LNMMP架构实现Web动静分离
北城书生 的BLOG
http://scholar.blog.51cto.com/9985645/1661861
前言
前 面的文章中说过LAMP架构包括:Linux操作系统,Apache网站服务器,MySQL数据库,Perl、PHP或者Python编程语言,而今天要 说的LNMMP 和LAMP类似,只是作为Web服务器的不再是Apache而是高性能的Nginx,同时引进Memcached加速缓存效率,用于加快 访问速度。
Memcached是一款开源、高性能、分布式内存对象缓存系统,可应用各种需要缓存的场景,其主要目的是通过降低对数据库的访问来加速Web应用程序。它是一个基于内存的“键值对”存储,用于存储数据库调用、API调用或页面引用结果的直接数据,如字符串、对象等。
实现过程
实验拓扑
实验环境
系统环境:CentOS6.6
web服务器:172.16.10.123 nginx-1.6.3
PHP服务器:172.16.10.110 php-5.4.26
数据库服务器:172.16.10.211 MariaDB-5.5.36
Memcached服务器:172.16.10.212 memcached-1.4.24
工作原理
利用nginx的高性能特点做前端反向代理服务器,分发用户请求,静态请求直接返回结果,动态请求交给后端php处理,php查询数据库返回处理结果,并将结果缓存至Memcached,当接收新请求时,php首先在Memcached查询,Memcached有结果直接返还给nginx,没结果再查询数据库,依次类推。
安装配置nginx
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#解决依赖关系 [[email protected] ~] # yum groupinstall "Development Tools" "Server Platform Deveopment" -y
[[email protected] ~] # yum install openssl-devel pcre-devel -y
[[email protected] ~] # groupadd -r nginx
[[email protected] ~] # useradd -r -g nginx nginx
[[email protected] ~] # tar xf nginx-1.6.3.tar.gz
[[email protected] ~] # cd nginx-1.6.3
[[email protected] nginx-1.6.3] # ./configure \
> --prefix= /usr/local/nginx \
> --sbin-path= /usr/sbin/nginx \
> --conf-path= /etc/nginx/nginx .conf \
> --error-log-path= /var/log/nginx/error .log \
> --http-log-path= /var/log/nginx/access .log \
> --pid-path= /var/run/nginx/nginx .pid \
> --lock-path= /var/lock/nginx .lock \
> --user=nginx \ > --group=nginx \ > --with-http_ssl_module \ > --with-http_flv_module \ > --with-http_stub_status_module \ > --with-http_gzip_static_module \ > --http-client-body-temp-path= /usr/local/nginx/client/ \
> --http-proxy-temp-path= /usr/local/nginx/proxy/ \
> --http-fastcgi-temp-path= /usr/local/nginx/fcgi/ \
> --http-uwsgi-temp-path= /usr/local/nginx/uwsgi \
> --http-scgi-temp-path= /usr/local/nginx/scgi \
> --with-pcre [[email protected] nginx-1.6.3] # make && make install
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为nginx提供SysV init脚本
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[[email protected] ~] # vim /etc/rc.d/init.d/nginx
#新建文件/etc/rc.d/init.d/nginx,内容如下: #!/bin/sh # # nginx - this script starts and stops the nginx daemon # # chkconfig: - 85 15 # description: Nginx is an HTTP(S) server, HTTP(S) reverse \ # proxy and IMAP/POP3 proxy server # processname: nginx # config: /etc/nginx/nginx.conf # config: /etc/sysconfig/nginx # pidfile: /var/run/nginx.pid # Source function library. . /etc/rc .d /init .d /functions
# Source networking configuration. . /etc/sysconfig/network
# Check that networking is up. [ "$NETWORKING" = "no" ] && exit 0
nginx= "/usr/sbin/nginx"
prog=$( basename $nginx)
NGINX_CONF_FILE= "/etc/nginx/nginx.conf"
[ -f /etc/sysconfig/nginx ] && . /etc/sysconfig/nginx
lockfile= /var/lock/subsys/nginx
make_dirs() { # make required directories
user=`nginx -V 2>&1 | grep "configure arguments:" | sed 's/[^*]*--user=\([^ ]*\).*/\1/g' -`
options=`$nginx -V 2>&1 | grep 'configure arguments:' `
for opt in $options; do
if [ ` echo $opt | grep '.*-temp-path' ` ]; then
value=` echo $opt | cut -d "=" -f 2`
if [ ! -d "$value" ]; then
# echo "creating" $value
mkdir -p $value && chown -R $user $value
fi
fi
done
} start() { [ -x $nginx ] || exit 5
[ -f $NGINX_CONF_FILE ] || exit 6
make_dirs
echo -n $ "Starting $prog: "
daemon $nginx -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE
retval=$?
