要实现一个屏幕键盘,需要监听所有键盘事件,无论窗体是否被**。因此需要一个全局的钩子,也就
是系统范围的钩子。
什么是钩子(Hook)
钩子(Hook)是Windows提供的一种消息处理机制平台,是指在程序正常运行中接受信息之前预先
启动的函数,用来检查和修改传给该程序的信息,(钩子)实际上是一个处理消息的程序段,通
过系统调用,把它挂入系统。每当特定的消息发出,在没有到达目的窗口前,钩子程序就先捕获
该消息,亦即钩子函数先得到控制权。这时钩子函数即可以加工处理(改变)该消息,也可以不
作处理而继续传递该消息,还可以强制结束消息的传递。注意:安装钩子函数将会影响系统的性
能。监测“系统范围事件”的系统钩子特别明显。因为系统在处理所有的相关事件时都将调用您的
钩子函数,这样您的系统将会明显的减慢。所以应谨慎使用,用完后立即卸载。还有,由于您可
以预先截获其它进程的消息,所以一旦您的钩子函数出了问题的话必将影响其它的进程。
钩子的作用范围
一共有两种范围(类型)的钩子,局部的和远程的。局部钩子仅钩挂自己进程的事件。远程的钩
子还可以将钩挂其它进程发生的事件。远程的钩子又有两种: 基于线程的钩子将捕获其它进程中
某一特定线程的事件。简言之,就是可以用来观察其它进程中的某一特定线程将发生的事件。 系
统范围的钩子将捕捉系统中所有进程将发生的事件消息。
Hook 类型
Windows共有14种Hooks,每一种类型的Hook可以使应用程序能够监视不同类型的系统消息处理机
制。下面描述所有可以利用的Hook类型的发生时机。详细内容可以查阅MSDN,这里只介绍我们将要
用到的两种类型的钩子。
(1)WH_KEYBOARD_LL Hook
WH_KEYBOARD_LL Hook监视输入到线程消息队列中的键盘消息。
(2)WH_MOUSE_LL Hook
WH_MOUSE_LL Hook监视输入到线程消息队列中的鼠标消息。
下面的 class 把 API 调用封装起来以便调用。
1
//NativeMethods.cs
2
usingSystem;
3
usingSystem.Runtime.InteropServices;
4
usingSystem.Drawing;
5
6
namespaceCnBlogs.Youzai.ScreenKeyboard{
7
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
8
internalstructMOUSEINPUT{
9
publicintdx;
10
publicintdy;
11
publicintmouseData;
12
publicintdwFlags;
13
publicinttime;
14
publicIntPtrdwExtraInfo;
15
}
16
17
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
18
internalstructKEYBDINPUT{
19
publicshortwVk;
20
publicshortwScan;
21
publicintdwFlags;
22
publicinttime;
23
publicIntPtrdwExtraInfo;
24
}
25
26
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Explicit)]
27
internalstructInput{
28
[FieldOffset(0)]
29
publicinttype;
30
[FieldOffset(4)]
31
publicMOUSEINPUTmi;
32
[FieldOffset(4)]
33
publicKEYBDINPUTki;
34
[FieldOffset(4)]
35
publicHARDWAREINPUThi;
36
}
37
38
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
39
internalstructHARDWAREINPUT{
40
publicintuMsg;
41
publicshortwParamL;
42
publicshortwParamH;
43
}
44
45
internalclassINPUT{
46
publicconstintMOUSE=0;
47
publicconstintKEYBOARD=1;
48
publicconstintHARDWARE=2;
49
}
50
51
internalstaticclassNativeMethods{
52
[DllImport("User32.dll",CharSet=CharSet.Auto,SetLastError=false)]
53
internalstaticexternIntPtrGetWindowLong(IntPtrhWnd,intnIndex);
54
55
[DllImport("User32.dll",CharSet=CharSet.Auto,SetLastError=false)]
56
internalstaticexternIntPtrSetWindowLong(IntPtrhWnd,intnIndex,intdwNewLong);
57
58
[DllImport("User32.dll",EntryPoint="SendInput",CharSet=CharSet.Auto)]
59
internalstaticexternUInt32SendInput(UInt32nInputs,Input[]pInputs,Int32cbSize);
60
61
[DllImport("Kernel32.dll",EntryPoint="GetTickCount",CharSet=CharSet.Auto)]
62
internalstaticexternintGetTickCount();
63
64
[DllImport("User32.dll",EntryPoint="GetKeyState",CharSet=CharSet.Auto)]
65
internalstaticexternshortGetKeyState(intnVirtKey);
66
67
[DllImport("User32.dll",EntryPoint="SendMessage",CharSet=CharSet.Auto)]
68
internalstaticexternIntPtrSendMessage(IntPtrhWnd,intmsg,IntPtrwParam,IntPtrlParam);
69
}
70
}
安装钩子
使用SetWindowsHookEx函数(API函数),指定一个Hook类型、自己的Hook过程是全局还是局部Hook,
同时给出Hook过程的进入点,就可以轻松的安装自己的Hook过程。SetWindowsHookEx总是将你的Hook函
