Spring WebSocket 初探
Spring WebSocket API
参考文档：https://docs.spring.io/spring/docs/current/spring-framework-reference/html/websocket.html
1.spring 4.0及以上增加了WebSocket的支持(这里使用4.3.8.RELEASE)
2.spring 支持STOMP协议的WebSocket通信
3.应对不支持 WebSocket 的场景，许多浏览器不支持 WebSocket 协议；SockJS 是 WebSocket 技术的一种模拟。SockJS 会 尽可能对应 WebSocket API，但如果 WebSocket 技术 不可用的话，会从如下 方案中挑选最优可行方案：
XHR streaming XDR streaming iFrame event source iFrame HTML file XHR polling XDR polling iFrame XHR polling JSONP polling
4.WebSocket 是发送和接收消息的 底层API，而SockJS 是在 WebSocket 之上的 API；最后 STOMP（面向消息的简单文本协议）是基于 SockJS 的高级API
5.SockJS 所处理的URL 是 “http:” 或 “https:” 模式
6.WebSocket 所处理的URL 是“ws:” or “wss:” 模式
WebSocket 实现消息功能
web.xml配置修改
<web-app version="3.0"
xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee
http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd"
metadata-complete="true">
DispatcherServlet配置中加入
<servlet>
<servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value></param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
<async-supported>true</async-supported>
</servlet>
pom.xm添加依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-websocket</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-messaging</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
创建一个WebSocketHandler
1.可以扩展 AbstractWebSocketHandler 2.也可以扩展 TextWebSocketHandler（文本 WebSocket 处理器），TextWebSocketHandler 继承 AbstractWebSocketHandler；
public class TestHandler extends TextWebSocketHandler {
private final static Logger LOGGER = Logger.getLogger(TestHandler.class);
//已建立连接的用户
private static final ArrayList<WebSocketSession> users = new ArrayList<WebSocketSession>();;
/**
* 处理前端发送的文本信息
*
* @param session
* @param message
* @throws Exception
*/
@Override
protected void handleTextMessage(WebSocketSession session,
TextMessage message) throws Exception {
// 获取提交过来的消息详情
LOGGER.debug("-------handleMessage" + message.toString());
//回复一条信息，
session.sendMessage(new TextMessage("reply msg:" +message.getPayload()));
}
/**
* 当新连接建立的时候，被调用;
*
* @param session
* @throws Exception
*/
@Override
public void afterConnectionEstablished(WebSocketSession session) throws Exception {
LOGGER.info("Connection Established");
users.add(session);
session.sendMessage(new TextMessage("connect"));
session.sendMessage(new TextMessage("new_msg"));
super.afterConnectionEstablished(session);
}
/**
* 当连接关闭时被调用；
*
* @param session
* @param status
* @throws Exception
*/
@Override
public void afterConnectionClosed(WebSocketSession session, CloseStatus status) throws Exception {
LOGGER.info("Connection closed. Status: " + status);
users.remove(session);
super.afterConnectionClosed(session, status);
}
/**
* 给所有在线用户发送消息
*
* @param message
*/
public void sendMessageToUsers(TextMessage message) {
for (WebSocketSession user : users) {
try {
if (user.isOpen()) {
user.sendMessage(message);
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
/**
* 给某个用户发送消息
*
* @param userName
* @param message
*/
public void sendMessageToUser(String userName, TextMessage message) {
for (WebSocketSession user : users) {
if (user.getAttributes().get(Constants.WEBSOCKET_USERNAME).equals(userName)) {
try {
if (user.isOpen()) {
user.sendMessage(message);
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
break;
}
}
}
}
创建WebSocketConfigurer
@Configuration
@EnableWebSocket
public class WebSocketConfig extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter implements WebSocketConfigurer {
@Override
public void registerWebSocketHandlers(WebSocketHandlerRegistry registry){
// 将 TestHandler 处理器 映射到 /webSocketServer路径下.
registry.addHandler(testHandler(),"/webSocketServer")
.addInterceptors(new WebSocketHandshakeInterceptor());
// 将 SockJS的连接映射到 /webSocketServer/sockjs路径下.
