骇客入门_骇客技巧入门指南–第1部分：基础知识
骇客入门
Macs. The finest computers made by Apple, known for their simplicity and style, their Operating System, and their price. If Mac OS X is all you’re craving for, read and find out how to install it on your custom-built computer!
Macs。 苹果公司生产的最好的计算机，以其简洁，样式，操作系统和价格而著称。 如果您只想使用Mac OS X，请阅读并了解如何在定制计算机上安装它！
This three-part article series was written by one of our favorite readers, often known in the comments by his screen name, Hatryst. Stay tuned this week for the rest of the series, including how to install OS X, and how to upgrade from Leopard to Lion.
这个由三部分组成的文章系列是由我们最喜欢的读者之一撰写的，通常在他的屏幕名称Hatryst的评论中广为人知。 请继续关注本系列的其余部分，包括如何安装OS X，以及如何从Leopard升级到Lion。
为什么选择Hackintoshing？ (Why Hackintoshing?)
There are two factors that may inspire someone to buy a Mac: The design, and the Operating System. Even if you’re concerned with the OS only, you still need to spend a lot. Most PC users will admit the fact that a Mac is better at doing some particular tasks, and all the credit goes to Mac OS. But getting a Mac isn’t as easy as it sounds. As of today, the cheapest Mac (Mac mini) starts from $599, and there isn’t much you can do with it, while the most powerful and upgradable Mac (Mac Pro) starts from $2499. Someone might ask, isn’t it possible to purchase a Mac OS X install disc, and install it on a regular PC just like you would on a Mac? The easy answer would be NO. The difficult answer is YES, with a couple of modifications. If you need just the OS to work on, and you don’t want to spend a lot of money buying a Mac, you can build one for yourself that’s just as powerful and effective as a real Mac. And also on the positive side, it is fully upgradable, and you might get it built for half the price or even lower, with all the specs that you want.
可能会激发人们购买Mac的两个因素：设计和操作系统。 即使只关心操作系统，您仍然需要花费很多。 大多数PC用户都会承认Mac可以更好地完成某些特定任务，而这一切归功于Mac OS。 但是，购买Mac并非听起来那么容易。 到目前为止，最便宜的Mac(Mac mini)起价为599美元，您可以用的钱不多，而功能最强大且可升级的Mac(Mac Pro)起价为2499美元。 可能有人会问，是否可以购买Mac OS X安装光盘，然后像在Mac上那样将其安装在普通PC上？ 简单的答案是“否”。 困难的答案是“是”，但进行了一些修改。 如果您只需要操作系统，而又不想花很多钱购买Mac，则可以为自己构建一款与真正的Mac一样强大和有效的软件。 从积极的方面来说，它可以完全升级，并且您可以以所需的所有规格以一半的价格甚至更低的价格构建它。
Such a custom-built PC running Mac OS X is called a Hackint0sh (Hacked Macintosh = Hackint0sh), and this process is known as Building a ‘Hackint0sh’ or a ‘CustoMac’. In short, hackintoshing is all about building a PC with some specific hardware, and using a special method to install Mac OS X on it. This has been going on for quite a while now by the name of Project OSx86 (Mac OSX + X86 architecture = OSx86). Now that Mac OS X Lion is out, we’ve decided to put together some guidelines for YOU to try it out, without spending too much. A requirement from Apple (as of today) is that you must have Mac OS X Snow Leopard (10.6.8) running, in order to upgrade to Lion. Apple is also shipping Lion on USB thumb drives, but installation from a USB isn’t much different. In the future, there might be a newer and direct guide for installation of Lion on a PC, but we will have to wait for that. This article covers all the basic concepts you need to know in order to understand hackintoshing.
这种运行Mac OS X的定制PC称为Hackint0sh (Hacked Macintosh = Hackint0sh)，此过程称为“ Hackint0sh”或“ CustoMac”。 简而言之， hackintoshing就是用特定的硬件构建PC，并使用一种特殊的方法在其上安装Mac OSX。 现在，以Project OSx86 (Mac OSX + X86体系结构= OSx86)的名称进行了相当长的时间。 既然Mac OS X Lion已经推出，我们已经决定为您试用一些指南，而无需花费太多。 Apple的要求(截至今天)是必须运行Mac OS X Snow Leopard(10.6.8)才能升级到Lion。 苹果还通过USB拇指驱动器交付了Lion，但是从USB进行安装没有太大区别。 将来，可能会有更新的直接指南在PC上安装Lion，但是我们将不得不等待。 本文介绍了您需要了解的所有基本概念才能理解hackintoshing。
However, one thing is worth mentioning here. If your work or means of earning depends solely on a Mac, it is recommended to get a real Mac, because it will be more reliable and hassle-free. With a Hackintosh, you will run into problems every once in a while, no matter how perfect it is. It is more of a hobby and a fun project now, rather than a serious business. So remember, Hackintosh is NOT a replacement for a real Mac.
