如何在外部驱动器上安装和使用macOS Sierra

Ever wish you could take your Mac with you on an external drive? You can actually install macOS Sierra on an external drive, flash drive, or SD card, then use that device as your macOS system disk wherever you go. We’ll show you how to set it up.

曾经希望您可以将Mac随身携带在外部驱动器上吗？ 您实际上可以将macOS Sierra安装在外部驱动器，闪存驱动器或SD卡上，然后随处使用该设备作为macOS系统磁盘。 我们将向您展示如何进行设置。

Keep in mind, this is not the same as using an external device to install macOS, which lets you install macOS from an external USB device. The method described here actually creates a fully functioning macOS Sierra installation on an external USB device. This allows you to take a fully-fledged macOS installation with you wherever you go, for use on any Sierra-compatible Mac. Maybe you’re having problems booting into your Mac and you want to try to access the internal drive to do some troubleshooting or back up important files—this will let you do that. Or you can take it with you to work or a friend’s house while keeping all your applications and files.

请记住，这与使用外部设备安装macOS不同，后者可让您从外部USB设备安装macOS。 此处描述的方法实际上是在外部USB设备上创建功能齐全的macOS Sierra安装。 这使您无论身在何处都可以进行完整的macOS安装，以在任何与Sierra兼容的Mac上使用。 也许您在启动Mac时遇到问题，并且想要尝试访问内部驱动器以进行一些故障排除或备份重要文件，这将使您能够做到这一点。 或者，您可以随身携带它来工作或在朋友家中，同时保留所有应用程序和文件。

Of course, while these are some pretty good advantages, there are also some distinct disadvantages. For example, your storage capacity is likely to be significantly less than your normal system disk, especially if you use a flash drive.

当然，虽然这些优点相当不错，但也有一些明显的缺点。 例如，您的存储容量可能大大小于普通系统磁盘，尤其是在使用闪存驱动器的情况下。

Also, speed will be a limiting factor. You definitely want to use a USB 3.0 (or USB-C if you’re using a newer Mac) device, and even then, your system isn’t going to be nearly as snappy as your normal internal drive. So keep that in mind—you probably won’t want this to be your main macOS system.

同样，速度将是一个限制因素。 您肯定要使用USB 3.0(如果使用的是更新的Mac，则为USB-C)设备，即使那样，您的系统也不会像普通内部驱动器那样快活。 因此请记住这一点-您可能不希望这成为您的主要macOS系统。

If this still sounds useful to you, though, read on.

但是，如果这对您仍然有用，请继续阅读。

你需要什么 (What You’ll Need)

To begin, you will need two things. First, you’ll need an external storage device with a minimum capacity of at least 16 GB—though the larger the better, especially if you plan on storing lots of applications and files on this system. Again, this can be any kind of external storage—USB flash drive, USB hard drive, or even an SD card.

首先，您需要做两件事。 首先，您需要一个最小存储容量至少为16 GB的外部存储设备-尽管容量越大越好，特别是如果您计划在此系统上存储大量应用程序和文件。 同样，它可以是任何类型的外部存储设备-USB闪存驱动器，USB硬盘驱动器甚至是SD卡。

Second, you’ll need a copy of the macOS Sierra installer. You can download the Sierra installer in the App Store by searching for “macOS”. Make sure you click “Download” and let it save to your Mac’s hard drive.

其次，您需要一份macOS Sierra安装程序的副本。 您可以通过搜索“ macOS”在App Store中下载Sierra安装程序。 确保单击“下载”，然后将其保存到Mac的硬盘中。

While that downloads, you can move onto the next section and start getting your external device ready.

下载完成后，您可以进入下一部分并开始准备外部设备。

第一步：格式化外部启动盘 (Step One: Format Your External Startup Disk)

In order for your external device to function as a startup disk, it must be formatted as Mac OS Extended and employ a GUID partition map. To check what format your drive is using (and change it), you’ll need to launch your Mac’s Disk Utility. Disk Utility can be found in the Applications > Utilities folder or by searching for it using Spotlight.