registry.addHandler(testHandler(),"/webSocketServer/sockjs")
.addInterceptors(new WebSocketHandshakeInterceptor())
.withSockJS(); //开启SockJS的支持
//WebSocketHandshakeInterceptor 自定义websocket握手拦截器，在这里可以对用户名进行登记或进行用户分组，以便定向发送消息
}
@Bean
public WebSocketHandler testHandler(){
return new TestHandler();
}
}
自定义握手拦截器
public class WebSocketHandshakeInterceptor implements HandshakeInterceptor {
private final static Logger LOGGER = Logger.getLogger(WebSocketHandshakeInterceptor.class);
@Override
public boolean beforeHandshake(ServerHttpRequest request, ServerHttpResponse response, WebSocketHandler wsHandler, Map<String, Object> attributes) throws Exception {
if (request instanceof ServletServerHttpRequest) {
ServletServerHttpRequest servletRequest = (ServletServerHttpRequest) request;
HttpSession session = servletRequest.getServletRequest().getSession(false);
if (session != null) {
//这里可以合用不同的userName区分WebSocketHandler，也可以将用户分组或贴标签，以便定向发送消息
//String userName = (String) session.getAttribute(Constants.SESSION_USERNAME);
//这里是模拟测试，没有userName,用sessionId代为表示
attributes.put(Constants.WEBSOCKET_USERNAME,session.getId());
}
}
return true;
}
@Override
public void afterHandshake(ServerHttpRequest request, ServerHttpResponse response, WebSocketHandler wsHandler, Exception exception) {
}
}
推送消息
private TestHandler testHandler = new TestHandler();
@RequestMapping(value = "sendMessage")
@ResponseBody
public String sendMessage(String msg){
//无关代码都省略了
testHandler.sendMessageToUsers(new TextMessage("using controller to send msg:"+msg));
return "done";
}
前端页面
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<%@taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c" %>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme() + "://" + request.getServerName() + ":" + request.getServerPort() + path ;
String serverPath = request.getServerName() + ":" + request.getServerPort() + path ;
%>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-cn">
<head>
<meta name="viewport" content="initial-scale=1.0, user-scalable=no" />
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<title>Websocket</title>
<script src="<%=basePath%>/resources/js/jquery-2.1.4.min.js"></script>
<!--引入sockjs-->
<script src="http://cdn.sockjs.org/sockjs-0.3.min.js"></script>
<!-- 最新版本的 Bootstrap 核心 CSS 文件 -->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css"
integrity="sha384-BVYiiSIFeK1dGmJRAkycuHAHRg32OmUcww7on3RYdg4Va+PmSTsz/K68vbdEjh4u" crossorigin="anonymous">
<script type="text/javascript">
var socket = null;
function connect() {
//方式一 SockJS的连接
//socket = new SockJS("<%=basePath%>/webSocketServer/sockjs");
//方式二 Websocket的连接
socket = new WebSocket('ws://<%=serverPath%>/webSocketServer');
socket.onopen = function () {
log('建立连接');
};
socket.onmessage = function (event) {
log('接收消息: ' + event.data);
$("#connect").hide();
$("#disconnect").show();
};
socket.onclose = function (event) {
log('连接关闭：'+event.data);
$("#connect").show();
$("#disconnect").hide();
};
}
function sendMsg() {
if (socket != null) {
socket.send($("#message").val());
} else {
alert('请先建立连接.');
}
}
function disconnect() {
if (ws != null) {
ws.close();
ws = null;
}
}
function log(message) {
var html = '<p style="word-wrap: break-word;">'+message+'</p>';
$("#console").append(html);
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<div>
<div id="connect-container" style="text-align: center;margin: 40px;">
<div>
<button id="connect" onclick="connect();">连接</button>
<button id="disconnect" style="display: none" onclick="disconnect()">关闭连接</button>
<input id="message" style="width: 300px" placeholder="输入消息内容"/>
<button onclick="sendMsg();">发送消息</button>
</div>
<div id="console-container">
<div id="console"></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
界面效果
STOMP 实现消息功能
public class Greeting {
private String content;
public Greeting(String content) {
this.content = content;
}
