Mac将运行iPhone和iPad应用程序：这是运行方式

The rumors were right: Apple is shifting away from Intel in favor of its own Apple Silicon ARM-based processors. This will bring some big changes with it for anyone who uses a Mac. Chief among these is the ability to natively run iOS and iPadOS apps on a macOS system.

谣言是正确的：苹果公司正在从英特尔转向使用自己的基于Apple Silicon ARM的处理器。这将为使用Mac的任何人带来一些重大变化。其中最主要的功能是能够在macOS系统上本地运行iOS和iPadOS应用程序。

iPhone和iPad应用程序即将登陆Mac (iPhone and iPad Apps Are Coming to the Mac)

Apple is already producing its own processors for the iPhone, iPad, and most of its non-Mac lineup (including the Apple TV, HomePod, and Apple Watch). These platforms run on ARM-based chips, commonly chosen for their superior battery life and thermals compared to the Intel chips in the Mac.

苹果已经在为iPhone，iPad和大多数非Mac产品线(包括Apple TV，HomePod和Apple Watch)生产自己的处理器。这些平台在基于ARM的芯片上运行，与Mac上的Intel芯片相比，这些平台通常被选择为具有出色的电池寿命和散热性能。

The company is now moving ahead and transitioning the Mac lineup to ARM-based custom-designed processors. This means that iPhone and iPad apps will be natively compatible with the new models, as they’re designed to run on the same type of processor.

该公司现在正在前进，并将Mac产品线过渡到基于ARM的定制设计处理器。这意味着iPhone和iPad应用程序将设计为在相同类型的处理器上运行，因此它们将与新模型本地兼容。

According to Apple, apps written for the iPhone and iPad won’t require any modifications to work on a new ARM-based Mac. The company demonstrated this at its Worldwide Developers Conference (WWDC) using apps like Monument Valley 2, Calm, and Fender Play.

苹果公司表示，为iPhone和iPad编写的应用程序无需进行任何修改即可在基于ARM的新Mac上运行。该公司在其全球开发者大会(WWDC)上使用诸如Monument Valley 2 ，Calm和Fender Play之类的应用程序进行了演示。

This means an estimated two million App Store apps will be natively compatible with macOS in the near future. They run in windows that match the aspect ratio of the original platform. Twitter for iPhone, for example, will appear as a portrait window, just as it does on an iPhone screen.

这意味着在不久的将来，估计有200万个App Store应用程序将与macOS本地兼容。它们在与原始平台的纵横比匹配的窗口中运行。例如，iPhone的Twitter将显示为纵向窗口，就像在iPhone屏幕上一样。

Just about anything from the App Store will be available. Services like Instagram and TikTok, which lack Mac apps entirely, will finally have Mac-compatible versions available. It’s unclear at this stage whether developers will be able to opt-out of making their apps available on Mac.

App Store上的所有内容都将可用。完全缺少Mac应用程序的Instagram和TikTok等服务最终将提供与Mac兼容的版本。目前尚不清楚开发人员是否可以选择退出Mac上的应用程序。

However, developers will be able to tailor their apps to the Mac platform. Small tweaks, like removing the software keyboard while typing, will make all the difference when it comes to the usability of these apps.

但是，开发人员将能够针对Mac平台定制其应用程序。细微的调整，例如在键入时取下软件键盘，将对这些应用程序的可用性产生重大影响。

Apple hasn’t shared a ton of details about this, and no ARM Macs have yet been released outside of a secretive Developer Transition Kit. We’ll have to wait and see how it works out.

苹果尚未分享有关此方面的大量细节，并且尚未在秘密的Developer Transition Kit之外发布任何ARM Mac。我们将不得不等待，看看效果如何。

哪些Mac可以原生支持iPhone和iPad应用程序？ (Which Macs Will Natively Support iPhone and iPad Apps?)

Native support for iPhone and iPad apps will only be available on Macs with the new ARM systems-on-chip (SoCs). Apple said the first Macs to use Apple Silicon will be released before the end of 2020, although it hasn’t yet said which product lines will be updated.

iPhone和iPad应用程序的本机支持仅在具有新ARM片上系统(SoC)的Mac上可用。苹果表示，首批使用Apple Silicon的Mac将在2020年底之前发布，尽管尚未表示将更新哪些产品系列。

An iMac redesign was heavily rumored in the weeks leading up to WWDC, and the MacBook Pro and MacBook Air have both seen fairly recent redesigns. This has caused much speculation that the first Apple Silicon Mac will be a desktop all-in-one. The company hopes to have finished the transition of the entire Mac line by 2022.

