat under the tree, reading a book.
-
The song is sung all over the country, making it(the song) the most popular song.
逻辑主语不是主句主语，而是前面整个句子。 -
When crossing the bridge, I saw him.
- done + svo：
逻辑主语是主句主语
- Built in 1979, our school is an old school.
- having done + svo：
逻辑主语是主句主语
两个动作呈现一前一后关系
- Having handed in the paper(前), he left the room.（后）
- Having been given a map(先), we found our way easily.（后）
总结
1. 名词短语悬挂：就近等价
2. 其余短语悬挂： 逻辑主语是主句主语或者前面整个句子。
3. 悬挂结构本质：伴随状语（中文：主状谓宾）
4. 英语难在：插入adj和状语变多。
-
I’m Anna, an exchange student from China.(就近原则)
-
All members can have a coffee break at the same time**, leading them to do their work more professionally and feel more pleased with their jobs.**（前面整个句子）
翻译时，前面句子：用这代替。
所有的员工在同一时间可以享受茶歇，这让他们的工作更专业，也让他们对自己的工作更满意。 -
Two people confirmed on Saturday to be infected with bird flu were reported to be in critical condition yesterday , after being tested positive for the deadly H5N1 virus.
(无逗号长难句) 1. 加逗号 2. 读句子突然不通顺，删掉时间地点表达。 3. confirmed是右六原则 4. after being tested positive for the deadly H5N1 virus是悬挂结构。 5. 翻译组织语言不太会怎么办？ 中文不好（中文：时间/地点，主状谓宾），悬挂结构本质：伴随状语。
周六被证实感染禽流感的两个人，昨天经过化验被证实感染致命的H5N1病毒。
英文句子本质：
-
长难句难在：加了adj和状语。
adj：左二右六原则
状语：悬挂结构、状语从句、介词短语、副词。 -
因此，长难句删除adj和状语——剩下主干