数放置在Hook链的顶端。你可以使用CallNextHookEx函数将系统消息传递给Hook链中的下一个函数。
对于某些类型的Hook,系统将向该类的所有Hook函数发送消息,这时,
Hook函数中的CallNextHookEx语句将被忽略。全局(远程钩子)Hook函数可以拦截系统中所有线程的某
个特定的消息,为了安装一个全局Hook过程,必须在应用程序外建立一个DLL并将该Hook函数封装到其中,
应用程序在安装全局Hook过程时必须先得到该DLL模块的句柄。将Dll名传递给LoadLibrary 函数,就会得
到该DLL模块的句柄;得到该句柄 后,使用GetProcAddress函数可以得到Hook过程的地址。最后,使用
SetWindowsHookEx将 Hook过程的首址嵌入相应的Hook链中,SetWindowsHookEx传递一个模块句柄,它为
Hook过程的进入点,线程标识符置为0,该Hook过程同系统中的所有线程关联。如果是安装局部Hook此时
该Hook函数可以放置在DLL中,也可以放置在应用程序的模块段。在C#中通过平台调用(前文已经介绍过)
来调用API函数。
1
publicvoidStart(boolinstallMouseHook,boolinstallKeyboardHook){
2
if(hMouseHook==IntPtr.Zero&&installMouseHook){
3
MouseHookProcedure=newHookProc(MouseHookProc);
4
hMouseHook=SetWindowsHookEx(
5
WH_MOUSE_LL,
6
MouseHookProcedure,
7
Marshal.GetHINSTANCE(
8
Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().GetModules()[0]),
9
0
10
);
11
12
if(hMouseHook==IntPtr.Zero){
13
interrorCode=Marshal.GetLastWin32Error();
14
Stop(true,false,false);
15
16
thrownewWin32Exception(errorCode);
17
}
18
}
19
20
if(hKeyboardHook==IntPtr.Zero&&installKeyboardHook){
21
KeyboardHookProcedure=newHookProc(KeyboardHookProc);
22
//installhook
23
hKeyboardHook=SetWindowsHookEx(
24
WH_KEYBOARD_LL,
25
KeyboardHookProcedure,
26
Marshal.GetHINSTANCE(
27
Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().GetModules()[0]),
28
0);
29
//IfSetWindowsHookExfails.
30
if(hKeyboardHook==IntPtr.Zero){
31
//Returnstheerrorcodereturnedbythelast
32
//unmanagedfunctioncalledusingplatforminvoke
33
//thathastheDllImportAttribute.SetLastErrorflagset.
34
interrorCode=Marshal.GetLastWin32Error();
35
//docleanup
36
Stop(false,true,false);
37
//Initializesandthrowsanewinstanceofthe
38
//Win32Exceptionclasswiththespecifiederror.
39
thrownewWin32Exception(errorCode);
40
}
41
}
42
}
使用完钩子后,要进行卸载,这个可以写在析构函数中。
1
2
publicvoidStop(){
3
this.Stop(true,true,true);
4
}
5
6
publicvoidStop(booluninstallMouseHook,booluninstallKeyboardHook,
7
boolthrowExceptions){
8
//ifmousehooksetandmustbeuninstalled
9
if(hMouseHook!=IntPtr.Zero&&uninstallMouseHook){
10
//uninstallhook
11
boolretMouse=UnhookWindowsHookEx(hMouseHook);
12
//resetinvalidhandle
13
hMouseHook=IntPtr.Zero;
14
//iffailedandexceptionmustbethrown
15
if(retMouse==false&&throwExceptions){
16
//Returnstheerrorcodereturnedbythelastunmanagedfunction
17
//calledusingplatforminvokethathastheDllImportAttribute.
18
//SetLastErrorflagset.
19
interrorCode=Marshal.GetLastWin32Error();
20
//InitializesandthrowsanewinstanceoftheWin32Exceptionclass
21
//withthespecifiederror.
22
thrownewWin32Exception(errorCode);
23
}
24
}
25
26
//ifkeyboardhooksetandmustbeuninstalled
27
if(hKeyboardHook!=IntPtr.Zero&&uninstallKeyboardHook){
28
//uninstallhook
29
boolretKeyboard=UnhookWindowsHookEx(hKeyboardHook);
30
//resetinvalidhandle
31
hKeyboardHook=IntPtr.Zero;
32
//iffailedandexceptionmustbethrown
33
if(retKeyboard==false&&throwExceptions){
34
//Returnstheerrorcodereturnedbythelastunmanagedfunction
35
//calledusingplatforminvokethathastheDllImportAttribute.