在WWDC之前的几周里，有传言称iMac进行了重新设计，而MacBook Pro和MacBook Air都进行了近期的重新设计。这引起了很多猜测，即第一台Apple Silicon Mac将是台式机多功能一体机。该公司希望到2022年完成整个Mac系列的过渡。

Note that native support for these apps isn’t the same as Apple’s Catalyst project, which added apps like News, Voice Memos, and Stocks to macOS Mojave in 2018. Catalyst allows iPad developers to easily port their iOS apps to the Mac, ultimately enabling universal purchases between the two platforms.

请注意，这些应用程序的本机支持与Apple的Catalyst项目不同，后者在2018年将新闻，语音备忘录和股票等应用程序添加到了macOSMojave。Catalyst使iPad开发人员可以轻松地将其iOS应用程序移植到Mac，最终实现两个平台之间的通用购买。

While Catalyst has already been used to bring third-party iPad apps, like Twitter, to the Mac, it’s not the same as natively running an iPhone or iPad app on an ARM Mac. Native apps don’t need to be recompiled, as they’re already compatible with the processor architecture. Catalyst enables Xcode to create, in effect, two versions of an app—one for each platform.

尽管Catalyst已经用于将Twitter等第三方iPad应用程序引入Mac，但与在ARM Mac上本地运行iPhone或iPad应用程序并不相同。本机应用程序已经与处理器体系结构兼容，因此无需重新编译。 Catalyst使Xcode实际上可以创建一个应用程序的两个版本，每个平台一个。

None of that will be necessary on the Macs that ship with Apple Silicon.

在与Apple Silicon一起提供的Mac上，这些都不需要。

什么是ARM，它有何不同？ (What’s ARM and How Is It Different?)

To understand the difference between Intel chips and Apple Silicon, you first have to understand the basic differences in processor architecture. Intel produces x86 processors, which are different from the Apple Silicon ARM processors to which Apple is transitioning.

要了解英特尔芯片和Apple Silicon之间的区别，您首先必须了解处理器体系结构的基本区别。英特尔生产x86处理器，这不同于苹果正在向其过渡的Apple Silicon ARM处理器。

While x86 processors are designed for Complex Instruction Set Computing (CISC), ARM processors use Reduced Instruction Set Computing (RISC), instead. ARM processors handle simpler instructions, which are often completed over a single CPU clock cycle. CISC architecture, however, does more simultaneously, spread over several cycles.

x86处理器是为复杂指令集计算(CISC)设计的，而ARM处理器则使用精简指令集计算(RISC)。 ARM处理器处理更简单的指令，这些指令通常在单个CPU时钟周期内完成。但是，CISC体系结构同时执行的更多，分布在多个周期中。

In essence, these are two different approaches to a very similar end goal: running software efficiently. Because RISC uses a less complex instruction set, ARM devices generally use less power and produce less heat. This is why ARM is the technology of choice for smartphones, tablets, single-board computers (like the Raspberry Pi), and even the Nintendo Switch.

本质上，这是达到非常相似的最终目标的两种不同方法：有效运行软件。由于RISC使用的指令集不太复杂，因此ARM设备通常使用较少的功率并产生较少的热量。这就是为什么ARM是智能手机，平板电脑，单板计算机(例如Raspberry Pi)甚至Nintendo Switch的首选技术的原因。

Historically, x86 has outperformed ARM in terms of raw power. This is why desktop computers still use 64-bit x86 chips, like the Intel Core series. Since these chips produce more heat and require more power, they’re suitable for desktops, as cooling and power are less of an issue. They’re also still used in most laptops, although Microsoft’s Surface Pro X is powered by ARM.

