Leetcode279

Perfect Squares:
Given a positive integer n, find the least number of perfect square numbers (for example, 1, 4, 9, 16, …) which sum to n.
Example 1:
Input: n = 12
Output: 3
Explanation: 12 = 4 + 4 + 4.
Example 2:
Input: n = 13
Output: 2
Explanation: 13 = 4 + 9.

Solution:

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <queue>
#include <stdexcept>

using namespace std;

class Solution {
public:
    int numSquares(int n) {

        assert( n > 0 );

        queue< pair< int, int > > q; // 第一个int表示:具体是哪一个数字。第二个int表示:建立的图中经历了几段路径走到了这个数字
        q.push( make_pair( n, 0 ));

        vector<bool> visited( n+1, false); // n+1个结点是否被访问过,初始化都为false
        visited[n] = true;

        while ( !q.empty() ){

            int num = q.front().first;
            int step = q.front().second;
            q.pop();

//            if ( num == 0 )
//                return step;

            for( int i = 1; ; i++){
                int a = num - i * i;
                if ( a < 0)
                    break;
                if ( a == 0)
                    return step + 1;
                if( ! visited[a] ) {
                    q.push(make_pair(a, step + 1));
                    visited[a] = true;
                }
            }
        }

        throw invalid_argument("No Solution.");

    }
};

总结: 此题可以转化为图中广度优先搜索求最短路径,具体建模思想见图:
Leetcode279

举个例子看一下:
Leetcode279
这个建模思想要学会!