echo
[ $retval - eq 0 ] && touch $lockfile
return $retval
} stop() { echo -n $ "Stopping $prog: "
killproc $prog -QUIT
retval=$?
echo
[ $retval - eq 0 ] && rm -f $lockfile
return $retval
} restart() { configtest || return $?
stop
sleep 1
start
} reload() { configtest || return $?
echo -n $ "Reloading $prog: "
killproc $nginx -HUP
RETVAL=$?
echo
} force_reload() { restart
} configtest() { $nginx -t -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE
} rh_status() { status $prog
} rh_status_q() { rh_status > /dev/null 2>&1
} case "$1" in
start)
rh_status_q && exit 0
$1
;;
stop)
rh_status_q || exit 0
$1
;;
restart|configtest)
$1
;;
reload)
rh_status_q || exit 7
$1
;;
force-reload)
force_reload
;;
status)
rh_status
;;
condrestart|try-restart)
rh_status_q || exit 0
;;
*)
echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|status|restart|condrestart|try-restart|reload|force-
reload|configtest}" exit 2
esac |
为脚本赋予执行权限
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[[email protected] ~] # chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/nginx
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添加至服务管理列表,并让其开机自动启动
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[[email protected] ~] # chkconfig --add nginx
[[email protected] ~] # chkconfig nginx on
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配置nginx
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[[email protected] ~] # vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
worker_processes 2; #worker进程的个数
error_log /var/log/nginx/error .log notice; #错误日志路径及级别
events { worker_connections 1024; #每个worker能够并发响应的最大请求数
} http { include mime.types; #支持多媒体类型
default_type application /octet-stream ;
sendfile on; #由内核直接转发
#keepalive_timeout 0;
keepalive_timeout 5; #持久连接5s
gzip on; #开启压缩功能
server {
listen 80;
server_name bbs.scholar.com;
add_header X-via $server_addr; #让客户端能够看到代理服务器的IP
location / {
root /www/bbs ;
index index.php index.html index.htm;
}
location ~* \.(jpg|jpeg|png|gif|js|css)$ { #匹配静态内容
root /www/bbs ;
}
location ~ \.php$ { #匹配动态内容
root /www/bbs ;
fastcgi_pass 172.16.10.110:9000; #代理到的服务器
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
}
}
}
[[email protected] ~] # vim /etc/nginx/fastcgi_params
fastcgi_param GATEWAY_INTERFACE CGI /1 .1;
fastcgi_param SERVER_SOFTWARE nginx; fastcgi_param QUERY_STRING $query_string; fastcgi_param REQUEST_METHOD $request_method; fastcgi_param CONTENT_TYPE $content_type; fastcgi_param CONTENT_LENGTH $content_length; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_NAME $fastcgi_script_name; fastcgi_param REQUEST_URI $request_uri; fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_URI $document_uri; fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_ROOT $document_root; fastcgi_param SERVER_PROTOCOL $server_protocol; fastcgi_param REMOTE_ADDR $remote_addr; fastcgi_param REMOTE_PORT $remote_port; fastcgi_param SERVER_ADDR $server_addr; fastcgi_param SERVER_PORT $server_port; fastcgi_param SERVER_NAME $server_name; [[email protected] ~] # service nginx start
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安装配置memcached
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#解决依赖关系 [[email protected] ~] # yum groupinstall "Development Tools" "Server Platform Deveopment" -y
#安装libevent #memcached依赖于libevent API,因此要事先安装之 [[email protected] ~] # tar xf libevent-2.0.22-stable.tar.gz
[[email protected] ~] # cd libevent-2.0.22-stable
[[email protected] libevent-2.0.22-stable] # ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/libevent
[[email protected] libevent-2.0.22-stable] # make && make install
[[email protected] ~] # echo "/usr/local/libevent/lib" > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/libevent.conf
[[email protected] ~] # ldconfig
#安装配置memcached [[email protected] ~] # tar xf memcached-1.4.24.tar.tar
[[email protected] ~] # cd memcached-1.4.24
[[email protected] memcached-1.4.24] # ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/memcached --with-libevent=/usr/local/libevent
[[email protected] memcached-1.4.24] # make && make install
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提供脚本
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[[email protected] ~] # vim /etc/init.d/memcached
#!/bin/bash # # Init file for memcached # # chkconfig: - 86 14 # description: Distributed memory caching daemon # # processname: memcached # config: /etc/sysconfig/memcached . /etc/rc .d /init .d /functions
## Default variables PORT= "11211"
USER= "nobody"
MAXCONN= "1024"
CACHESIZE= "64"
OPTIONS= ""
RETVAL=0 prog= "/usr/local/memcached/bin/memcached"
desc= "Distributed memory caching"
lockfile= "/var/lock/subsys/memcached"
start() { echo -n $ "Starting $desc (memcached): "
daemon $prog -d -p $PORT -u $USER -c $MAXCONN -m $CACHESIZE -o "$OPTIONS"
RETVAL=$?
