1.安装，开启服务

yum install mariadb-server -y                                                                  ##安装mariadb服务
systemctl start mariadb                                                                           ##启动服务
mysql                                                                                                         ##执行命令

2.屏蔽mysql的入口

为了安全性，库的端口不能被随意捕捉到，所要要屏蔽，

netstat -antple | grep mysql                                                          ##检测监听端口

vim /etc/my.cnf                                                                               ##编辑文件设置检测时略过mysql，监听端口就不会查到mysql的端口
skip-networking=1

syetmctl restart mariadb                                                               ##重启服务
netstat -antple | grep mysql                                                          ##修改后检查可以观察到没有mysql的端口

mysql_secure_installation                                                           ##第一次安装mysql以后通过这条命令可以对mysql进行设置

eg：mysql -uroot -p
        Enter password: redhat

        mysql -uroot -predhat                                                                  ##从本机登录mysql数据库
        mysql -uroot -p

mysqladmin -uroot -predhat password westos                               ##修改本地mysql root密码
mysqladmin -uroot -predhat -h 192.168.0.188 password westos  ##修改远程用户密码

3.数据库的管理

当超级用户密码忘记时：
systemctl stop mysql
mysqld_safe –skip-grant-tables &
mysql
update mysql.user set Password=‘123’ where User=’root’;                                                       ##明文修改密码

update mysql.user set Password=password(‘123’) where User=’root’;                                   ##加密方式修改

ps aux | grep mysql                                                           ##查看进程

kill -9 mysql的所有进程id                                                 ##关闭关于mysql的进程

systemctl start mariadb                                                    ##启动服务就可以使用新密码进入了

4.数据库的管理

*)建立
SHOW DATABASES;                                                                ##列出库

CREATE DATABASE vivian;                                                  ##建立库

USE vivian;                                                                                                       ##进入库

CREATE TABLE linux(                                                                                   ##建立表，表名设为linuxtest
-> username varchar(50) not null,
-> password varchar(50) noy null
-> );
SHOW TABLES;                                                                                           ##查看表

DESC linux;                                                                                                      ##查看表结构

INSERT INTO linuxtest VALUES (‘sh’,’612’);                                                    ##插入数据到linuxtest表中
SELECT * FROM linuxtest;                                                                                 ##查询所有字段在linuxtest表中

SELECT username from linuxtest;                                                         ##查询指定字段在linux表中

*)更改
UPDATE linuxtest SET password=(‘0612’) WHERE username=’sh’;                      ##更改‘sh’的密码为‘0612‘

ALTER TABLE linuxtest ADD age varchar(5);                                                         ##为‘sh’加上‘age’这一列信息

ALTER TABLE linuxtest DROP age;                                                                 ##删除age列

ALTER TABLE linuxtest ADD class varchar(10) AFTER username;                            ##给表中加入‘class’列并位于username后

ALTER TABLE linuxtest RENAME test;                                                                  ##将linuxtest表重命名为test；

*)删除
DELETE FROM test WHERE username=’sh’;                                        ##删除表中基于username=‘sh’的一切信息

DROP TABLE redhat;                                                                                        ##删除表test;

DROP DATABASE westos;

*)用户授权
CREATE USER [email protected]’localhost’ identified by ‘0417’;                      ##建立本地用户caesar，密码为0417
SELECT USER FROM mysql.user                                                            ##显示用户

GRANT SELECT,INSERT on vivian.* TO [email protected];     ##将表vivian中所有内容的查看，插入权限给本地用户caesar
SHOW GRANTS FOR [email protected];                                    ##显示权限

REVOKE INSERT ON westos.* FROM [email protected];                                          ##移除权限

5数据库的备份

mysqldump -uroot -pwestos westos > /mnt/westos.sql                       ##将westos数据备份到/mnt/westos.sql下（带表格数据）
mysqldump -uroot -pwestos westos –no-data                                     ##显示westos数据（不带表格数据）
mysqldump -uroot -pwestos –all-database                                         ##显示所有数据（带表格数据）
mysqldump -uroot -pwestos –all-database –no-data                        ##显示所有数据（不带表格数据）

恢复方式1
mysql -e “CREATE DATABASE westos;”                                           ##建立westos表格；
mysql westos < /mnt/westos.sql                                                           ##将备份的数据传到westos表格中去；

恢复方式2
vim /mnt/westos.sql                                                                       ##修改配置文件
CREATE DATABASE westos;
USE westos;
mysql -uroot -pwestos < /mnt/westos.sql                                   ##恢复命令