为了使您的外部设备能够用作启动盘，必须将其格式化为Mac OS Extended并使用GUID分区图。 要检查驱动器使用的格式(并进行更改)，您需要启动Mac的磁盘工具。 可以在“应用程序”>“实用程序”文件夹中找到“磁盘实用程序”，或者使用Spotlight搜索它。

Once Disk Utility is running, click on your external device in the left-hand pane and check the partition map. In our case, our drive is partitioned using Master Boot Record rather than GUID. So, we definitely need to format it.

运行磁盘实用程序后，在左侧窗格中单击外部设备，然后检查分区图。 在本例中，我们的驱动器是使用主启动记录而不是GUID进行分区的。 因此，我们绝对需要对其进行格式化。

WARNING: Before proceeding, understand that formatting will obviously erase everything on your device. If there is anything you want to save, make sure you back it up first!

警告：继续操作之前，请了解格式化显然会擦除设备上的所有内容。 如果有任何要保存的内容，请确保先备份！

First, unmount the device.

首先，卸下设备。

Once the drive is unmounted, select the full disk in the left sidebar (labeled “UFD 3.0 Silicon” here)—not the sub-disk(s) under it (labeled “Untitled” here)—and click “Erase” in the top row of buttons.

卸下驱动器后，请在左侧栏中选择完整磁盘(此处标记为“ UFD 3.0 Silicon”)，而不是其下方的子磁盘(此处标记为“ Untitled”)，然后单击顶部的“ Erase”。行的按钮。

From the resulting dialog, format your device as “Mac OS Extended (Journaled)” and use the scheme “GUID Partition Map”. You can also give your device an appropriate name, if you want. Then click “Erase”.

在出现的对话框中，将设备格式化为“ Mac OS Extended(Journaled)”，并使用方案“ GUID Partition Map”。 如果需要，还可以给设备起一个适当的名称。 然后点击“删除”。

When the operation is complete, you will see the following message. Click “Done” to continue.

操作完成后，您将看到以下消息。 单击“完成”继续。

Now, you’re ready to install macOS Sierra on your external device.

现在，您准备在外部设备上安装macOS Sierra。

第二步：安装macOS Sierra (Step Two: Install macOS Sierra)

When macOS Sierra is downloaded, it is saved in your Applications folder. Double-click the installer to begin.

下载macOS Sierra后，它将保存在“应用程序”文件夹中。 双击安装程序开始。

Click “Continue” to proceed.

单击“继续”继续。

“Agree” to the software license agreement.

“同意”软件许可协议。

On the next screen, click “Show All Disks”.

在下一个屏幕上，单击“显示所有磁盘”。

Choose your newly formatted external device and click “Install”.

选择新格式化的外部设备，然后单击“安装”。

Enter your system password and hit Enter.

输入系统密码，然后按Enter。

macOS Sierra will now begin installing on your external device. Feel free to grab a cup of coffee or take a shower, because it will take a few minutes.

macOS Sierra现在将开始在您的外部设备上安装。 随意喝杯咖啡或洗澡，因为这需要几分钟。

Before macOS can complete installation, your computer will need to restart. Make sure you save any work and then click “Close Other Applications” to continue.

在macOS可以完成安装之前，您的计算机需要重新启动。 确保保存所有工作，然后单击“关闭其他应用程序”继续。

Once your Mac restarts, it will take about 15 more minutes to finish, and will then boot automatically from the new device.

Mac重新启动后，大约需要15分钟才能完成，然后从新设备自动启动。

You will then need to go through the usual macOS setup, including enabling Siri, setting up your time zone, and adding your user account.

然后，您将需要进行通常的macOS设置，包括启用Siri，设置时区以及添加用户帐户。

Once you’re done with all that, you’ll have a brand new installation of macOS Sierra on your external device.

完成所有这些操作后，您将在外部设备上全新安装macOS Sierra。

Make sure you don’t remove or eject your external device while you’re using it, since macOS will periodically need to access it.

