目录

 

4.1 More paragraph practice

4.2 Overview of the Writing Process 

4.3 The Pre-writing Step 

4.4 The Writing Step

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4.1 More paragraph practice

   1.Example:

     

     2. What’s the paragraph about

    

    修改后：

        

4.2 Overview of the Writing Process 

   Steps in the writing process:

   1.Prewriting(70%)

• Collect, synthesize(合成), and organize information
• Brainstorm take-home messages(头脑风暴)
• Work out ideas away from the computer
• Develop a road map/outline

  2.Writing in the first draft(10%)

• Putting your facts and ideas together in organized prose(文章)

  3.Revision(20%)

• Read your work out loud
• Get rid of clutter
• Do a verb check
• Get feedback from others

4.3 The Pre-writing Step 

 

Get organized first!

• Don’t try to write and gather information simultaneously!(同时)
• Gather and organize information BEFORE writing the first draft.

Develop a road-map

• Arrange key facts and citations(引文) from the literature into a crude（粗略的） road map/outline BEFORE writing the first draft.
• Think in paragraphs and sections.

Brainstorm away from the computer

• Write on the go! 

• Work out take-home messages
• Organize your paper
• Write memorable lines

Compositional organization:(构思)

1. Like ideas should be grouped
2. Like paragraphs should be grouped
3. Don’t “Bait-and-Switch”(诱导) your reader too many times.

• When discussing a controversy,follow:

      arguments(all)——支持

      counter-arguments(all)——反驳

      rebuttals(all)——反驳的反驳

先把所有支持的观点放在第一位提出，之后是反驳这个的所有观点，最后是所有反驳的反驳，这样reader会更容易接受。

4.4 The Writing Step

 Tips for writing the first draft:

• Don’t be a perfectionist(别做完美主义者)
• The goal of the first draft is to get the ideas down in complete sentences in order.
• Focus on logical organization more than sentence-level (句子层次)  details
• Writing the first draft is the hardest step for most people. Minimize the pain by writing the first draft quickly and efficiently.