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Lombok的使用

分类: 文章 • 2024-04-09 12:04:29

在Intellij中安装Lombok的插件

想要体验一把Lombok的话，得先在自己的开发环境中安装上对应的插件。下面先为大家展示下如何在Intellij中安装上Lombok插件。

通过IntelliJ的插件中心寻找Lombok

Lombok的使用

从Intellij插件中心安装Lombok

Lombok的使用

另外需要注意的是，在使用lombok注解的时候记得要导入lombok.jar包到工程，如果使用的是Maven的工程项目的话，要在其pom.xml中添加依赖如下：

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
    <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
    <version>1.16.8</version>
</dependency>

好了，就这么几步后就可以在Java工程中开始用Lombok这款开发神器了。下文将会给大家介绍Lombok中一些注解的使用方法，让大家对如何用这些注解有一个大致的了解。

Lombok注解使用方法

Lombok常用注解介绍

下面先来看下Lombok中主要几个常用注解介绍：

Lombok的使用

Lombok的基本使用示例

（1）Val可以将变量申明是final类型。

public   static void main(String[] args) {

    val setVar = new HashSet<String>();
    val listsVar = new   ArrayList<String>();
    val mapVar = new HashMap<String,   String>();

    //=>上面代码相当于如下：
    final Set<String> setVar2 = new   HashSet<>();
    final List<String> listsVar2 = new   ArrayList<>();
    final Map<String, String> maps2 =   new HashMap<>();

}

（2）@NonNull注解能够为方法或构造函数的参数提供非空检查。

public void notNullExample(@NonNull String string) {
    //方法内的代码
}

//=>上面代码相当于如下：

public void notNullExample(String string) {
    if (string != null) {
        //方法内的代码相当于如下：
    } else {
        throw new NullPointerException("null");
    }
}

（3）@Cleanup注解能够自动释放资源。

public   void jedisExample(String[] args) {
    try {
        @Cleanup Jedis jedis =   redisService.getJedis();
    } catch (Exception ex) {
        logger.error(“Jedis异常:”,ex)
    }

    //=>上面代码相当于如下：
    Jedis jedis= null;
    try {
        jedis = redisService.getJedis();
    } catch (Exception e) {
        logger.error(“Jedis异常:”,ex)
    } finally {
        if (jedis != null) {
            try {
                jedis.close();
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
}

（4）@Getter/@Setter注解可以针对类的属性字段自动生成Get/Set方法。

public class OrderCreateDemoReq{

    @Getter
    @Setter
    private String customerId;

    @Setter
    @Getter
    private String poolId;
    
    //其他代码……
}

//上面请求Req类的代码相当于如下：

public class OrderCreateDemoReq{
    private String customerId;    
    private String poolId;

    public String getCustomerId(){
         return customerId;
    }

    public String getPoolId(){
         return poolId;
    }

    public void setCustomerId(String customerId){
         this.customerId = customerId;
    }

    public void setPoolId(String poolId){
         this.pool = pool;
    }

}

（5）@ToString注解，为使用该注解的类生成一个toString方法，默认的toString格式为：ClassName(fieldName= fieleValue ,fieldName1=fieleValue)。

@ToString(callSuper=true,exclude="someExcludedField")
public   class Demo extends Bar {

    private boolean someBoolean = true;
    private String someStringField;
    private float someExcludedField;

}

//上面代码相当于如下：

public   class Demo extends Bar {

    private boolean someBoolean = true;
    private String someStringField;
    private float someExcludedField;
   
    @ Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Foo(super=" +   super.toString() +
            ", someBoolean=" +   someBoolean +
            ", someStringField=" +   someStringField + ")";
    }
}

（6）@EqualsAndHashCode注解，为使用该注解的类自动生成equals和hashCode方法。

@EqualsAndHashCode(exclude = {"id"}, callSuper =true)
public class LombokDemo extends Demo{
    private int id;
    private String name;
    private String gender;
}

//上面代码相当于如下：

public class LombokDemo extends Demo{

    private int id;
    private String name;
    private String gender;
    
    @Override
    public boolean equals(final Object o) {
        if (o == this) return true;
        if (o == null) return false;
        if (o.getClass() != this.getClass()) return false;
        if (!super.equals(o)) return false;
        final LombokDemo other = (LombokDemo)o;
        if (this.name == null ? other.name != null : !this.name.equals(other.name)) return false;
        if (this.gender == null ? other.gender != null : !this.gender.equals(other.gender)) return false;
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public int hashCode() {
        final int PRIME = 31;
        int result = 1;
        result = result * PRIME + super.hashCode();
        result = result * PRIME + (this.name == null ? 0 : this.name.hashCode());
        result = result * PRIME + (this.gender == null ? 0 : this.gender.hashCode());
        return result;
    }

