Struts2 分模块配置方法和使用通配符和动态方法调用和Action 生命周期
1.分模块配置方法:
假如某个系统中有资产管理模块和车辆管理模块,把它们分开,在总的struts.xml配置文件中include这两个模块:
工程结构:
struts.xml配置:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN" "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd"> <struts> <include file="cheliang.xml"></include> <include file="zichan.xml"></include> </struts>
cheliang.xml:
<struts> <package name="cheliang" namespace="/cheliang" extends="struts-default"> <action name="cheliang" class="com.cy.action.CheLiangAction"> <result name="success">${pageContext.request.contextPath}/success.jsp</result> </action> </package> </struts>
zichan.xml:
<struts> <package name="zichan" namespace="/zichan" extends="struts-default"> <action name="zichan" class="com.cy.action.ZiChanAction"> <result name="success">${pageContext.request.contextPath}/success.jsp</result> </action> </package> </struts>
CheLiangAction.java:
public class CheLiangAction extends ActionSupport{ private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L; public String execute() throws Exception { System.out.println("执行了CheLiangAction Action的默认方法"); return SUCCESS; } }
ZiChanAction.java:
public class ZiChanAction extends ActionSupport{ private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L; public String execute() throws Exception { System.out.println("执行了CheLiangAction Action的默认方法"); return SUCCESS; } }
测试:
2.使用通配符:
struts.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN" "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd"> <struts> <package name="manage" namespace="/" extends="struts-default"> <!-- method={1} 取到第一个通配符--> <action name="student_*" class="com.cy.action.StudentAction" method="{1}"> <result name="success">success.jsp</result> </action> <action name="grade_*" class="com.cy.action.GradeAction" method="{1}"> <result name="success">success.jsp</result> </action> </package> </struts>
com.cy.action.GradeAction.java:
package com.cy.action; import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport; public class GradeAction extends ActionSupport{ private String name; public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public String list()throws Exception{ System.out.println("班级查找"); name="班级查找"; return SUCCESS; } public String add()throws Exception{ System.out.println("班级添加"); name="班级添加"; return SUCCESS; } public String update()throws Exception{ System.out.println("班级修改"); name="班级修改"; return SUCCESS; } public String delete()throws Exception{ System.out.println("班级删除"); name="班级删除"; return SUCCESS; } }
com.cy.action.StudentAction.java:
package com.cy.action; import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport; public class StudentAction extends ActionSupport{ private String name; public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public String list()throws Exception{ System.out.println("学生查找"); name="学生查找"; return SUCCESS; } public String add()throws Exception{ System.out.println("学生添加"); name="学生添加"; return SUCCESS; } public String update()throws Exception{ System.out.println("学生修改"); name="学生修改"; return SUCCESS; } public String delete()throws Exception{ System.out.println("学生删除"); name="学生删除"; return SUCCESS; } }
success.jsp:
<html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <title>Insert title here</title> </head> <body> OK! ${name} </body> </html>
index.jsp:
<html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <title>Insert title here</title> </head> <body> <h1>通配符</h1> <a href="student_list" target="_blank">学生信息查询</a> <a href="student_add" target="_blank">学生信息添加</a> <a href="student_update" target="_blank">学生信息修改</a> <a href="student_delete" target="_blank">学生信息删除</a> <br/><br/> <a href="grade_list" target="_blank">班级信息查询</a> <a href="grade_add" target="_blank">班级信息添加</a> <a href="grade_update" target="_blank">班级信息修改</a> <a href="grade_delete" target="_blank">班级信息删除</a> <br/> </body> </html>
测试:
3.上面的通配符配置方式还可以简化:
struts.xml:
<struts> <package name="manage" namespace="/" extends="struts-default"> <action name="*_*" class="com.cy.action.{1}Action" method="{2}"> <result name="success">success.jsp</result> </action> </package> </struts>
因为{1}Action获取到student/grade是小写,index.jsp中改为大写的:
index.jsp:
<body> <h1>通配符</h1> <a href="Student_list" target="_blank">学生信息查询</a> <a href="Student_add" target="_blank">学生信息添加</a> <a href="Student_update" target="_blank">学生信息修改</a> <a href="Student_delete" target="_blank">学生信息删除</a> <br/><br/> <a href="Grade_list" target="_blank">班级信息查询</a> <a href="Grade_add" target="_blank">班级信息添加</a> <a href="Grade_update" target="_blank">班级信息修改</a> <a href="Grade_delete" target="_blank">班级信息删除</a> <br/> </body>
测试结果和前面一样
二、动态方法调用:
struts.enable.DynamicMethodInvocation,开启动态方法调用,默认是false;
上面的struts.xml修改为如下:
<struts> <constant name="struts.enable.DynamicMethodInvocation" value="true" /> <package name="manage" namespace="/" extends="struts-default"> <action name="student" class="com.cy.action.StudentAction"> <result name="success">success.jsp</result> </action> <action name="grade" class="com.cy.action.GradeAction"> <result name="success">success.jsp</result> </action> </package> </struts>
index.jsp:
<body> <h1>动态方法调用</h1> <a href="student!list" target="_blank">学生信息查询</a> <a href="student!add" target="_blank">学生信息添加</a> <a href="student!update" target="_blank">学生信息修改</a> <a href="student!delete" target="_blank">学生信息删除</a> <br/><br/> <a href="grade!list" target="_blank">班级信息查询</a> <a href="grade!add" target="_blank">班级信息添加</a> <a href="grade!update" target="_blank">班级信息修改</a> <a href="grade!delete" target="_blank">班级信息删除</a> <br/> </body>
测试:
三、Action生命周期
例子:
com.cy.action.HelloAction.java:
package com.cy.action; import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport; public class HelloAction extends ActionSupport{ /** * */ private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L; public HelloAction() { System.out.println(this); } @Override public String execute() throws Exception { // TODO Auto-generated method stub return SUCCESS; } }
struts.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN" "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd"> <struts> <package name="manage" namespace="/" extends="struts-default"> <action name="hello" class="com.cy.action.HelloAction"> <result name="success">success.jsp</result> </action> </package> </struts>
我们在每次请求hello链接的时候,产生HelloAction实例,实例的构造方法中打印了当前类对象;
测试结果:
多次访问:http://localhost:8080/Struts2Chap01/hello
console:
证明了:
每次请求hello,都会产生一个新的HelloAction实例;
每次产生新的,保证安全点,但是每次都产生新的,感觉有点浪费,当并发量很大的时候可能导致内存不够;
等到以后spring管理struts的Action都是单例;HelloAction始终只有1个;