但是，这里值得一提。 如果您的工作或收入手段仅取决于Mac，建议您购买一台真正的Mac，因为它将更可靠，更轻松。 使用Hackintosh，无论它多么完美，都会不时遇到问题。 现在，它更多是一个业余爱好和有趣的项目，而不是严肃的工作。 所以请记住，Hackintosh的是不是一个真正的Mac的替代品。
怎么运行的 (How it Works)
As mentioned earlier, the process of installing OS X on regular PCs isn’t new. It all started when Apple announced its support for Intel based processors. Programmers and hackers dug deep into Mac OS X installation DVD, modified it, and created a patched version which could be installed on a PC as easily as possible. You just need to boot from the disc, run the setup, and voila. Several distributions (distros) of these patched versions are still available over the web. But Since Mac OS X is licensed software, this method was soon realized to be illegitimate. If you’re able to download the Mac operating system for free, it clearly counts as piracy. So we won’t be talking about that. Here’s what we are going to do. We will be buying a Mac OS X Snow Leopard install disc (from an Apple store, if you can still get it, or from Amazon), making your PC recognize the install disc, installing Mac OS X Snow Leopard on the PC, and finally we will be upgrading to OS X Lion and enabling full functionality of the system afterwards. Of course, there are questions regarding the legality of this method as well, since Apple doesn’t appreciate installing Mac OS on non-Apple hardware. But it is better than the other pirated, illegitimate methods. And this is called the TonyMacX86 method. Now we will be describing the basics of how it all works and everything you need to know before getting started.
如前所述，在普通PC上安装OS X的过程并不新鲜。 当Apple宣布支持基于Intel的处理器时，一切就开始了。 程序员和黑客深入研究了Mac OS X安装DVD，对其进行了修改，并创建了补丁版本，可以尽可能轻松地将其安装在PC上。 您只需要从光盘启动，运行安装程序，然后瞧。 这些修补程序版本的多个发行版(发行版)仍可通过Web获得。 但是由于Mac OS X是许可软件，因此很快意识到这种方法是非法的。 如果您能够免费下载Mac操作系统，则显然算作盗版。 因此，我们不会在此谈论。 这就是我们要做的。 我们将购买Mac OS X Snow Leopard安装光盘(如果可以，请从Apple商店购买，或从Amazon购买)，使您的PC识别安装光盘，在PC上安装Mac OS X Snow Leopard，最后我们将升级到OS X Lion，然后再启用系统的全部功能。 当然，对于这种方法的合法性也存在疑问，因为苹果不喜欢在非Apple硬件上安装Mac OS。 但这比其他盗版，非法方法要好。 这就是所谓的TonyMacX86方法。 现在，我们将描述一切的基本原理以及在开始之前需要了解的所有内容。
硬体 (The Hardware)
由于Mac OS X仅设计用于Apple制造的硬件，因此存在两个限制。 您不能只是继续构建PC并开始该过程。 停止。 您需要先做一些研究。 如果您是第一次构建PC，请务必查看我们的“如何构建自己的PC的极客指南” 。 有些硬件组件可以在OS X上本地运行，而有些则不能。 您需要一台具有与Mac OS X最兼容的部件的计算机。问题是，什么兼容，什么不兼容。 有多个可用的构建选项，甚至包括与Sandy Bridge兼容的构建选项，并且有很多选项可供选择。 实际上，这里有一些经过预先测试的内部版本，您可以选择其中之一以避免研究的麻烦。 但是，当然，如果要完全定制它，请查看兼容的硬件数据库Wiki，然后选择最适合您的需求的硬件组件。 甚至更多，您可以在此处查看完整的构建以及有关如何使人们充分发挥作用的指南。 简而言之，最兼容的OSx86硬件包括Intel处理器(Core2及更高版本，Core i3 / i5 / i7)，兼容主板(最好是DSDT可用的主板，请继续阅读以作进一步说明)，所有P55和H55主板都应有完美地工作。 以及经过测试可以正常工作的图形卡。 通常建议(更好)将OS X安装在单独的硬盘驱动器上。 这使得双重引导更加容易。
So now you know something regarding what’s compatible and what’s not. But here’s a word of caution. No matter how carefully you choose your hardware, you’ll eventually run into problems like enabling audio, getting full graphics acceleration and stuff like that. And once you upgrade to Lion, you’ll probably face these problems again. This is normal, and will be tackled easily once you get to know the basics.
