9、外观模式(Facade)
9、外观模式(Facade)
外观模式是为了解决类与类之家的依赖关系的,像spring一样,可以将类和类之间的关系配置到配置文件中,而外观模式就是将他们的关系放在一个Facade类中,降低了类类之间的耦合度,该模式中没有涉及到接口,看下类图:(我们以一个计算机的启动过程为例)
我们先看下实现类:
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|
public
class CPU {
public void
startup(){
System.out.println( "cpu startup!" );
}
public void
shutdown(){
System.out.println( "cpu shutdown!" );
}
} public
class Memory {
public void
startup(){
System.out.println( "memory startup!" );
}
public void
shutdown(){
System.out.println( "memory shutdown!" );
}
} public
class Disk {
public void
startup(){
System.out.println( "disk startup!" );
}
public void
shutdown(){
System.out.println( "disk shutdown!" );
}
} public
class Computer {
private CPU cpu;
private Memory memory;
private Disk disk;
public Computer(){
cpu = new
CPU();
memory = new
Memory();
disk = new
Disk();
}
public void
startup(){
System.out.println( "start the computer!" );
cpu.startup();
memory.startup();
disk.startup();
System.out.println( "start computer finished!" );
}
public void
shutdown(){
System.out.println( "begin to close the computer!" );
cpu.shutdown();
memory.shutdown();
disk.shutdown();
System.out.println( "computer closed!" );
}
} |
User类如下:
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public
class User {
public static
void main(String[] args) {
Computer computer = new
Computer();
computer.startup();
computer.shutdown();
}
} |
输出:
start the computer!
cpu startup!
memory startup!
disk startup!
start computer finished!
begin to close the computer!
cpu shutdown!
memory shutdown!
disk shutdown!
computer closed!
如果我们没有Computer类,那么,CPU、Memory、Disk他们之间将会相互持有实例,产生关系,这样会造成严重的依赖,修改一个类,可能会带来其他类的修改,这不是我们想要看到的,有了Computer类,他们之间的关系被放在了Computer类里,这样就起到了解耦的作用,这,就是外观模式!