36
//SetLastErrorflagset.
37
interrorCode=Marshal.GetLastWin32Error();
38
//InitializesandthrowsanewinstanceoftheWin32Exceptionclass
39
//withthespecifiederror.
40
thrownewWin32Exception(errorCode);
41
}
42
}
43
}
44
将这个文件编译成一个dll,即可在应用程序中调用。通过它提供的事件,便可监听所有的键盘事件。
但是,这只能监听键盘事件,没有键盘的情况下,怎么会有键盘事件?其实很简单,通过SendInput
API函数提供虚拟键盘代码的调用即可模拟键盘输入。下面的代码模拟一个 KeyDown 和 KeyUp 过程,
把他们连接起来就是一次按键过程。
1
privatevoidSendKeyDown(shortkey){
2
Input[]input=newInput[1];
3
input[0].type=INPUT.KEYBOARD;
4
input[0].ki.wVk=key;
5
input[0].ki.time=NativeMethods.GetTickCount();
6
7
if(NativeMethods.SendInput((uint)input.Length,input,Marshal.SizeOf(input[0]))
8
<input.Length){
9
thrownewWin32Exception(Marshal.GetLastWin32Error());
10
}
11
}
12
13
privatevoidSendKeyUp(shortkey){
14
Input[]input=newInput[1];
15
input[0].type=INPUT.KEYBOARD;
16
input[0].ki.wVk=key;
17
input[0].ki.dwFlags=KeyboardConstaint.KEYEVENTF_KEYUP;
18
input[0].ki.time=NativeMethods.GetTickCount();
19
20
if(NativeMethods.SendInput((uint)input.Length,input,Marshal.SizeOf(input[0]))
21
<input.Length){
22
thrownewWin32Exception(Marshal.GetLastWin32Error());
23
}
24
}
自己实现一个 KeyBoardButton 控件用作按钮,用 Visual Studio 或者 SharpDevelop 为屏幕键盘设计 UI,然后
在这些 Button 的 Click 事件里面模拟一个按键过程。
1
2
privatevoidButtonOnClick(objectsender,EventArgse){
3
KeyboardButtonbtnKey=senderasKeyboardButton;
4
if(btnKey==null){
5
return;
6
}
7
8
SendKeyCommand(btnKey);
9
}
10
11
privatevoidSendKeyCommand(KeyboardButtonkeyButton){
12
shortkey=keyButton.VKCode;
13
if(combinationVKButtonsMap.ContainsKey(key)){
14
if(keyButton.Checked){
15
SendKeyUp(key);
16
}else{
17
SendKeyDown(key);
18
}
19
}else{
20
SendKeyDown(key);
21
SendKeyUp(key);
22
}
23
}
其中 combinationVKButtonsMap 是一个 IDictionary<short, IList<KeyboardButton>>, key 存储的是
VK_SHIFT, VK_CONTROL 等组合键的键盘码。左右两个按钮对应同一个键盘码,因此需要放在一个 List 里。
标准键盘上的每一个键都有虚拟键码( VK_CODE)与之对应。还有一些其他的常量,
把它写在一个静态 class 里吧。
1
//KeyboardConstaint.cs
2
internalstaticclassKeyboardConstaint{
3
internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_F1=0x70;
4
internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_F2=0x71;
5
internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_F3=0x72;
6
internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_F4=0x73;
7
internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_F5=0x74;
8
internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_F6=0x75;
9
internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_F7=0x76;
10
internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_F8=0x77;
11
internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_F9=0x78;
12
internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_F10=0x79;
13
internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_F11=0x7A;
14
internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_F12=0x7B;
15
16
internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_LEFT=0x25;
17
internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_UP=0x26;
18
internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_RIGHT=0x27;
19
internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_DOWN=0x28;
20
21
internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_NONE=0x00;
22
internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_ESCAPE=0x1B;
23
internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_EXECUTE=0x2B;
24
internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_CANCEL=0x03;
25
internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_RETURN=0x0D;
26
internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_ACCEPT=0x1E;
27
internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_BACK=0x08;
28
internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_TAB=0x09;
29
internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_DELETE=0x2E;
30
internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_CAPITAL=0x14;
31
internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_NUMLOCK=0x90;
32
internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_SPACE=0x20;
33
internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_DECIMAL=0x6E;
34
internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_SUBTRACT=0x6D;
35
36
internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_ADD=0x6B;
37
internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_DIVIDE=0x6F;
38
internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_MULTIPLY=0x6A;
39
internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_INSERT=0x2D;
40
41
internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_OEM_1=0xBA;//';:'forUS
42
internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_OEM_PLUS=0xBB;//'+'anycountry
43
44
internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_OEM_MINUS=0xBD;//'-'anycountry
45
46
internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_OEM_2=0xBF;//'/?'forUS
47
internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_OEM_3=0xC0;//'`~'forUS
48
internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_OEM_4=0xDB;//'[{'forUS
49
internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_OEM_5=0xDC;//'/|'forUS
50
internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_OEM_6=0xDD;//']}'forUS
51
internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_OEM_7=0xDE;//''"'forUS
52
internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_OEM_PERIOD=0xBE;//'.>'anycountry
53
internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_OEM_COMMA=0xBC;//',<'anycountry
54
internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_SHIFT=0x10;
55
internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_CONTROL=0x11;
56
internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_MENU=0x12;
57
internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_LWIN=0x5B;
58
internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_RWIN=0x5C;
59
internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_APPS=0x5D;
60
61
internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_LSHIFT=0xA0;
62
internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_RSHIFT=0xA1;
63
internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_LCONTROL=0xA2;
64
internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_RCONTROL=0xA3;
65
internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_LMENU=0xA4;
66
internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_RMENU=0xA5;
67
68
internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_SNAPSHOT=0x2C;
69
internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_SCROLL=0x91;
70
internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_PAUSE=0x13;
71
internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_HOME=0x24;
72
73
internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_NEXT=0x22;
74
internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_PRIOR=0x21;
75
internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_END=0x23;
76
77
internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_NUMPAD0=0x60;
78
internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_NUMPAD1=0x61;
79
internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_NUMPAD2=0x62;
80
internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_NUMPAD3=0x63;
81
internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_NUMPAD4=0x64;
82
internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_NUMPAD5=0x65;
83
internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_NUMPAD5NOTHING=0x0C;
84
internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_NUMPAD6=0x66;
85
internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_NUMPAD7=0x67;
86
internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_NUMPAD8=0x68;
87
internalstaticreadonlyshortVK_NUMPAD9=0x69;
88
89
internalstaticreadonlyshortKEYEVENTF_EXTENDEDKEY=0x0001;
90
internalstaticreadonlyshortKEYEVENTF_KEYUP=0x0002;
91
92
internalstaticreadonlyintGWL_EXSTYLE=-20;
93
internalstaticreadonlyintWS_DISABLED=0X8000000;
94
internalstaticreadonlyintWM_SETFOCUS=0X0007;
95
}
屏幕键盘必须是一个不能获得输入焦点的窗体,在这个窗体的构造函数里,可以安装
一个全局鼠标钩子,再通过调用 SetWindowLong API 函数完成。
1
UserActivityHookhook=newUserActivityHook(true,true);
2
hook.MouseActivity+=HookOnMouseActivity;
3
4
privatevoidHookOnMouseActivity(objectsener,HookEx.MouseExEventArgse){
5
Pointlocation=e.Location;
6
7
if(e.Button==MouseButtons.Left){
8
RectanglecaptionRect=newRectangle(this.Location,newSize(this.Width,
9
SystemInformation.CaptionHeight));
10
if(captionRect.Contains(location)){
11
NativeMethods.SetWindowLong(this.Handle,KeyboardConstaint.GWL_EXSTYLE,
12
(int)NativeMethods.GetWindowLong(this.Handle,KeyboardConstaint.GWL_EXSTYLE)
13
&(~KeyboardConstaint.WS_DISABLED));
14
NativeMethods.SendMessage(this.Handle,KeyboardConstaint.WM_SETFOCUS,IntPtr.Zero,IntPtr.Zero);
15
}else{
16
NativeMethods.SetWindowLong(this.Handle,KeyboardConstaint.GWL_EXSTYLE,
17
(int)NativeMethods.GetWindowLong(this.Handle,KeyboardConstaint.GWL_EXSTYLE)|
18
KeyboardConstaint.WS_DISABLED);
19
}
20
}
21
}
鼠标单击标题栏,让屏幕键盘可以接收焦点,并**,单击其他部分则不**窗体(如果**了,其他程序必然取消**,
输入就无法进行了),这样才可以进行输入,并且保证了可以拖动窗体到其他位置。
至此,一个屏幕键盘程序差不多完成了,能够实现与实际键盘完全同步。至于窗体,按键重绘,以及 Num Lock, Caps Lock,
Scroll Lock 等键盘灯的模拟,这里就不讲了,如果有兴趣,可以下载完整的代码。最后我们的屏幕键盘程序运行的效果如
下图:

点击下载完整源代码
http://files.cnblogs.com/youzai/screenkeyboard.zip
说明:本程序参考了 Jeffrey Richter 先生的著作
CLR via C#, Second Edition, MSDN 以及一些网络资料。
这是微软技术的一贯特点,使用简单。但是如果要深入的话,还是要投入不少精力的