【游戏程序设计】Direct 3D光照与材质
运行结果：
源代码：
#include <d3d9.h>
#include <d3dx9.h>
#define WINDOW_WIDTH 800
#define WINDOW_HEIGHT 600
#define WINDOW_TITLE L"Direct 3D光照与材质"
#define SAFE_RELEASE(p) { if(p) {(p)->Release(); (p) = NULL;}} //销毁指针
//---------------------------------------【全局变量声明部分】------------------------------------------------
//描述：全局变量的声明
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LPDIRECT3DDEVICE9 g_pd3dDevice; //Direct 3D设备对象
ID3DXFont* g_pFont; //字体COM接口
LPD3DXMESH g_teapot; //茶壶对象
LPD3DXMESH g_cube; //立方体对象
LPD3DXMESH g_sphere; //球体对象
LPD3DXMESH g_torus; //圆环对象
D3DXMATRIX g_WorldMatrix[4], R; //四个物体的变换矩阵
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);
HRESULT Direct3D_Init(HWND); //在这个函数中继续Direct3D的初始化
HRESULT Objects_Init(HWND); //在这个函数中进行要绘制的物体的资源初始化
void Direct3D_Render(HWND); //在这个函数中进行Direct3D渲染代码的书写
void Direct3D_ClearUp(); //在这个函数中清理COM资源以及其他资源
void Matrix_Set(); //变换函数
void Light_Set(UINT); //封装了Direct3D光照函数
//----------------------------------------【WinMain（）函数】-------------------------------------------------
//描述：Windows应用程序的入口函数
//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPreInstance, LPSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow)
{
WNDCLASSEX wndClass = {0};
wndClass.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX);
wndClass.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
wndClass.lpfnWndProc = (WNDPROC)WndProc;
wndClass.cbClsExtra = 0;
wndClass.cbWndExtra = 0;
wndClass.hInstance = hInstance;
wndClass.hIcon = (HICON)LoadImage(NULL, L"icon.ico", IMAGE_ICON, 0, 0, LR_LOADFROMFILE | LR_DEFAULTSIZE);
wndClass.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
wndClass.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)GetStockObject(GRAY_BRUSH);
wndClass.lpszMenuName = NULL;
wndClass.lpszClassName = L"3DGameBase";
if(!RegisterClassEx(&wndClass))
return -1;
HWND hWnd = CreateWindow(L"3DGameBase", WINDOW_TITLE, WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
WINDOW_WIDTH, WINDOW_HEIGHT, NULL, NULL, hInstance, NULL);
MoveWindow(hWnd, 250, 80, WINDOW_WIDTH, WINDOW_HEIGHT, true);
ShowWindow(hWnd, nCmdShow);
UpdateWindow(hWnd);
PlaySound(L"Final Fantasy XIII.wav", NULL, SND_LOOP | SND_ASYNC | SND_FILENAME);
if(FAILED(Direct3D_Init(hWnd)))
MessageBox(hWnd, L"Direct3D 初始化失败!", L"消息窗口", 0);
MSG msg = {0};
while(msg.message != WM_QUIT)
{
if(PeekMessage(&msg, 0, 0, 0, PM_REMOVE))
{
TranslateMessage(&msg);
DispatchMessage(&msg);
}
else
Direct3D_Render(hWnd);
}
UnregisterClass(L"3DGameBase", wndClass.hInstance);
return 0;
}
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
switch(message)
{
case WM_PAINT:
Direct3D_Render(hWnd);
ValidateRect(hWnd, NULL); //使窗口区域生效
break;
case WM_KEYDOWN:
if(wParam == VK_ESCAPE)
DestroyWindow(hWnd);
break;
case WM_DESTROY:
//调用自定义的资源清理函数Direct3D_ClearUp();进行退出前的资源清理
Direct3D_ClearUp();
PostQuitMessage(0);
break;
default:
return DefWindowProc(hWnd, message, wParam, lParam);
}
return 0;
}
