山寨币空气币_什么是山寨币，为什么存在？

山寨币空气币

Bitcoin was the first cryptocurrency out there, and it’s still the biggest—for now, at least. But, as we’ve explained before, Bitcoin has a lot of problems as a currency. The term “altcoin” refers to any other cryptocurrency that’s not Bitcoin—in other words, they’re alternatives to Bitcoin.

比特币是世界上第一个加密货币，至少到目前为止，它仍然是最大的。但是，正如我们之前所解释的，比特币作为货币存在很多问题。术语“山寨币”是指不是比特币的任何其他加密货币，换句话说，它们是对比特币的替代。

什么是Altcoins，它们与比特币有何关系？ (What Are Altcoins, and How Are They Related to Bitcoin?)

相关： 什么是比特币，它如何工作？

Bitcoin is a cryptocurrency, but, technically, it’s a few other things. It’s software that people run (Bitcoin Core), and an underlying blockchain that keeps track of who has which Bitcoins.

比特币是一种加密货币，但从技术上讲，它还有其他一些东西。这是人们运行的软件( 比特币核心 )，以及跟踪谁拥有哪些比特币的底层区块链。

While the concept of a blockchain was invented by the creator of Bitcoin, Bitcoin has no monopoly on blockchain technology. Other people can create their own cryptocurrencies and their own blockchains, and that’s generally what cryptocurrencies are.

虽然区块链的概念是由比特币的创造者发明的，但比特币在区块链技术上没有垄断地位。其他人可以创建自己的加密货币和自己的区块链，这通常就是加密货币。

For example, some of the biggest altcoins you may have heard of include Ether, Ripple, Bitcoin Cash, Litecoin, and Monero.

例如，您可能听说过的一些最大的山寨币包括Ether ， Ripple ， Bitcoin Cash ， Litecoin和Monero 。

Ether: Ether is the cryptocurrency generated by the Ethereum platform, so this cryptocurrency is often also called Ethereum. The Ethereum platform is a ledger technology other companies can build on. For example, CryptoKitties uses the Ethereum platform.

以太币：以太币是由以太坊平台生成的加密货币，因此这种加密货币通常也被称为以太坊。以太坊平台是其他公司可以建立的分类账技术。例如， CryptoKitties使用以太坊平台。
Ripple (XRP): Ripple, also known as XRP, is owned by a private company. Technically, the company is named Ripple and the tokens are named XRP, but the currency is often called the Ripple anyway. Some banks are using Ripple to settle cross-border payments, but they’re basically just sending digital IOUs and settling with traditional money later rather than actually using the XRP tokens.

波纹(XRP)：波纹，也称为XRP，由一家私人公司拥有。从技术上讲，公司名为Ripple，令牌称为XRP，但无论如何，货币通常称为Ripple。一些银行正在使用Ripple结算跨境付款，但它们基本上只是发送数字IOU并在以后使用传统货币进行结算，而不是实际使用XRP令牌。
Bitcoin Cash: This was originally a fork of Bitcoin, but is now basically a separate currency, despite the name. It has architectural changes that lead to fast transactions and low fees compared to Bitcoin.

比特币现金 ：这最初是比特币的一个分叉，但尽管有名称，现在基本上是一种独立的货币。与比特币相比，它的架构变化导致交易快速且费用低廉。
Litecoin: Litecoin was also originally a fork of Bitcoin as well. Litecoin uses a different proof-of-work algorithm that’s more intensive on memory, where Bitcoin is more intensive on processing power. Its network tries to complete a block four times as often as Bitcoin, which is designed to speed up transaction confirmation.

Litecoin： Litecoin最初也是比特币的分支。 Litecoin使用不同的工作量证明算法，该算法在内存上更加密集，而比特币在处理能力上更加密集。它的网络尝试完成一个区块的速度是比特币的四倍，目的是加快交易确认的速度。
Monero: Monero is designed to be “secure, private, and untraceable”. Unlike with Bitcoin, transactions on the blockchain can’t be traced back to individual users. This makes it popular for online drug marketplaces.

门罗币：门罗币被设计为“安全，私有且不可追踪”。与比特币不同，区块链上的交易不能追溯到单个用户。这使其在在线毒品市场上很受欢迎。

These are just a few examples. But there are thousands of altcoins, and anyone can create one.

这些只是几个例子。但是有成千上万的山寨币，任何人都可以创建一个。

Of course, anyone can create something, call it a cryptocurrency, and try to get people to use it. There’s no guarantee the underlying technology is even based on a blockchain or a solid distributed trust network just because someone’s throwing the word “cryptocurrency” around.

当然，任何人都可以创建某种东西，将其称为一种加密货币，然后尝试让人们使用它。无法保证底层技术甚至基于区块链或可靠的分布式信任网络，只是因为有人在扔“ cryptocurrency”一词。

RELATED: What Is a "Blockchain"?

