搭建一个DNS服务器35秒那么DHCP服务器呢.9秒就足可以了

一个公司有大量的主机时一个一个的配置IP子网DNS.还不得配到吐血.有了DHCP服务器出现就可以迎刃而解了,.它可以动态分配IP.大大减少了管理员的工作量,而且能避免IP的冲突,并且节约IP(当IP不够用时).但是现在你拉一条线人电信就给你配好了DHCP. 或者说我直接买个猫里面就有DHCP功能. 还用自己搭建吗??,

如果有多个部门的话.而且每个部门的网段都不能一样,这时用DHCP服务器就可以大显身手了,这里单网段的DHCP服务器和多网段的DHCP服务器都搞定.

废话不多说,开始搭建.

这个单网段的DHCP服务器我就不用拓扑图了

简单画了个多网段的DHCP服务器拓扑:

搭建单网段的DHCP服务器:

说明一点:DHCP服务器linux和windows下还不一样.分配IP的时候windows下是由小到大分配.而linux下是由大到小分配的

这里提供脚本绝对可行。执行完你的DHCP服务器就可以说OK了

#!/bin/bash

mkdir /mafei

mount /dev/cdrom /mafei

cd /mafei/Server

rpm -ivh dhcp-3.0.5-3.el5.i386.rpm

cp /usr/share/doc/dhcp-3.0.5/dhcpd.conf.sample /etc/dhcpd.conf << MAFEI

MAFEI

vi /etc/dhcpd.conf << MAFEIFEI

:%s/192.168.0.0/192.168.142.0/g

:%s/192.168.0.128 192.168.0.254/192.168.142.129 192.168.142.254/g

:%s/192.168.0.1/192.168.142.127/g

:%s/192.168.1.1/192.168.142.128/g

:wq

MAFEIFEI

service dhcpd restart

chkconfig –level 35 dhcpd on

下面提供具体操作过程

创建目录将光盘挂载到指定目录下在进行dhcp软件包的安装

[[email protected] ~]# mkdir /mafei

[[email protected] ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mafei

mount: block device /dev/cdrom is write-protected, mounting read-only

[[email protected] Server]# rpm -ivh dhcp-3.0.5-3.el5.i386.rpm

warning: dhcp-3.0.5-3.el5.i386.rpm: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 37017186

Preparing... ########################################### [100%]

1:dhcp ########################################### [100%]

用模板将原文件覆盖掉然后修改模板文件

要做多个网的话必须在原来DHCP服务器上添加一个要发布的网段，

[[email protected] Server]# cp /usr/share/doc/dhcp-3.0.5/dhcpd.conf.sample /etc/dhcpd.conf

cp：是否覆盖“/etc/dhcpd.conf”? y

[[email protected] Server]# vi /etc/dhcpd.conf

ddns-update-style none; //关闭动态DNS更新模式

ignore client-updates;

subnet 192.168.142.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 { //要发布的网段（第一个要和自己一个网段否则会出错得）

# --- default gateway

option routers 192.168.142.127; //要指定的网关

option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0; //网关子网掩码

option nis-domain "domain.org";

option domain-name "domain.org"; //默认搜索区域

option domain-name-servers 192.168.142.128; //DNS服务器的IP

option time-offset -18000; # Eastern Standard Time

# option ntp-servers 192.168.142.128;

# option netbios-name-servers 192.168.142.128;

# --- Selects point-to-point node (default is hybrid). Don't change this unless

# -- you understand Netbios very well

# option netbios-node-type 2;

range dynamic-bootp 192.168.142.129 192.168.142.254; //要分布的IP地址范围

default-lease-time 21600; //默认租约时间

max-lease-time 43200; //最大租约时间

# we want the nameserver to appear at a fixed address

host ns { //为某个客户机指定特定IP (ns为自定义名称,.在本文件中唯一存在)

next-server marvin.redhat.com;

hardware ethernet 12:34:56:78:AB:CD; //绑定的客户机max地址

fixed-address 207.175.42.254; //为客户机分配的IP地址

}

subnet 1.1.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {

option routers 1.1.1.1;

option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;

range dynamic-bootp 1.1.1.3 1.1.1.222;

default-lease-time 21600;

max-lease-time 43200;

}

启动DHCP服务使服务器开始运行。

[[email protected] ~]# service dhcpd restart

关闭 dhcpd： [失败]

启动 dhcpd： [确定]

默认还是不要指了指了还容易出错所以推荐不要做任何配置如果做dhcp中继的话必须指

[[email protected] ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/dhcpd

# Command line options here

DHCPDARGS=

在客户机上先试一下能不能获取到IP 能的话再做中继不然连DHCP服务器都没搭出来后面也不用做了

还是老规矩先随便给同一网段的IP看是否能ping通，别犯低级错误。

搭建多网段的DHCP服务器

其实比DHCP服务器的搭建多了一步就是在DHCP主配置文件中后面添加一个要指派的网段（这个网段必须和DHCP中继服务器上的另一个网卡在一个网段啊）

其实就是拷贝一下模板将原来的文件覆盖掉然后再进行修改就行了必要的时候指定一下使用哪个接口就搞定了

注意一点:DHCP服务器的网关必须指向DHCP中继服务器的IP否则会获取不到IP的

同样提供脚本一步搞定.连ip也OK了

#!/bin/bash

LOCALIP=192.168.142.128

NETMASK=255.255.255.0

DHCPIP1=192.168.142.0

DHCPIP2=192.168.1.0

DHCPIP3=192.168.2.0

DHCPIPRANGE="192.168.142.130 192.168.142.254"