//---------------------------------------------【Direct3D_Init（）函数】-----------------------------------------
//描述：Direct3D初始化函数，进行Direct3D的初始化
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
HRESULT Direct3D_Init(HWND hWnd)
{
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
//【Direct3D初始化步骤一】:创建Direct3D接口对象，以便用该Direct3D对象创建Direct3D设备对象
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LPDIRECT3D9 pD3D = NULL; //Direct3D接口对象的创建。
if((pD3D = Direct3DCreate9(D3D_SDK_VERSION)) == NULL) //初始化Direct3D接口对象，并进行DirectX版本协商。
return E_FAIL;
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
//【Direct3D初始化步骤二】：获取硬件设备信息
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
D3DCAPS9 caps;
int vp = 0;
if(FAILED(pD3D->GetDeviceCaps(D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT, D3DDEVTYPE_HAL, &caps)))
return E_FAIL;
if(caps.DevCaps & D3DDEVCAPS_HWTRANSFORMANDLIGHT)
vp = D3DCREATE_HARDWARE_VERTEXPROCESSING; //支持硬件顶点运算，采用硬件顶点运算
else
vp = D3DCREATE_SOFTWARE_VERTEXPROCESSING; //不支持硬件顶点运算，采用软件顶点运算
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
//【Direct3D初始化步骤三】：填充D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS结构体
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS d3dpp;
ZeroMemory(&d3dpp, sizeof(d3dpp));
d3dpp.BackBufferWidth = WINDOW_WIDTH;
d3dpp.BackBufferHeight = WINDOW_HEIGHT;
d3dpp.BackBufferFormat = D3DFMT_A8R8G8B8;
d3dpp.BackBufferCount = 1;
d3dpp.MultiSampleType = D3DMULTISAMPLE_NONE;
d3dpp.MultiSampleQuality = 0;
d3dpp.SwapEffect = D3DSWAPEFFECT_DISCARD;
d3dpp.hDeviceWindow = hWnd;
d3dpp.Windowed = true;
d3dpp.EnableAutoDepthStencil = true;
d3dpp.AutoDepthStencilFormat = D3DFMT_D24S8;
d3dpp.Flags = 0;
d3dpp.FullScreen_RefreshRateInHz = 0;
d3dpp.PresentationInterval = D3DPRESENT_INTERVAL_IMMEDIATE;
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
//【Direct3D初始化步骤四】：创建Direct3D设备接口。
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
if(FAILED(pD3D->CreateDevice(D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT, D3DDEVTYPE_HAL, hWnd, vp, &d3dpp, &g_pd3dDevice)))
return E_FAIL;
SAFE_RELEASE(pD3D); //LPDIRECT3D9接口对象的使命完成，将其释放掉
if(FAILED(Objects_Init(hWnd))) // 调用一次Objects_Init，进行渲染资源的初始化
return E_FAIL;
return S_OK;
}
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
//------------------------------------------【Objects_Init（）】函数---------------------------------------------
//描述:渲染资源初始化函数，在此函数中进行要被渲染的物体的资源的初始化
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
HRESULT Objects_Init(HWND hWnd)
{
//创建字体
if(FAILED(D3DXCreateFont(g_pd3dDevice, 72, 0, 0, 1, false, DEFAULT_CHARSET, OUT_DEFAULT_PRECIS,
DEFAULT_QUALITY, 0, TEXT("微软雅黑"), &g_pFont)))
return E_FAIL;
//创建物体
if(FAILED(D3DXCreateBox(g_pd3dDevice, 2, 2, 2, &g_cube, NULL))) //立方体的创建
return false;
if(FAILED(D3DXCreateTeapot(g_pd3dDevice, &g_teapot, NULL))) //茶壶的创建
return false;
if(FAILED(D3DXCreateSphere(g_pd3dDevice, 1.5, 25, 25, &g_sphere, NULL))) //球体的创建
return false;