public String getContent() {
return content;
}
}
public class HelloMessage {
private String name;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
}
@Configuration
@EnableWebSocketMessageBroker
public class WebSocketConfig extends AbstractWebSocketMessageBrokerConfigurer {
@Override
public void configureMessageBroker(MessageBrokerRegistry config) {
//启用 STOMP 代理中继功能： 并将其目的地前缀设置为 "/topic" or "/greetings" ；
// spring就能知道 所有目的地前缀为 "/topic" or "/greetings" 的消息都会发送到 STOMP 代理中；
config.enableSimpleBroker("/topic", "/greetings");
//设置应用的前缀为 "app"：所有目的地以 "/app" 打头的消息（发送消息url not 连接url）都会路由到 带有 @MessageMapping 注解的方法中，而不会发布到 代理队列中；
config.setApplicationDestinationPrefixes("/app");
}
@Override
public void registerStompEndpoints(StompEndpointRegistry registry) {
registry.addEndpoint("/hello").withSockJS();
// 在网页上我们就可以通过这个链接 /server/hello 来和服务器的WebSocket连接
}
}
@Controller
public class GreetingController {
// @MessageMapping defines the sending addr for client.
// 消息发送地址: /app/hello
@MessageMapping("/hello")
@SendTo("/topic")
public Greeting greeting(HelloMessage message) throws Exception {
System.out.println("receiving " + message.getName());
System.out.println("connecting successfully.");
return new Greeting("Hello, " + message.getName() + "!");
}
@SubscribeMapping("/macro")
public Greeting handleSubscription() {
Greeting greeting = new Greeting("SubscribeMapping macro");
return greeting;
}
private SimpMessageSendingOperations template;
@Autowired
public GreetingController(SimpMessageSendingOperations template) {
this.template = template;
}
@RequestMapping(path="/send")
@ResponseBody
public String send(@RequestParam String message) {
//发送消息
this.template.convertAndSend("/topic", new Greeting(message));
return "done";
}
}
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<%@taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c" %>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme() + "://" + request.getServerName() + ":" + request.getServerPort() + path ;
%>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-cn">
<head>
<meta name="viewport" content="initial-scale=1.0, user-scalable=no" />
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<title>Websocket</title>
<script src="<%=basePath%>/resources/js/jquery-2.1.4.min.js"></script>
<!--引入sockjs-->
<script src="<%=basePath%>/resources/js/sockjs-1.1.1.js"></script>
<script src="<%=basePath%>/resources/js/stomp.js"></script>
<!-- 最新版本的 Bootstrap 核心 CSS 文件 -->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css"
integrity="sha384-BVYiiSIFeK1dGmJRAkycuHAHRg32OmUcww7on3RYdg4Va+PmSTsz/K68vbdEjh4u" crossorigin="anonymous">
<script type="text/javascript">
var stompClient = null;
//this line.
function connect() {
var socket = new SockJS("<%=basePath%>/hello");
stompClient = Stomp.over(socket);
stompClient.connect({}, function(frame) {
stompClient.subscribe('/topic', function(greeting){
log("Received:"+JSON.parse(greeting.body).content);
});
stompClient.subscribe('/app/macro',function(greeting){
log("Received:"+JSON.parse(greeting.body).content);
});
});
}
function sendMsg() {
stompClient.send("/app/hello", {}, JSON.stringify({'name': $("#message").val()}));
log("send:name="+$("#message").val());
}
function disconnect() {
if (stompClient != null) {
stompClient.disconnect();
}
}
function log(message) {
var html = '<p style="word-wrap: break-word;">'+message+'</p>';
$("#console").append(html);
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<div>
<div id="connect-container" style="text-align: center;margin: 40px;">
<div>
<button id="connect" onclick="connect();">连接</button>
<button id="disconnect" style="display: none" onclick="disconnect()">关闭连接</button>
<input id="message" style="width: 300px" placeholder="输入消息内容"/>
<button onclick="sendMsg();">发送消息</button>
</div>
<div id="console-container">
<div id="console"></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>