相关： 什么是“区块链”？

To make things a little more confusing, some altcoins are even based on Bitcoin—kind of. For example, Bitcoin Cash was created by taking the existing Bitcoin code and modifying it, and going in a different direction. This is known as a “fork”, and it also resulted in a fork in the blockchain.

为了使事情更加混乱，一些山寨币甚至基于比特币。例如，比特币现金是通过采用现有的比特币代码并对其进行修改并朝另一个方向发展而创建的。这被称为“叉子”，它也导致了区块链中的叉子。

Bitcoin Cash now has its own separate blockchain that inherited the main Bitcoin blockchain’s history, which is why everyone who owned Bitcoin at the time of the fork also gained an equal amount of Bitcoin Cash. As Bitcoin is open source, anyone can do this. Although the community trusts the Bitcoin Core developers at the moment, it’s possible that in the future the enough people could lose trust in them and switch to software provided by different developers working on the Bitcoin code. That would then become the new “Bitcoin”. It’s all decentralized like that.

比特币现金现在拥有自己的独立区块链，继承了主要的比特币区块链的历史，这就是为什么在分叉时拥有比特币的每个人也获得等量比特币现金的原因。由于比特币是开源的，所以任何人都可以做到这一点。尽管社区目前信任Bitcoin Core开发人员，但将来可能有足够多的人失去对他们的信任，而转向使用不同的开发人员开发的软件开发Bitcoin代码。那将成为新的“比特币”。像这样分散。

So, if anyone can create altcoins or fork the Bitcoin blockchain, what causes them to have any value instead of them falling flat and being ignored? Like with Bitcoin and everything else in life, altcoins merely have the value people place on them.

因此，如果任何人都可以创建山寨币或分叉比特币区块链，是什么导致它们具有任何价值，而不是陷入僵局并被忽略？就像比特币和生活中的所有其他事物一样，山寨币仅具有人们所重视的价值。

人们为什么继续创建Altcoins？ (Why Do People Keep Creating Altcoins?)

相关： 比特币不是货币，这是(不安全的)投资

So why do people keep creating altcoins, anyway? Well there are two answers to that question, depending on how cynical you want to be.

那么，为什么人们仍然继续创建山寨币呢？这个问题有两个答案，这取决于您想成为一个愤世嫉俗的人。

The technical reason is that Bitcoin has inherent problems due to its design, and people feel they can improve on it. For example, Bitcoin transactions have high fees and can take a significant amount of time to process, so some altcoins are designed to have lower fees and faster processing times. The “proof of work” requirement that requires a ridiculous amount of energy usage could be replaced with a different verification method, making the new altcoin more efficient and saving all the world’s energy from being sucked up to mine Bitcoin the way nanobots may one day suck up all the world’s matter in a grey goo nightmare scenario. Some altcoins, like Monero, are more anonymous by design, which attracts people who want to buy drugs online, for example. People who like the idea of cryptocurrency but think Bitcoin has serious technical problems are attracted to altcoins as a solution.

技术原因是比特币由于其设计而存在固有的问题，人们认为他们可以对其进行改进。例如，比特币交易收取高额费用，并且可能需要大量时间来处理，因此某些山寨币被设计为具有较低的费用和更快的处理时间。可以用不同的验证方法代替需要大量能源使用的“工作量证明”要求，从而使新的山寨币更加有效，并避免了像纳米机器人有一天会吸收的方式吸收全世界所有能源来开采比特币。在一个灰色的恶梦中解决了世界上所有的问题。一些山寨币，例如门罗币，在设计上更加匿名，例如吸引了那些想要在线购买毒品的人。喜欢加密货币概念但认为比特币存在严重技术问题的人们被山寨币吸引为解决方案。

The other, more cynical reason is less technical and more monetary. As Bitcoin has increased in value, more people look at the cryptocurrency market with dollar signs in their eyes. If they could make a new currency and get in on the ground floor when it can be easily mined, they can sell it after it takes off in value and make a bunch of money.

另一个愤世嫉俗的原因是技术含量较低，金钱较多。随着比特币价值的增加，越来越多的人看着带有美元符号的数字货币市场。如果他们可以制造一种新的货币并在可以轻松开采的情况下进入地下，那么他们可以在货币贬值后出售并赚大钱。

There appears to be a lot of irrational exuberance in the marketplace, which encourages the formation of altcoins. Dogecoin, for example, is an altcoin originally created as a joke in 2013. It’s named after, and has a logo featuring, the popular Shiba Inu “Doge” meme. It’s been used for tipping in online communities in the past. In December 2017, even after it hadn’t been updated or actively developed in years, people bought into it and the total of all the Dogecoins in the wild became worth a billion dollars. Jackson Palmer, Dogecoin’s original founder who left the project in 2015, commented critically on the development:

市场上似乎有很多非理性的繁荣，这鼓励了山寨币的形成。多吉币，例如，是最初创建作为一个在2013年它的名字命名的笑话altcoin，并具有标志特色，流行的柴犬“公爵”米姆。过去，它已用于在在线社区中给小费。 2017年12月，即使经过多年没有更新或积极开发，人们还是购买了它，而野生的所有Dogecoin的总价值也达到了10亿美元。杰克逊帕尔默，多吉币是谁留在2015年的项目，原方正科技评价的发展至关重要：

I have a lot of faith in the Dogecoin Core development team to keep the software stable and secure, but I think it says a lot about the state of the cryptocurrency space in general that a currency with a dog on it which hasn’t released a software update in over 2 years has a $1B+ market cap.