if(FAILED(D3DXCreateTorus(g_pd3dDevice, 0.5f, 1.2f, 25, 25, &g_torus, NULL))) //圆环的创建
return false;
//材质的创建
D3DMATERIAL9 mtrl;
ZeroMemory(&mtrl, sizeof(mtrl));
mtrl.Ambient = D3DXCOLOR(0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f);
mtrl.Diffuse = D3DXCOLOR(0.6f, 0.6f, 0.6f, 1.0f);
mtrl.Specular = D3DXCOLOR(0.3f, 0.3f, 0.3f, 0.3f);
mtrl.Emissive = D3DXCOLOR(0.3f, 0.0f, 0.1f, 1.0f);
g_pd3dDevice->SetMaterial(&mtrl);
Matrix_Set();
//光照的设置
Light_Set(1);
g_pd3dDevice->SetRenderState(D3DRS_LIGHTING, true);
g_pd3dDevice->SetRenderState(D3DRS_NORMALIZENORMALS, true);
g_pd3dDevice->SetRenderState(D3DRS_SPECULARENABLE, true);
return S_OK;
}
void Matrix_Set()
{
D3DXMATRIX matView;
D3DXVECTOR3 vEye(0.0f, 0.0f, -15.0f);
D3DXVECTOR3 vAt(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
D3DXVECTOR3 vUp(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);
D3DXMatrixLookAtLH(&matView, &vEye, &vAt, &vUp);
g_pd3dDevice->SetTransform(D3DTS_VIEW, &matView);
D3DXMATRIX matProj;
D3DXMatrixPerspectiveFovLH(&matProj, D3DX_PI / 4.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1000.0f);
g_pd3dDevice->SetTransform(D3DTS_PROJECTION, &matProj);
D3DVIEWPORT9 vp;
vp.X = 0;
vp.Y = 0;
vp.Width = WINDOW_WIDTH;
vp.Height = WINDOW_HEIGHT;
vp.MinZ = 0.0f;
vp.MaxZ = 1.0f;
g_pd3dDevice->SetViewport(&vp);
}
//-----------------------------------------【Light_Set函数】-----------------------------------------------------
//该函数封装了光源类型及相关光源类型参数的设置
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void Light_Set(UINT nType)
{
//定义一个光照对象并初始化
static D3DLIGHT9 light;
ZeroMemory(&light, sizeof(light));
//设置光照类型
switch(nType)
{
case 1: //点光源
light.Type = D3DLIGHT_POINT;
light.Ambient = D3DXCOLOR(0.6f, 0.6f, 0.6f, 1.0f);
light.Diffuse = D3DXCOLOR(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
light.Specular = D3DXCOLOR(0.3f, 0.3f, 0.3f, 1.0f);
light.Position = D3DXVECTOR3(0.0f, 200.0f, 1.0f);
light.Attenuation0 = 1.0f; //点光源要求此参数
light.Attenuation1 = 0.0f;
light.Attenuation2 = 0.0f;
light.Range = 300.0f;
break;
case 2: //平行光
light.Type = D3DLIGHT_DIRECTIONAL;
light.Ambient = D3DXCOLOR(0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f);
light.Diffuse = D3DXCOLOR(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
light.Specular = D3DXCOLOR(0.3f, 0.3f, 0.3f, 1.0f);
light.Direction = D3DXVECTOR3(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
break;
case 3: //聚光灯
light.Type = D3DLIGHT_SPOT;
light.Ambient = D3DXCOLOR(0.3f, 0.3f, 0.3f, 1.0f);
light.Diffuse = D3DXCOLOR(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
light.Specular = D3DXCOLOR(0.3f, 0.3f, 0.3f, 0.3f);
light.Position = D3DXVECTOR3(100.0f, 100.0f, 100.0f);
light.Direction = D3DXVECTOR3(-1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f);
light.Attenuation0 = 1.0f;
light.Attenuation1 = 0.0f;
light.Attenuation2 = 0.0f;
light.Range = 300.0f;
light.Falloff = 0.1f; //控制光强如何从内锥体的外侧向外锥体的内侧减弱的
light.Phi = D3DX_PI / 3.0f;
light.Theta = D3DX_PI / 6.0f;
break;
}
