【无人机】【2015.07】探索无人飞行器的安全漏洞

本文为荷兰特温特大学（作者：Nils Rodday）的硕士论文，共95页。

目前，我们观察到无人驾驶飞行器（UAV）的普及率显著提高。这不仅适用于消费型无人机，也适用于专业服务的更为复杂的无人机。鉴于专业无人机广泛部署在敏感任务中，如监控关键基础设施和警察行动，因此应质疑此类无人机的安全方面。在本研究中，我们调查了应用于专业无人机通讯渠道的安全水平。此外，我们还研究了识别出的安全漏洞，执行了一种中间人攻击，并注入控制命令与无人机交互。此外，还提出了提高当前安全水平的相应对策。我们的研究结果提高了以下公众对无人机安全的认识：（i）使用和信任无人机的公众；（i i）科学界，表明这一领域需要进一步调查研究；（i i i）制造商，表明在其设备中实施更高级别安全的重要性。

We are currently observing a significant increase in popularity of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). This is not only the case for consumer UAVs, but also for more sophisticated UAVs used for professional services, whereby the cost can easily be magnitudes higher. Given that professional UAVs are being widely deployed in sensitive missions such as monitoring of critical infrastructures and police operations, security aspects of such UAVs should be questioned. In this research we investigated the level of security applied to the communication channels of a professional UAV. Furthermore, we explored security vulnerabilities that were identified, performed a Man-in-theMiddle attack and injected control commands to interact with the UAV. In addition, appropriate countermeasures to improve the current level of security were suggested. Our findings raise awareness within (i) the general public that use and trust UAVs, (ii) the scientific community by showing that further investigation is needed in this area, and (iii) the manufacturers by showing the importance of implementing a higher level of security in their devices.

1 引言

1.1 研究动机

1.2 研究目标、问题及方法

1.3 研究贡献

1.4 论文组织结构

2 相关研究

2.1 最近的无人机入侵事件

2.2 作战问题

2.3 GPS欺骗

2.4 WiFi和蓝牙**

2.5 Zigbee和XBee

2.6 KillerBee

3 无人机

3.1 定义

3.2 无人机分类

3.3 控制信道

3.4 攻击向量

4 本文研究的无人机

4.1 设置

4.2 WiFi链路

4.3 遥测链路

4.4 手动遥控链路

4.5 视频链路

4.6 GPS

4.7 结论

5 攻击场景与对策

5.1 无人机研究——WiFi通信

5.2 无人机研究——XBee通信

5.3 结论

6 结论与未来研究展望

6.1 结论

6.2 未来研究展望

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