从历史上看，x86在原始功耗方面胜过ARM。这就是为什么台式计算机仍使用64位x86芯片(例如Intel Core系列)的原因。由于这些芯片产生更多的热量并需要更多的功率，因此它们适用于台式机，因为散热和功耗就不再是问题。尽管Microsoft的Surface Pro X由ARM支持，但它们仍在大多数笔记本电脑中使用。

Software designed for the CISC instruction set needs to be rebuilt to work natively on RISC machines. Software already written for ARM devices, like the entire collection of iPhone and iPad apps in the App Store, will work natively on Apple Silicon computers when they finally arrive later this year.

需要重新构建为CISC指令集设计的软件，以在RISC计算机上本机运行。已经为ARM设备编写的软件(如App Store中的整个iPhone和iPad应用程序集合)将于今年晚些时候面世时在Apple Silicon计算机上本地运行。

This is just the tip of the iceberg when it comes to Apple’s transition to ARM. There’s plenty more to discuss, like improved battery life, less heat, and a tighter marriage of software and hardware.

这只是苹果向ARM过渡时的冰山一角。还有更多需要讨论的内容，例如更长的电池寿命，更少的热量以及软件和硬件的紧密结合。

有Intel Mac吗？没有适合您的iPhone或iPad应用 (Got an Intel Mac? No iPhone or iPad Apps for You)

With the first ARM Mac expected by the end of the year, Apple will still be selling Intel models for a while yet. Just like the transition from PowerPC to Intel in 2006, Apple has committed to supporting Intel-based computers for the foreseeable future. Unfortunately, that doesn’t include support for iPhone or iPad apps.

由于第一台ARM Mac电脑有望在今年年底推出，因此苹果仍将在一段时间内销售英特尔机型。就像2006年从PowerPC过渡到Intel一样，Apple承诺在可预见的将来支持基于Intel的计算机。不幸的是，这不包括对iPhone或iPad应用程序的支持。

Moving forward, apps written specifically for the Mac will function on both Intel and Apple Silicon models. This is possibly thanks to Xcode 12, and its ability to create “Universal 2” binaries, which work on both processor architectures. Apple has announced no such plans to bring the iPhone and iPad app library to non-ARM models.

展望未来，专门为Mac编写的应用程序将在Intel和Apple Silicon型号上都可以运行。这可能要归功于Xcode 12及其创建“通用2”二进制文件的能力，该二进制文件可在两种处理器体系结构上使用。苹果尚未宣布将iPhone和iPad应用程序库引入非ARM型号的计划。

This will arguably create a demand for ARM Macs by setting them apart from the pack. The new machines will lose the ability to run Windows via Boot Camp (although, maybe not the ARM version). So, universal compatibility with iPhone and iPad apps might just be the carrot Apple will dangle to sell Apple Silicon.

通过将它们与包装分开，可以说会引起对ARM Mac的需求。新机器将失去通过Boot Camp运行Windows的能力(尽管可能不是ARM版本)。因此，与iPhone和iPad应用程序的通用兼容性可能只是Apple抛弃销售Apple Silicon的胡萝卜。

为英特尔编写的Mac应用程序如何？ (What About Mac Apps Written for Intel?)

Since the new ARM-based Macs won’t be natively compatible with software written for models with an Intel chip, what happens to all of your existing software? It’s possible developers with big budgets, like Adobe and Microsoft, can meet Apple’s looming deadline for a native ARM version. But what about smaller developers who lack the time and resources?

由于基于ARM的新Macs不能与为使用Intel芯片的型号编写的软件本地兼容，因此所有现有软件会怎样？像Adobe和Microsoft这样有大量预算的开发人员有可能在苹果迫在眉睫的截止日期之前获得本机ARM版本。但是缺少时间和资源的小型开发人员呢？

Don’t worry—new Macs won’t be trading classic Mac desktop apps for those on iPhone and iPad. Developers can recompile their existing Intel apps for ARM, but you can run exactly the same Mac apps you run on macOS Catalina today on a new ARM-based Mac.

不用担心-新Mac不会取代iPhone和iPad上的经典Mac桌面应用。开发人员可以为ARM重新编译其现有的Intel应用程序，但是您可以在基于ARM的新Mac上运行与今天在macOS Catalina上运行的Mac应用程序完全相同的Mac应用程序。

This is made possible by Rosetta 2—an updated version of the dynamic binary translator used to transition Mac owners from PowerPC to Intel in 2006. The company demonstrated Rosetta 2 at WWDC 2020 using 3D modeling and the animation software Maya, which seemed to be running flawlessly.