确保您在使用外部设备时不会删除或弹出它，因为macOS会定期需要访问它。

第三步：更改启动盘 (Step Three: Change Your Startup Disk)

Now, your Mac will automatically boot to your external drive every time you start your computer—but you probably don’t want that. It will probably be pretty slow and you’re probably only going to want to use it when the situation warrants, like when you’re troubleshooting your Mac. But you don’t want it looking for that external drive every time you turn your Mac on normally.

现在，每次启动计算机时，Mac都会自动启动到外部驱动器，但您可能不希望这样做。 它可能会很慢，并且您可能只在情况允许时才想使用它，例如在对Mac进行故障排除时。 但是您不希望它在每次正常打开Mac时都在寻找该外部驱动器。

To change the startup disk back to the default internal drive, open the System Preferences from the Dock and click “Startup Disk”.

要将启动盘改回默认的内部驱动器，请从Dock中打开系统偏好设置，然后单击“启动盘”。

In order to select a different Startup Disk, you will need to click the lock in the lower-left corner.

为了选择其他启动盘，您需要单击左下角的锁。

Enter your system password to unlock the Startup Disk preferences.

输入系统密码以解锁“启动磁盘”首选项。

Choose your internal disk and then click “Restart”.

选择您的内部磁盘，然后单击“重新启动”。

A confirmation dialog will appear asking you to confirm your wishes. If you wish to continue, click “Restart”.

将出现一个确认对话框，要求您确认自己的意愿。 如果要继续，请单击“重新启动”。

Your Mac will then boot to your regular, internal drive, and will do so by default from now on.

然后，您的Mac将启动到常规的内部驱动器，并且从现在开始默认情况下会启动。

So how do you boot from your external drive when you want to troubleshoot, or when you’re away from home? Read on…

那么，当您要进行故障排除或出门在外时，如何从外部驱动器启动？ 继续阅读...

Like we said, an external macOS installation will probably be pretty slow and you’re probably only going to want to use it when the situation calls for it, such as if you’re having trouble with your internal drive or you want to use your portable macOS Sierra installation on another compatible Mac.

就像我们说的那样，外部macOS安装可能会非常慢，并且您可能只在情况需要时才要使用它，例如，如果您的内部驱动器有问题，或者您想使用在另一台兼容Mac上安装可移植macOS Sierra。

如何从外部macOS安装引导 (How to Boot From Your External macOS Installation)

So let’s say you start having trouble with your internal drive, and want to troubleshoot it. Or maybe you want to use your portable macOS installation on another compatible Mac.

因此，假设您开始对内部驱动器遇到麻烦，并希望对其进行故障排除。 或者，也许您想在另一台兼容Mac上使用便携式macOS安装。

To boot from your external Sierra drive, plug it into the Mac in question, press the power button, and hold the “Option key until the recovery disk screen appears. From there, you can select your external drive and click the arrow to boot into it for that session.

要从外部Sierra驱动器启动，请将其插入有问题的Mac，按电源按钮，然后按住“ Option”键，直到出现恢复磁盘屏幕。 从那里，您可以选择您的外部驱动器，然后单击箭头以启动该会话。

You’ll boot into your macOS Sierra installation where you can use it as normal. The next time you restart that Mac, it will boot to main, internal hard drive as normal. (Or you can hold Option and boot to the external drive again, if needed.)

您将启动到macOS Sierra安装，您可以在其中正常使用它。 下次重新启动该Mac时，它将正常启动到主内置硬盘驱动器。 (或者，如果需要，您可以按住Option并再次启动到外部驱动器。)

That’s all there is to it. The whole process should take less than an hour, and once completed, you will have an untouched macOS installation on an external device that you can use in case of emergencies or just for fun.

这里的所有都是它的。 整个过程需要不到一个小时的时间，一旦完成，您将在外部设备上进行未经修改的macOS安装，以备不时之需或用于娱乐。

Furthermore, you should be able to boot your portable macOS installation on any Sierra-compatible Mac, meaning you can carry your own personalized Mac desktop with you wherever you go.

此外，您应该能够在任何兼容Sierra的Mac上启动便携式macOS安装，这意味着无论您身在何处，都可以随身携带自己的个性化Mac桌面。

翻译自: https://www.howtogeek.com/293476/how-to-install-and-use-macos-sierra-on-an-external-drive/