[ $RETVAL - eq 0 ] && success && touch $lockfile || failure
echo
return $RETVAL
} stop() { echo -n $ "Shutting down $desc (memcached): "
killproc $prog
RETVAL=$?
[ $RETVAL - eq 0 ] && success && rm -f $lockfile || failure
echo
return $RETVAL
} restart() { stop
start
} reload() { echo -n $ "Reloading $desc ($prog): "
killproc $prog -HUP
RETVAL=$?
[ $RETVAL - eq 0 ] && success || failure
echo
return $RETVAL
} case "$1" in
start)
start
;;
stop)
stop
;;
restart)
restart
;;
condrestart)
[ -e $lockfile ] && restart
RETVAL=$?
;;
reload)
reload
;;
status)
status $prog
RETVAL=$?
;;
*)
echo $ "Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart|condrestart|status}"
RETVAL=1
esac exit $RETVAL
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授权并启动服务
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[[email protected] ~] # vim /etc/init.d/memcached
[[email protected] ~] # chmod +x /etc/init.d/memcached
[[email protected] ~] # chkconfig --add memcached
[[email protected] ~] # service memcached start
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安装配置php
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#解决依赖关系 [[email protected] ~] # yum groupinstall "Development tools" "Server Platform Development" -y
[[email protected] ~] # yum -y groupinstall "Desktop Platform Development"
[[email protected] ~] # yum -y install bzip2-devel libmcrypt-devel
[[email protected] ~] # tar xf php-5.4.26.tar.bz2
[[email protected] ~] # cd php-5.4.26
[[email protected] php-5.4.26] # ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php --with-mysql=mysqlnd
--with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd --with-mysqli=mysqlnd -- enable -mbstring --with-freetype- dir --with-jpeg- dir --with-png- dir --with-zlib --with-libxml- dir = /usr -- enable -xml
-- enable -sockets -- enable -fpm --with-mcrypt --with-config- file -path= /etc --with-config- file -scan- dir = /etc/php .d --with-bz2 --with-openssl
[[email protected] php-5.4.26] # make && make install
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提供配置文件
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#为php提供配置文件 [[email protected] php-5.4.26] # cp php.ini-production /etc/php.ini
#为php-fpm提供脚本 [[email protected] php-5.4.26] # cp sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/rc.d/init.d/php-fpm
[[email protected] php-5.4.26] # chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/php-fpm
[[email protected] php-5.4.26] # chkconfig --add php-fpm
[[email protected] php-5.4.26] # chkconfig php-fpm on
#为php-fpm提供配置文件 [[email protected] php-5.4.26] # cd /usr/local/php
[[email protected] php] # cp etc/php-fpm.conf.default etc/php-fpm.conf
[[email protected] php] # vim etc/php-fpm.conf
pid = /usr/local/php/var/run/php-fpm .pid
listen = 172.16.10.110:9000 pm.max_children = 25 #最大子进程数
pm.start_servers = 5 #开机预启动子进程数
pm.min_spare_servers = 2 #最小空闲子进程数
pm.max_spare_servers = 6 #最大空闲子进程数
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php安装xcache拓展
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[[email protected] ~] # tar xf xcache-3.1.0.tar.bz2
[[email protected] ~] # cd xcache-3.1.0
[[email protected] xcache-3.1.0] # /usr/local/php/bin/phpize
[[email protected] xcache-3.1.0] # ./configure --enable-xcache --with-php-config=/usr/local/php
/bin/php-config [[email protected] xcache-3.1.0] # make && make install
[[email protected] xcache-3.1.0] # mkdir /etc/php.d
[[email protected] xcache-3.1.0] # cp xcache.ini /etc/php.d/
[[email protected] xcache-3.1.0] # vim /etc/php.d/xcache.ini
[xcache-common] ;; non-Windows example: extension = /usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20100525/xcache .so
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php安装memcache拓展