DHCPIPRANGE2="192.168.1.5 192.168.1.253"

DHCPIPRANGE3="192.168.2.5 192.168.2.253"

DHCPROUTE=192.168.142.127

DHCPROUTE2=192.168.1.1

DHCPROUTE3=192.168.2.1

DNSIP=192.168.142.128

DNSNAME=www.mafei.com

NETMASK=255.255.255.0

ETH0=/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0

echo "# Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] 79c970 [PCnet32 LANCE]" > $ETH0

echo "DEVICE=eth0" >> $ETH0

echo "ONBOOT=yes" >> $ETH0

echo "TYPE=Ethernet" >> $ETH0

echo "IPADDR=$LOCALIP" >> $ETH0

echo "NETMASK=$NETMASK" >> $ETH0

echo "GATEWAY=$DHCPROUTE" >> $ETH0

service network restart

mkdir /mafei

mount /dev/cdrom /mafei

cd /mafei/Server

rpm -ivh /mafei/Server/dhcp-3.0.5-3.el5.i386.rpm

cp /usr/share/doc/dhcp-3.0.5/dhcpd.conf.sample /etc/dhcpd.conf << MAFEI

MAFEI

vi /etc/dhcpd.conf << MYMAFEI

:%s/ddns-update-style interim/ddns-update-style none

:%s/subnet 192.168.0.0 netmask 255.255.255.0/subnet $DHCPIP1 netmask 255.255.255.0

:%s/192.168.0.1;/$DHCPROUTE;

:%s/range dynamic-bootp 192.168.0.128 192.168.0.254;/range dynamic-bootp $DHCPIPRANGE;

:wq!

MYMAFEI

service dhcpd restart

echo "subnet $DHCPIP2 netmask 255.255.255.0 {" >> /etc/dhcpd.conf

echo " option routers $DHCPROUTE2;" >> /etc/dhcpd.conf

echo " option subnet-mask $NETMASK;" >> /etc/dhcpd.conf

echo "# option nis-domain "$DNSNAME";" >> /etc/dhcpd.conf

echo "# option domain-name "$DNSNAME";" >> /etc/dhcpd.conf

echo "# option domain-name-servers $DNSIP;" >> /etc/dhcpd.conf

echo " range dynamic-bootp $DHCPIPRANGE2;" >> /etc/dhcpd.conf

echo " default-lease-time 21600;" >> /etc/dhcpd.conf

echo " max-lease-time 43200;" >> /etc/dhcpd.conf

echo "}" >> /etc/dhcpd.conf

service dhcpd restart

echo "subnet $DHCPIP3 netmask 255.255.255.0 {" >> /etc/dhcpd.conf

echo " option routers $DHCPROUTE3;" >> /etc/dhcpd.conf

echo " option subnet-mask $NETMASK;" >> /etc/dhcpd.conf

echo "# option nis-domain "$DNSNAME";" >> /etc/dhcpd.conf

echo "# option domain-name "$DNSNAME";" >> /etc/dhcpd.conf

echo "# option domain-name-servers $DNSIP;" >> /etc/dhcpd.conf

echo " range dynamic-bootp $DHCPIPRANGE3;" >> /etc/dhcpd.conf

echo " default-lease-time 21600;" >> /etc/dhcpd.conf

echo " max-lease-time 43200;" >> /etc/dhcpd.conf

echo "}" >> /etc/dhcpd.conf

service dhcpd restart

chkconfig --level 35 dhcpd on

DHCP中继服务器的搭建

在中继服务器上做的配置：

1. 开启服务器的路由转发功能

编辑“/etc/dhcpd.conf”将net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0改为net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1开启路由功能，并执行sysctl –p 命令使配置生效

[[email protected] Server]# vi /etc/sysctl.conf

net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1

[[email protected] Server]# sysctl -p

net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1

net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 1

net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0

kernel.sysrq = 0

kernel.core_uses_pid = 1

net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1

kernel.msgmnb = 65536

kernel.msgmax = 65536

kernel.shmmax = 4294967295

kernel.shmall = 268435456

如果没有这个文件的话不用慌，那是你DHCP软件包没安装上。再安一遍就搞定了

[[email protected] Server]# vi /etc/sysconfig/dhcrelay

# Command line options here

INTERFACES="eth0 eth1 eth2"

DHCPSERVERS="192.168.142.127"

[[email protected] Server]# service dhcrelay restart

Shutting down dhcrelay: [FAILED]

Starting dhcrelay: Internet Systems Consortium DHCP Relay Agent V3.0.5-RedHat

For info, please visit http://www.isc.org/sw/dhcp/

Listening on LPF/eth1/00:0c:29:c1:ef:89

Sending on LPF/eth1/00:0c:29:c1:ef:89

Listening on LPF/eth0/00:0c:29:c1:ef:7f

Sending on LPF/eth0/00:0c:29:c1:ef:7f

Sending on Socket/fallback

[ OK ]

[[email protected] Server]# chkconfig --level 35 dhcrelay on

调整客户机的网段。我用的是虚拟机所以你用跳到和中继的2网卡在同一网段即可如果在现实中直接跳到另一个路由口上就行了、

3. 启动dhcrelay中继服务程序。并设置开机自动启动

2. 设置允许DHCP中继数据的接口及DHCP服务器的ip地址

指定DHCP服务器提供服务的接口

转载于:https://blog.51cto.com/mapengfei/373824

一步轻松搞定DHCP服务器.

搭建单网段的DHCP服务器:

搭建多网段的DHCP服务器

在中继服务器上做的配置：

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