Oracle 11g安装记录（详细）

安装环境：CentOS 6 64位：CentOS-6.9-x86_64-bin-DVD1
Oracle 11g：p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_1of7
p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_2of7
pdksh-5.2.14-30.x86_64

1. 关闭防火墙、关闭linux增强
   关闭防火墙的方法为：
   a）永久性生效
   开启：chkconfig iptables on
   关闭：chkconfig iptables off
   b）即时生效，重启后失效
   开启：service iptables start
   关闭：service iptables stop
   c）防火墙还需要关闭ipv6的防火墙：
   chkconfig ip6tables off
   并且可以通过如下命令查看状态：chkconfig --list iptables
   d）关闭Linux增强
   永久有效
   修改 /etc/selinux/config 文件中的 SELINUX="" 为 disabled ，然后重启。
   即时生效：setenforce 0

2. 创建安装文件夹 /home/allen/Software/db
   

3. 软件包检查
   [[email protected] ~]# yum install binutils*
   [[email protected] ~]# yum install compat*
   [[email protected] ~]# yum install glibc*
   [[email protected] ~]# yum install ksh*
   [[email protected] ~]# yum install libgcc*
   [[email protected] ~]# yum install libstdc*
   [[email protected] ~]# yum install libaio*
   [[email protected] ~]# yum install make*
   [[email protected] ~]# yum install sysstat*

   可以提前检查 也可以安装报错缺少包时再yum安装具体包
   

4. 修改资源配置
   [[email protected] ~]# cp /etc/security/limits.conf /etc/security/limits.conf.bak
   [[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/security/limits.conf
   oracle soft nproc 2047
   oracle hard nproc 16384
   oracle soft nofile 1024
   oracle hard nofile 65536
   oracle soft stack 10240
   

         [[email protected] ~]# tail -8 /etc/security/limits.conf
   

5. 修改内核参数
   建议编辑前给虚拟机做快照备份！！

       [[email protected] ~]# cp /etc/sysctl.conf /etc/sysctl.conf.bak
       [[email protected] ~]# vi /etc/sysctl.conf
       fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
       fs.file-max = 6815744
       kernel.shmmni = 4096
       kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
       net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
       net.core.rmem_default = 262144
       net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
       net.core.wmem_default = 262144
       net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
   

         [[email protected] ~]# tail -16 /etc/sysctl.conf

        重启，验证
        [[email protected] ~]# reboot

6. 软件安装环境准备
   6.1 创建用户和组

           创建组
           [[email protected] ~]# groupadd oinstall
           [[email protected] ~]# groupadd dba
           [[email protected] ~]# groupadd oper
   

            创建⽤户 设置密码 oracle:oracle
            [[email protected] ~]# useradd -g oinstall -G dba,oper oracle
            [[email protected] ~]# passwd oracle

SecureCRT创建连接 使⽤oracle⽤户登录测试

[[email protected] ~]$ id

            6.2 创建目录
                [[email protected] ~]# mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle
                [[email protected] ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01
                [[email protected] ~]# chmod -R 775 /u01/app/oracle

7. 设置环境变量
   使⽤oracle⽤户连接 编辑/home/oracle/.bash_profile
   [[email protected] ~]$ vim .bash_profile
   unset TNS_ADMIN
   export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
   export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1 export ORACLE_SID=PROD export PATH=$ORACLEB​ASE/product/11.2.0/dbhome1​exportORACLES​ID=PRODexportPATH=ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
   

       [[email protected] ~]$ source .bash_profile
   
   
   
       验证
       [[email protected] ~]$ echo $ORACLE_BASE
       [[email protected] ~]$ echo $ORACLE_HOME
       [[email protected] ~]$ echo $ORACLE_SID
       [[email protected] ~]$ echo $PATH
   

8. 解压软件，修改属主属组权限

       使用sftp 192.168.XXX.XXX上传压缩包（put）
   

        root⽤户解压软件包 先后解压1、2
        [[email protected] db]# cd /software/db
        [[email protected] db]# ls

        [[email protected] db]# unzip p10404530_112030_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip
        [[email protected] db]# unzip p10404530_112030_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip
        解压得到database⽬录 约2.5G


        修改属主 属组 权限
        [[email protected] db]# chown -R oracle:oinstall database/
        [[email protected] db]# chmod -R +x database/

9. 启动Xmanager-passive执行安装

       启动Xmanager-passive
   

        oracle⽤户设置DISPLAY 将图形化界⾯显⽰在宿主机
        [[email protected] ~]$ export DISPLAY=192.168.6.6:0.0
        [[email protected] ~]$ echo $DISPLAY

在oracle⽤户home⽬录执⾏安装操作
[[email protected] ~]$ cd /software/db/database/
[[email protected] database]$ ll

[[email protected] database]$ ./runInstaller

10. 安装Oracle文件
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    

yum进行安装
可以使⽤yum安装第⼀个包
[[email protected] db]# yum install elfutils-libelf-devel

第三个包pdksh包可以从rhel5光盘中找到
上传后可以rpm -ivh 安装 但与ksh冲突，需要先rpm -e 卸载ksh

如果内核参数、资源限制等配置有问题，检查环节还会显⽰有其他错误，可先使⽤Fix &
Check Again
弹出的对话框会提⽰，仔细阅读提⽰内容。 使⽤root⽤户执⾏相应脚本，执⾏完成后再点
OK

[[email protected] ~]# /u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh

[[email protected] ~]# /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh

11. netca配置监听
    oracle用户执行netca命令

        xmanager启动状态
        [[email protected] ~]$ netca
    

配置完成lsnrctl status查看监听状态
[[email protected] ~]$ lsnrctl status

12. dbca建库
    oracle用户执行dbca命令创建数据库

        Xmanager启动状态
        [[email protected] ~]$ dbca
    

13. Password Management
    

14. 解锁scott用户，设置默认密码tiger
    
    
    

dbca建库后查看相关进程
[[email protected] ~]$ ps -ef | grep ora_ | grep -v grep

15. 建库后相关配置
    sqlplus命令提示符

        [[email protected] ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/sqlplus/admin
        [[email protected] admin]$ vi glogin.sql
        define _editor=vi
        set linesize 100
        set pagesize 9999
        set sqlprompt "_user'@'_connect_identifier>"
    

[[email protected] ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

16. scott用户
    [email protected]>conn scott/tiger
    [email protected]>show user
    

账户锁定后，使用alter user USERNAME account unlock解锁

[email protected]>select * from emp;
[email protected]>select * from dept;

17. 正常关闭数据库
    关闭操作系统之前，必须先使⽤sys⽤户正常关闭数据库实例。
    [email protected]>conn / as sysdba
    [email protected]>show user
    [email protected]>shutdown immediate;
    

相关进程已不存在

18. 启动数据库命令
    [[email protected] ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
    

idle instance 说明数据库实例没有启动

[email protected]>startup

[email protected]>select status from v$instance;