Rosetta 2使之成为可能。Rosetta2是动态二进制转换器的更新版本，用于在2006年将Mac所有者从PowerPC过渡到Intel。该公司在WWDC 2020上使用3D建模和动画软件Maya演示了Rosetta 2。完美无瑕。

Even more impressive was the highly responsive demo of Shadow of the Tomb Raider, also running via Rosetta. Whether we can expect similar performance in all applications remains to be seen, but benchmarks of the ARM-based Developer Transition Kit (DTK) seem promising.

更令人印象深刻的是同样通过罗塞塔(Rosetta)运行的《古墓丽影》的高响应演示。我们能否在所有应用程序中获得类似的性能还有待观察，但是基于ARM的开发人员转换套件(DTK)的基准测试似乎很有希望。

The DTK is a modified Mac mini with a slightly underclocked A12Z iPad Pro chip, with 16 GB of RAM, and a 512 GB SSD. Despite Apple’s insistence to the contrary, some developers have been running Geekbench on their DTKs to ascertain performance. Since there’s no native version of Geekbench available for ARM Macs, the benchmarks were conducted using Rosetta.

DTK是经过修改的Mac mini，带有略微低于时钟的A12Z iPad Pro芯片，16 GB的RAM和512 GB的SSD。尽管苹果坚持相反，但一些开发人员仍在其DTK上运行Geekbench来确定性能。由于没有适用于ARM Mac的Geekbench本机版本，因此使用Rosetta进行了基准测试。

Early results showed that Geekbench via Rosetta on an A12Z outperformed Microsoft’s ARM-based Surface Pro X running a native version of the same benchmarking tool. Take those results with a pinch of salt, but it’s a good sign, considering the A12Z is a two-year-old chip. The first ARM-based Mac could use a far more powerful processor than the one in the iPad Pro.

早期结果显示，在A12Z上通过Rosetta进行的Geekbench优于运行相同基准测试工具的本机版本的Microsoft基于ARM的Surface ProX 。稍微加点盐就可以得出这些结果，但这是一个好兆头，考虑到A12Z是已经使用了两年的芯片。第一台基于ARM的Mac可以使用比iPad Pro中更强大的处理器。

One reason for such promising performance might lie in the fact that Rosetta 2 does much of the heavy lifting during the installation phase. This has been likened to recompiling the app as a “Universal 2” application.

获得如此有希望的性能的原因之一可能是在安装阶段，Rosetta 2完成了许多繁重的工作。这已被比喻为将应用程序重新编译为“ Universal 2”应用程序。

For an idea of how long this compatibility period might last, Rosetta was first introduced with OS X 10.4.4 Tiger in 2005. In 2011, It was made an optional component with the release of OS X 10.6 Snow Leopard. Support for Rosetta was officially dropped altogether with the release of OS X 10.7 Lion in 2012.

为了弄清楚这种兼容期将持续多长时间，在2005年首次将Rosetta与OS X 10.4.4 Tiger一起引入。在2011年，它成为OS X 10.6 Snow Leopard的可选组件。随着2012年OS X 10.7 Lion的发布，对Rosetta的支持也被完全取消。

Apple Silicon将于2020年下半年推出 (Apple Silicon Launches Later in 2020)

We don’t know when Apple Silicon will arrive, but Apple insisted it will be this year. It’s also unclear whether the change in architecture will result in cheaper models, since Apple controls the process, or if prices will go up to cover research and development costs.

我们不知道Apple Silicon何时会到货，但Apple坚持会在今年。还不清楚架构的改变是否会导致价格更便宜的模型，因为苹果公司控制了这一过程，或者价格是否会上涨以支付研发成本。

Apple Silicon was just a small slither of what Apple announced at WWDC 2020. Check out the new features coming to macOS and what iOS 14 has in store for iPhone and iPad owners.

Apple Silicon只是Apple在WWDC 2020上宣布的内容中的一小部分。查看macOS的新功能以及适用于iPhone和iPad所有者的iOS 14 。

翻译自: https://www.howtogeek.com/679982/macs-will-run-iphone-and-ipad-apps-heres-how-it-will-work/