}

(7) @NoArgsConstructor, @RequiredArgsConstructor, @AllArgsConstructor,这几个注解分别为类自动生成了无参构造器、指定参数的构造器和包含所有参数的构造器。

@RequiredArgsConstructor(staticName = "of") 
@AllArgsConstructor(access = AccessLevel.PROTECTED) 
public class ConstructorExample<T> { 

  private int x, y; 
  @NonNull private T description; 
  
  @NoArgsConstructor 
  public static class NoArgsExample { 
    @NonNull private String field; 
  } 

}

//上面代码相当于如下：
@RequiredArgsConstructor(staticName = "of") 
@AllArgsConstructor(access = AccessLevel.PROTECTED) 
public class ConstructorExample<T> { 

  private int x, y; 
  @NonNull private T description; 

  @NoArgsConstructor 
  public static class NoArgsExample { 
    @NonNull private String field; 
  } 

}

public class ConstructorExample<T> { 
  private int x, y; 
  @NonNull private T description; 

  private ConstructorExample(T description) { 
    if (description == null) throw new NullPointerException("description"); 
    this.description = description; 
  } 

  public static <T> ConstructorExample<T> of(T description) { 
    return new ConstructorExample<T>(description); 
  } 

  @java.beans.ConstructorProperties({"x", "y", "description"}) 
  protected ConstructorExample(int x, int y, T description) { 
    if (description == null) throw new NullPointerException("description"); 
    this.x = x; 
    this.y = y; 
    this.description = description; 
  } 
  
  public static class NoArgsExample { 
    @NonNull private String field;
    
    public NoArgsExample() { 
    } 
  } 
}

（8）@Data注解作用比较全，其包含注解的集合@ToString，@EqualsAndHashCode，所有字段的@Getter和所有非final字段的@Setter, @RequiredArgsConstructor。其示例代码可以参考上面几个注解的组合。

（9）@Builder注解提供了一种比较推崇的构建值对象的方式。

@Builder 
public class BuilderExample { 

  private String name; 
  private int age; 

  @Singular private Set<String> occupations; 

}

//上面代码相当于如下：

public class BuilderExample { 

  private String name; 
  private int age; 
  private Set<String> occupations; 

  BuilderExample(String name, int age, Set<String> occupations) { 
    this.name = name; 
    this.age = age; 
    this.occupations = occupations; 
  } 

  public static BuilderExampleBuilder builder() { 
    return new BuilderExampleBuilder(); 
  } 

  public static class BuilderExampleBuilder { 

    private String name; 
    private int age; 
    private java.util.ArrayList<String> occupations;    

    BuilderExampleBuilder() { 
    } 

    public BuilderExampleBuilder name(String name) { 
      this.name = name; 
      return this; 
    } 

    public BuilderExampleBuilder age(int age) { 
      this.age = age; 
      return this; 
    } 

    public BuilderExampleBuilder occupation(String occupation) { 
      if (this.occupations == null) { 
        this.occupations = new java.util.ArrayList<String>(); 
      } 
      this.occupations.add(occupation); 
      return this; 
    } 

    public BuilderExampleBuilder occupations(Collection<? extends String> occupations) { 
      if (this.occupations == null) { 
        this.occupations = new java.util.ArrayList<String>(); 
      } 
      this.occupations.addAll(occupations); 
      return this; 
    } 

    public BuilderExampleBuilder clearOccupations() { 
      if (this.occupations != null) { 
        this.occupations.clear(); 
      }
      return this; 
    } 

    public BuilderExample build() {  
      Set<String> occupations = new HashSet<>(); 
      return new BuilderExample(name, age, occupations); 
    } 

    @verride 
    public String toString() { 
      return "BuilderExample.BuilderExampleBuilder(name = " + this.name + ", age = " + this.age + ", occupations = " + this.occupations + ")"; 
    } 
  } 
}

（10）@Synchronized注解类似Java中的Synchronized 关键字，但是可以隐藏同步锁。

public class SynchronizedExample { 

 private final Object readLock = new   Object(); 

 @Synchronized 
 public static void hello() { 
     System.out.println("world");   
 } 

 @Synchronized("readLock") 
 public void foo() { 
   System.out.println("bar"); 
 } 

//上面代码相当于如下：

 public class SynchronizedExample { 

  private static final Object $LOCK = new   Object[0]; 
  private final Object readLock = new   Object(); 

  public static void hello() { 
    synchronized($LOCK) { 
      System.out.println("world"); 
    } 
  }   

  public void foo() { 
    synchronized(readLock) { 
        System.out.println("bar");   
    } 
  } 

}

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