g_pd3dDevice->SetLight(0, &light); //设置光源
g_pd3dDevice->LightEnable(0, true); //启用光源
g_pd3dDevice->SetRenderState(D3DRS_AMBIENT, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(36, 36, 36)); //设置环境光
}
//----------------------------------------【Direct3D_Render（）函数】--------------------------------------------
//描述：使用Direct3D进行渲染
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void Direct3D_Render(HWND hWnd)
{
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
//【Direct3D渲染步骤一】：清屏操作
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
g_pd3dDevice->Clear(0, NULL, D3DCLEAR_TARGET|D3DCLEAR_ZBUFFER, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(0,0,0), 1.0f, 0);
//定义一个矩形，用来获取主窗口矩形
RECT formatRect;
GetClientRect(hWnd, &formatRect);
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
//【Direct3D渲染步骤二】：开始绘制
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
g_pd3dDevice->BeginScene(); //开始绘制
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
//【Direct3D渲染步骤三】：正式绘制
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
if(GetAsyncKeyState('1') & 0x8000)
g_pd3dDevice->SetRenderState(D3DRS_FILLMODE, D3DFILL_SOLID);
if(GetAsyncKeyState('2') & 0x8000)
g_pd3dDevice->SetRenderState(D3DRS_FILLMODE, D3DFILL_WIREFRAME);
if(GetAsyncKeyState('A') & 0x8000) //按A键 则设置为点光源
Light_Set(1);
if(GetAsyncKeyState('W') & 0x8000) //按w键 则设置为平行光
Light_Set(2);
if(GetAsyncKeyState('E') & 0x8000) //按e键 则设置为聚光灯
Light_Set(3);
//物体的公转
D3DXMatrixRotationY(&R, timeGetTime() / 1440.0f);
//立方体的绘制
D3DXMatrixTranslation(&g_WorldMatrix[0], 3.0f, -3.0f, 0.0f);
g_WorldMatrix[0] *= R;
g_pd3dDevice->SetTransform(D3DTS_WORLD, &g_WorldMatrix[0]);
g_cube->DrawSubset(0);
//茶壶的绘制
D3DXMatrixTranslation(&g_WorldMatrix[1], -3.0f, -3.0f, 0.0f);
g_WorldMatrix[1] *= R;
g_pd3dDevice->SetTransform(D3DTS_WORLD, &g_WorldMatrix[1]);
g_teapot->DrawSubset(0);
//圆环的绘制
D3DXMatrixTranslation(&g_WorldMatrix[2], 3.0f, 3.0f, 0.0f);
g_WorldMatrix[2] *= R;
g_pd3dDevice->SetTransform(D3DTS_WORLD, &g_WorldMatrix[2]);
g_torus->DrawSubset(0);
//球体的绘制
D3DXMatrixTranslation(&g_WorldMatrix[3], -3.0f, 3.0f, 0.0f);
g_WorldMatrix[3] *= R;
g_pd3dDevice->SetTransform(D3DTS_WORLD, &g_WorldMatrix[3]);
g_sphere->DrawSubset(0);
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
//【Direct3D渲染步骤四】：结束绘制
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
g_pd3dDevice->EndScene(); //结束绘制
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
//【Direct3D渲染步骤五】：显示翻转
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
g_pd3dDevice->Present(NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL); //翻转与显示
}
//------------------------------------------------【 Direct3D_ClearUp函数】------------------------------------------
//描述：资源清理函数，在此函数中进行程序退出前资源的清理工作
//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void Direct3D_ClearUp()
{
SAFE_RELEASE(g_pd3dDevice);
//释放COM接口对象
SAFE_RELEASE(g_pFont);
SAFE_RELEASE(g_cube);
SAFE_RELEASE(g_sphere);
SAFE_RELEASE(g_torus);
SAFE_RELEASE(g_teapot);
}