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[[email protected] ~] # tar xf memcache-2.2.7.tgz
[[email protected] ~] # cd memcache-2.2.7
[[email protected] memcache-2.2.7] # /usr/local/php/bin/phpize
[[email protected] memcache-2.2.7] # ./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config --enable-memcache
[[email protected] memcache-2.2.7] # make && make install
[[email protected] memcache-2.2.7] # vim /etc/php.ini
extension= /usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20100525/memcache .so
[[email protected] ~] # service php-fpm start
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安装配置mariadb
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[[email protected] ~] # mkdir /mydata/data -pv
[[email protected] ~] # groupadd -r mysql
[[email protected] ~] # useradd -g mysql -r mysql
[[email protected] ~] # chown -R mysql.mysql /mydata/data
[[email protected] ~] # tar xf mariadb-5.5.36-linux-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local
[[email protected] ~] # cd /usr/local
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提供配置及脚本文件
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[[email protected] mysql] # cp /support-files/my-large.cnf /etc/mysql/my.cnf
[[email protected] mysql] # vim /etc/mysql/my.cnf
datadir = /mydata/data [[email protected] mysql] # cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
[[email protected] mysql] # chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
[[email protected] mysql] # chkconfig --add mysqld
[[email protected] mysql] # chkconfig mysqld on
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初始化数据库
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[[email protected] mysql] # scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/mydata/data
[[email protected] ~] # service mysqld start
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部署站点
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[[email protected] ~] # mkdir /www/bbs -pv
[[email protected] ~] # unzip wordpress-3.2.1-zh_CN.zip
[[email protected] ~] # cd wordpress
[[email protected] wordpress] # mv * /www/bbs/
#在web和php上分别准备站点文件 #php节点 [[email protected] ~] # cd /www/bbs
[[email protected] bbs] # cp wp-config-sample.php wp-config.php
[[email protected] bbs] # vim wp-config.php
/** WordPress 数据库的名称 */ define( 'DB_NAME' , 'wpdb' );
/** MySQL 数据库用户名 */ define( 'DB_USER' , 'wpuser' );
/** MySQL 数据库密码 */ define( 'DB_PASSWORD' , 'wppass' );
/** MySQL 主机 */ define( 'DB_HOST' , '172.16.10.211' );
/** 创建数据表时默认的文字编码 */ define( 'DB_CHARSET' , 'utf8' );
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创建数据库并授权
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MariaDB [(none)]> create database wpdb; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.05 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.06 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> flush privileges; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec) |
安装memadmin
MemAdmin是一款可视化的Memcached管理与监控工具,使用PHP开发,体积小,操作简单。
主要功能:
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服务器参数监控:STATS、SETTINGS、ITEMS、SLABS、SIZES实时刷新 服务器性能监控:GET、DELETE、INCR、DECR、CAS等常用操作命中率实时监控 支持数据遍历,方便对存储内容进行监视 支持条件查询,筛选出满足条件的KEY或VALUE 数组、JSON等序列化字符反序列显示 兼容memcache协议的其他服务,如Tokyo Tyrant (遍历功能除外) 支持服务器连接池,多服务器管理切换方便简洁 |
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[[email protected] ~] # tar xf memadmin-1.0.12.tar.gz -C /www/bbs/
#web和php端都需执行此操作 |
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Ten end
LNMMP 架构实现Web动静分离实验就说到这里了,整个部署过程跟LAMP类似,朋友们部署过程遇到问题可留言交流,nginx在反向代理时还可将缓存缓存至 memcached服务器,从而提高缓存性能,这里稍微一提,就不做详解了。以上仅为个人学习整理,如有错漏,大神勿喷~~~
本文出自 “北城书生” 博客,请务必保留此出处http://scholar.blog.51cto.com/9985645/1661861
转载于:https://blog.51cto.com/941012521/1695677