因此，现在您知道一些有关什么兼容和什么不兼容的知识。 但这是一个警告。 无论您如何谨慎选择硬件，最终都会遇到诸如启用音频，获得完整的图形加速之类的问题。 一旦升级到Lion，您可能会再次遇到这些问题。 这是正常现象，一旦您了解基本知识即可轻松解决。
Once you’ve got your hardware selected, you need to know how the process works. You can’t just go on, following each step and installing. You should know how to get out of a problem that might arise when you’re following the procedure. If you need help, go ahead, and post it on the tonymacx86 forums.
选择硬件后，您需要了解该过程的工作方式。 您不能只是继续执行每个步骤并进行安装。 您应该知道如何避免执行此过程时可能出现的问题。 如果您需要帮助，请继续，并将其发布在tonymacx86论坛上。
The method we are going to use is called iBoot+MultiBeast. If you need to see a video demonstration of how it is done, our friends over at Lifehacker have put together an excellent walkthrough. So go ahead, and check it out as well. Before getting started with it, let’s have a detailed look at the things we have mentioned so far, about the stuff coming ahead, and some FAQs that beginners always ask.
我们将使用的方法称为iBoot + MultiBeast 。 如果您需要观看有关其操作方法的视频演示， Lifehacker的朋友们将为您提供出色的演练。 因此，请继续进行检查。 在开始使用它之前，让我们详细看一下到目前为止我们提到的内容，有关即将出现的内容以及一些初学者经常问到的常见问题。
一些常用术语 (Some commonly used terms)
iBoot: Your PC is not able to accept or read the Mac OS filesystem natively. iBoot is a small utility that gets your computer ready to accept the Mac OS X install disc. It has to be burned on a disc, and you need to boot your computer from it before you can start installing Mac OS X. iBoot is a creation of tonymacx86, and available from their downloads section.
iBoot：您的PC无法本地接受或读取Mac OS文件系统。 iBoot是一个小型实用程序，可让您的计算机准备好接受Mac OS X安装光盘。 它必须刻录在光盘上，并且您需要从中启动计算机，然后才能开始安装Mac OSX。iBoot是tonymacx86的创建，可以从其下载部分获得。
Chameleon/Chimera Bootloader: The bootloader that will greet you and show you the choices of Operating Systems when you turn on your hackintosh. This will be installed using MultiBeast.
Chameleon / Chimera Bootloader：启动hackintosh时会打招呼并向您显示操作系统选择的引导程序。 这将使用MultiBeast安装。
MultiBeast: After installing Mac OS X, you might experience several problems, like not being able to change the screen resolution, or the audio devices not being recognized. This is because the OS is unable to find proper ‘kexts’ for these devices. MultiBeast allows you to install the kexts required for display, audio, ethernet, etc. Apart from that, since you already know that Mac OS filesystem cannot be read natively by your computer, so the iBoot disc will always be required to boot into Mac OS. To get rid of that, MultiBeast is used. It puts a bootloader in your OS X hard drive, which has the same functionality as iBoot. Hence, you won’t need iBoot anymore. MultiBeast is also available from downloads section of tonymacx86 website.
MultiBeast：安装Mac OS X之后，您可能会遇到一些问题，例如无法更改屏幕分辨率或无法识别音频设备。 这是因为操作系统无法为这些设备找到合适的“扩展程序”。 MultiBeast允许您安装显示，音频，以太网等所需的kext。此外，由于您已经知道计算机本身无法读取Mac OS文件系统，因此始终需要iBoot光盘才能引导进入Mac OS 。 为了摆脱这一点，使用了MultiBeast。 它将引导加载程序放入OS X硬盘驱动器中，该驱动程序具有与iBoot相同的功能。 因此，您将不再需要iBoot。 也可以从tonymacx86网站的下载部分获得MultiBeast。
Kext: In simple words, kext is to a Mac what a driver is to Windows. It is required for ensuring full functionality of your onboard devices and peripherals. Kexts can be installed manually, and several important kexts can be found in MultiBeast as well. You just need to know which ones you need to use. And you’ll get to know about that in the next part of this guide.
Kext：简单来说，对于Mac，kext相当于Windows的驱动程序。 这是确保板载设备和外围设备的全部功能所必需的。 可以手动安装Kexts，在MultiBeast中也可以找到几个重要的Kext。 您只需要知道需要使用哪些。 您将在本指南的下一部分中对此有所了解。
DSDT: DSDT is an interface between your motherboard’s BIOS and the Mac OS, and in most cases, it enables the OS to identify and recognize your onboard devices. In this way, you probably won’t need to install kexts for each of them. Also, the presence of a DSDT solves problems related to Sleep, Shutdown, Startup, etc. That’s why it was mentioned in the hardware section to get a motherboard whose DSDT is available. That makes things a lot easier. Otherwise, you would have to look for proper kexts and install them manually.
