随机存取 随机存储

随机存取存储器（RAM） (Random Access Memory(RAM))

In random-access memory(RAM) the memory cells can be accessed for information transfer from any desired random location. That is, the process of locating a word in memory is the same and requires an equal amount of time no matter where the cells are located physically in memory.

在随机存取存储器（RAM）中 ，可以从任何所需的随机位置访问存储单元以进行信息传输。 也就是说，在存储器中定位单词的过程是相同的，并且无论单元在物理上在存储器中位于何处都需要相等的时间。

Communication between a memory and its environment is achieved through data input and output lines, address selection lines, and control lines that specify the direction of transfer.

存储器及其环境之间的通信是通过数据输入和输出线，地址选择线以及指定传输方向的控制线实现的。

A block diagram of a RAM unit is shown below:

RAM单元的框图如下所示：

The n data input lines provide the information to be stored in memory, and the n data output lines supply the information coming out of particular word chosen among the 2^k available inside the memory. The two control inputs specify the direction of transfer desired.

n条数据输入线提供要存储在存储器中的信息， n条数据输出线提供从存储器内部可用的2 ^k中选择的特定字中提取的信息。 两个控制输入指定所需的传输方向。

RAM：读写操作 (RAM: Write and Read Operations)

The two operations that a random access memory can perform are the write and read operations. The write signal specifies a transfer-in operation and the read signal specifies a transfer-out operation. On accepting one of these control signals. The internal circuits inside the memory provide the desired function. The steps that must be taken for the purpose of transferring a new word to be stored into memory are as follows:

随机存取存储器可以执行的两个操作是写入和读取操作。 写信号指定转入操作，读信号指定转出操作。 接受这些控制信号之一。 存储器内部的内部电路提供了所需的功能。 为了将要存储的新单词传输到内存中，必须采取以下步骤：

1. binary address of the desired word into the address lines.二进制地址应用于地址线。
2. data bits that must be stored in memory into the data input lines.数据位应用于数据输入线。
3. write input.写输入。

The memory unit will then take the bits presently available in the input data lines and store them in the specified by the address lines. The steps that must be taken for the purpose of transferring a stored word out of memory are as follows:

然后，存储单元将获取输入数据线中当前可用的位，并将其存储在地址线指定的位中。 为了将存储的单词移出内存，必须采取的步骤如下：

1. binary address of the desired word into the address lines.二进制地址应用于地址线。
2. read input.读取的输入。

The memory unit will then take the bits from the word that has been selected by the address and apply them into the output data lines. The content of the selected word does not change after reading.

然后，存储单元将从地址选择的字中提取位，并将其应用于输出数据线。 阅读后，所选单词的内容不会改变。

翻译自: https://www.studytonight.com/computer-architecture/random-access-memory

随机存取 随机存储