Spring Boot使用Future以及定义超时
一 点睛
1 什么是Future类型?
Future是对于具体的Runnable或者Callable任务的执行结果进行取消、查询是否完成、获取结果的接口。必要时可以通过get方法获取执行结果,该方法会阻塞直到任务返回结果。
它的接口定义如下:
public interface Future<V> {
boolean cancel(boolean mayInterruptIfRunning);
boolean isCancelled();
boolean isDone();
V get() throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException;
V get(long timeout, TimeUnit unit)
throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException, TimeoutException;
}
它声明这样的五个方法:
-
cancel方法用来取消任务,如果取消任务成功则返回true,如果取消任务失败则返回false。参数mayInterruptIfRunning表示是否允许取消正在执行却没有执行完毕的任务,如果设置true,则表示可以取消正在执行过程中的任务。如果任务已经完成,则无论mayInterruptIfRunning为true还是false,此方法肯定返回false,即如果取消已经完成的任务会返回false;如果任务正在执行,若mayInterruptIfRunning设置为true,则返回true,若mayInterruptIfRunning设置为false,则返回false;如果任务还没有执行,则无论mayInterruptIfRunning为true还是false,肯定返回true。
-
isCancelled方法表示任务是否被取消成功,如果在任务正常完成前被取消成功,则返回 true。
-
isDone方法表示任务是否已经完成,若任务完成,则返回true;
-
get()方法用来获取执行结果,这个方法会产生阻塞,会一直等到任务执行完毕才返回;
-
get(long timeout, TimeUnit unit)用来获取执行结果,如果在指定时间内,还没获取到结果,就直接返回null。
也就是说Future提供了三种功能:
-
判断任务是否完成
-
能够中断任务
-
能够获取任务执行结果
二 新建pom
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<version>1.16.20</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
三 新建异步任务
package com.didispace.async;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Async;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.AsyncResult;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import java.util.Random;
import java.util.concurrent.Future;
@Slf4j
@Component
public class Task {
public static Random random = new Random();
@Async("taskExecutor")
public Future<String> run() throws Exception {
long sleep = random.nextInt(10000);
log.info("开始任务,需耗时:" + sleep + "毫秒");
Thread.sleep(sleep);
log.info("完成任务");
return new AsyncResult<>("test");
}
}
四 新建启动类
package com.didispace;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.EnableAsync;
import org.springframework.scheduling.concurrent.ThreadPoolTaskExecutor;
import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;
@SpringBootApplication
public class Application {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);
}
@EnableAsync
@Configuration
class TaskPoolConfig {
@Bean("taskExecutor")
public Executor taskExecutor() {
ThreadPoolTaskExecutor executor = new ThreadPoolTaskExecutor();
executor.setCorePoolSize(10);
executor.setMaxPoolSize(20);
executor.setQueueCapacity(200);
executor.setKeepAliveSeconds(60);
executor.setThreadNamePrefix("taskExecutor-");
executor.setRejectedExecutionHandler(new ThreadPoolExecutor.CallerRunsPolicy());
return executor;
}
}
}
五 测试类
package com.didispace;
import com.didispace.async.Task;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
import java.util.concurrent.Future;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
@Slf4j
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class ApplicationTests {
@Autowired
private Task task;
@Test
public void test() throws Exception {
Future<String> futureResult = task.run();
String result = futureResult.get(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
log.info(result);
}
}
六 测试结果
1 未超时情况
2 超时情况
七 参考