DSDT： DSDT是主板BIOS和Mac OS之间的接口，在大多数情况下，它使OS能够识别和识别您的板载设备。 这样，您可能不需要为每个安装kext。 此外，DSDT的存在还解决了与睡眠，关机，启动等有关的问题。这就是为什么在硬件部分中提到了DSDT以获得其DSDT可用的主板的原因。 这使事情变得容易得多。 否则，您将必须寻找合适的kext并手动安装它们。
xMove: The mandatory tool for installing Mac OS X Lion over/alongside your current Snow Leopard installation. More about Xmove will be explained later.
xMove：在当前Snow Leopard安装上方/旁边安装Mac OS X Lion的必需工具。 有关Xmove的更多信息将在后面说明。
More detailed information about these and several other less used terms can be found here.
有关这些术语以及其他一些较少使用的术语的更多详细信息，请参见此处。
经常问的问题 (Frequently Asked Questions)
Where can I find a database of confirmed compatible hardware?
在哪里可以找到已确认兼容硬件的数据库？
You can find compatible hardware information by having a look at the Builds, Compatible Hardware Wiki, and User Builds on tonymacx86 forums. Be sure to have a look at Guides for Snow Leopard and Guides for Lion. Remember the logic: A build that can run Lion is surely capable of running Snow Leopard.
您可以通过在tonymacx86论坛上查看Builds ， Compatible Hardware Wiki和User Builds来找到兼容的硬件信息。 一定要看看《雪豹指南》和《狮子指南》 。 记住逻辑：可以运行Lion的构建肯定可以运行Snow Leopard。
Is my hardware compatible?
我的硬件兼容吗？
Make sure you know what hardware you have. If you don’t know, use a utility like CPU-Z or Speccy to find out what hardware you have in your PC. Then, search for each component in the hardware wiki, in the tonymac86 forums, and on the web as well. You will find out soon if it is compatible or not. You might consider posting your own build in the Buying Advice section of tonymacx86 forums, and the community users will be there for help and suggestions. Finally, Lifehacker has put up a guide on choosing the most compatible hardware for your hackintosh, a must read for those looking to build a hackintosh.
确保您知道所拥有的硬件。 如果您不知道，请使用诸如CPU-Z或Speccy之类的实用程序来查找PC中拥有的硬件。 然后，在硬件Wiki中，tonymac86论坛中以及在网络上搜索每个组件。 您很快就会发现它是否兼容。 您可以考虑在tonymacx86论坛的“购买建议”部分中发布自己的构建，社区用户将在那里寻求帮助和建议。 最后， Lifehacker提出了有关为您的hackintosh选择最兼容的硬件的指南，对于那些希望构建hackintosh的人来说必须读一读。
I have an AMD processor, will I be able to use tonymacx86 method?
我有AMD处理器，可以使用tonymacx86方法吗？
Nope. Apple ONLY supports Intel based processors, so does this method.
不。 Apple仅支持基于Intel的处理器，这种方法也是如此。
I need more information, I have some more questions
我需要更多信息，还有其他问题
Head over to tonymacx86 forums, create an account, and you may ask your question there.
前往tonymacx86论坛，创建一个帐户，然后您可以在此处提出问题。
Finally, stay tuned for part 2 of this guide, where we will discuss the installation of Mac OS X Snow Leopard (prerequisite to OS X Lion, as long as another easy guide isn’t available for the purpose) and tweaking the install. In Part 3, we will try to upgrade it to the latest version, i.e. Mac OS X Lion, and try out basic dual-booting as well. Our goal is to give you a starting point for building a hackintosh, and you’re on your way then. If you’re ready to walk along and make yourself a CustoMac, make sure to have compatible hardware at hand, a copy of Mac OS X Snow Leopard install DVD, iBoot and MultiBeast from tonymacx86 downloads section, and most importantly, patience and tolerance!
最后，请继续关注本指南的第2部分，我们将在此讨论Mac OS X Snow Leopard的安装(只要没有其他简易指南即可使用，这是OS X Lion的先决条件)并调整安装。 在第3部分中，我们将尝试将其升级到最新版本，即Mac OS X Lion，并尝试基本的双重引导。 我们的目标是为您提供构建hackintosh的起点，然后您就可以开始了。 如果您准备好自己学习CustoMac，请确保拥有兼容的硬件，并从tonymacx86下载部分下载Mac OS X Snow Leopard安装DVD，iBoot和MultiBeast，最重要的是耐心和宽容！
Title image modified from “Computer” image, via Wikimedia Commons. “Customac” image courtesy of tonymacx86.
通过Wikimedia Commons从“计算机”图像修改了标题图像。 “ Customac”图片由tonymacx86提供。
翻译自: https://www.howtogeek.com/72417/the-how-to-geek-guide-to-hackintoshing-part-1-the-basics/
骇客入门