我对Dogecoin Core开发团队充满信心，希望保持软件的稳定性和安全性，但我认为，这总体上说明了加密货币空间的状况，这通常是因为带有狗的货币没有发布加密货币。两年多来的软件更新拥有$ 1B +的市值。

In altcoins, many investors are looking for “the next Bitcoin” that will have a dramatic increase in value. That money is driving up the market value of these altcoins.

在山寨币中，许多投资者正在寻找“下一个比特币”，其价值将急剧上升。这些钱正在推动这些山寨币的市场价值。

无论如何，Altcoins似乎与比特币一起上涨和下跌 (Altcoins Appear to Go Up and Down With Bitcoin, Anyway)

There’s a big problem with how altcoins play out in the market, if you’re looking at them as an (unsafe) investment. The value of altcoins appears tied to Bitcoin’s value. You might expect that, given Bitcoin’s technical problems, altcoins might go up in value when Bitcoin goes down. But, over and over, we’ve seen that the opposite is true. When Bitcoin goes down, altcoins tend to go down, too.

如果您将山寨币视为((不安全的)投资) ，那么山寨币在市场上的表现就存在很大的问题。山寨币的价值似乎与比特币的价值联系在一起。您可能期望，鉴于比特币的技术问题，当比特币下跌时，山寨币的价值可能会上升。但是，一遍又一遍，我们已经看到了相反的事实。当比特币下跌时，山寨币也倾向于下跌。

All we’re saying is: Don’t treat altcoins like an alternative to Bitcoin that will help you diversify your portfolio. The cryptocurrency market seems to be all just one big game of gambling on one market. These cryptocurrencies all seem to go up or down together, with the altcoins following Bitcoin’s lead.

我们要说的是：不要将山寨币视为比特币的替代品，它会帮助您分散投资组合。加密货币市场似乎只是在一个市场上**的一大游戏。这些加密货币似乎都随着比特币紧随其后的山寨币一起上涨或下跌。

比特币只是许多加密货币之一 (Bitcoin Is Just One of Many Cryptocurrencies)

Altcoins do demonstrate one important thing about Bitcoin. Even if the blockchain is a great innovation (and it is, for some things) and cryptocurrency is the future (we’ll see), that doesn’t guarantee that Bitcoin is part of that future.

山寨币确实证明了关于比特币的一件重要事情。即使区块链是一项伟大的创新(在某些方面确实如此)并且加密货币是未来(我们将会看到)，但这也不能保证比特币是该未来的一部分。

Bitcoin was the first cryptocurrency, and it’s still the biggest one. However, it has serious technical problems that prevent it from being a good currency, which is why all the Bitcoin fans are arguing it’s a “store of value” and not a currency anymore.

比特币是第一个加密货币，但仍然是最大的加密货币。但是，它存在严重的技术问题，使它无法成为一种好的货币，这就是为什么所有比特币迷都认为它是“价值存储”而不是货币了。

There’s nothing special about Bitcoin that forces people to use it if something better comes along. Even if cryptocurrency is the future and every piece of data will be stored on a blockchain, Bitcoin could still become worthless and get left behind as people switch to altcoins—either current altcoins, or the altcoins of the future. What gives Bitcoin its value, whatever that value is at the moment, is that people believe it has value. If enough people agree on an altcoin that they like better, Bitcoin could be abandoned.

比特币没有什么特别之处可以迫使人们在更好的情况下使用它。即使加密货币是未来，并且每条数据都将存储在区块链中，但随着人们转向使用山寨币(无论是当前的山寨币还是未来的山寨币)，比特币仍可能变得一文不值并被抛在后面。不管当前的价值多少，赋予比特币其价值的是人们相信它具有价值。如果足够多的人同意他们更喜欢的山寨币，那么比特币可能会被放弃。

Image Credit: Wit Olszewski/Shutterstock.com, Adrian Today/Shutterstock.com, arakio/Shutterstock.com

图片提供： Wit Olszewski /Shutterstock.com，Adrian Today /Shutterstock.com，arakoo /Shutterstock.com

翻译自: https://www.howtogeek.com/341972/what-are-altcoins-and-why-do-they-exist/