配置httpd-2.2支持https功能
SSL会话的简化过程
(1) 客户端发送可供选择的加密方式,并向服务器请求证书;
(2) 服务器端发送证书以及选定的加密方式给客户端;
(3) 客户端取得证书并进行证书验正:
如果信任给其发证书的CA:
(a) 验正证书来源的合法性;用CA的公钥解密证书上数字签名;
(b) 验正证书的内容的合法性:完整性验正
(c) 检查证书的有效期限;
(d) 检查证书是否被吊销;
(e) 证书中拥有者的名字,与访问的目标主机要一致;
(4) 客户端生成临时会话**(对称**),并使用服务器端的公钥加密此数据发送给服务器,完成**交换;
(5) 服务用此**加密用户请求的资源,响应给客户端;
注意:SSL会话是基于IP地址创建;所以单IP的主机上,仅可以使用一个https虚拟主机;
配置httpd支持https:
1、为服务器申请数字证书;
1)创建私有CA
(1)生成私钥文件
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[[email protected] ~] # mkdir -p /etc/pki/CA/private #创建私钥保存的目录
[[email protected] ~] # (umask 077;openssl genrsa -out /etc/pki/CA/private/cakey.pem 4096)
Generating RSA private key, 4096 bit long modulus ....................................................................++ ..................................................................++ e is 65537 (0x10001) [[email protected] ~] # ll /etc/pki/CA/private/ # 私钥只能自己保存,对保密性要求高
总用量 4 -rw-------. 1 root root 3243 11月 15 10:34 cakey.pem |
(2)生成自签证书
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[[email protected] ~] # openssl req -new -x509 -key /etc/pki/CA/private/cakey.pem -out /etc/pki/CA/cacert.pem -days 3650
# 如果是自请自签 加-x509 如果不是就不用加了 #这个过程会自动从刚才第一步的私钥中抽取公钥 #-new 生成新证书签署请求 #-x509 生成自签格式证书 专用于创建私有CA时 #-key 生成请求时用到的私有文件路径 #-out 生成的请求文件路径 如果是自签操作将生成签署过的证书 #-days 证书的有效时常 但为是day You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated into your certificate request. What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN. There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank For some fields there will be a default value, If you enter '.' , the field will be left blank.
----- Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]:CN #国家
State or Province Name (full name) []:SH #省
Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:SH #城市
Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:DZH #公司组织
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:Ops #职位
Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname ) []:ca.wlm.com #主机名
Email Address []:[email protected] #邮箱
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(3)为CA提供所需的目录和文件
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[[email protected] ~] # touch /etc/pki/CA/index.txt # 创建数据库文件
[[email protected] ~] # echo 01 > /etc/pki/CA/serial # 创建***文件并给明第一个证书的***码
[[email protected] ~] # ll /etc/pki/CA
总用量 8 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2049 11月 15 10:41 cacert.pem drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 6月 29 2015 certs drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 6月 29 2015 crl -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 11月 15 10:45 index.txt drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 6月 29 2015 newcerts drwx------. 2 root root 22 11月 15 10:34 private -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 3 11月 15 10:46 serial |
至此,私有CA创建完毕。
2)证书申请:
(1)在证书申请的主机上生成私钥
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[[email protected] ~] # cd /etc/httpd/
[[email protected] httpd] # mkdir ssl #创建保存私钥的目录
[[email protected] httpd] # cd ssl
[[email protected] ssl] # (umask 077;openssl genrsa -out httpd.key 2048) #生成私钥
Generating RSA private key, 2048 bit long modulus ......................................................+++ ...........................................+++ e is 65537 (0x10001) [[email protected] ssl] # ll
总用量 4 -rw-------. 1 root root 1675 11月 15 11:05 httpd.key |
(2)生成证书签署请求
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[[email protected] ssl] # openssl req -new -key httpd.key -out httpd.csr -days 365 # 在本地生成
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated into your certificate request. What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN. There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank For some fields there will be a default value, If you enter '.' , the field will be left blank.
----- Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]:CN State or Province Name (full name) []:SH Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:SH Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:DZH Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:Ops Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname ) []:www.wlm.com
Email Address []:mail.wlm.com Please enter the following 'extra' attributes
to be sent with your certificate request A challenge password []: #密码可以不设置
An optional company name []: |
(3)把请求发送给CA
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[[email protected] ssl] # scp httpd.csr [email protected]:/tmp/ # 10.10.10.3位CA主机
# 将请求签发的证书发个证书服务器,我们这里是同一台机器模拟了证书服务器和申请签发的客户机 The authenticity of host '10.10.10.3 (10.10.10.3)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is 93:b6:c3:bf:a6:51:a7:4a:be:0c:14:93:ab:86:a1:56. Are you sure you want to continue connecting ( yes /no )? yes
Warning: Permanently added '10.10.10.3' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
[email protected]'s password: httpd.csr 100% 1025 1.0KB /s 00:0
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(4)CA签发证书(在CA10.10.10.3主机上操作)
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[[email protected] tmp] # openssl ca -in /tmp/httpd.csr -out /etc/pki/CA/certs/httpd.crt -days 365
# 签发证书,有效期为一年 Using configuration from /etc/pki/tls/openssl .cnf
Check that the request matches the signature Signature ok Certificate Details: Serial Number: 1 (0x1)
Validity
Not Before: Nov 15 03:15:54 2016 GMT
Not After : Nov 15 03:15:54 2017 GMT
Subject:
countryName = CN
stateOrProvinceName = SH
organizationName = DZH
organizationalUnitName = Ops
commonName = www.wlm.com
emailAddress = mail.wlm.com
X509v3 extensions:
X509v3 Basic Constraints:
CA:FALSE
Netscape Comment:
OpenSSL Generated Certificate
X509v3 Subject Key Identifier:
49:7A:99:41:6E:72:27:8F:B8:F0:C3:77:6C:B8:8B:C0:9F:C7:7D:2A
X509v3 Authority Key Identifier:
keyid:A8:28:9A:3B:91:A9:4C:90:A4:08:3D:79:34:0D:D3:19:0E:68:6F:1A
Certificate is to be certified until Nov 15 03:15:54 2017 GMT (365 days)
Sign the certificate? [y /n ]:y
1 out of 1 certificate requests certified, commit? [y /n ]y
Write out database with 1 new entries Data Base Updated [[email protected] tmp] # cd /etc/pki/CA/
[[email protected] CA] # ls
cacert.pem crl index.txt.attr newcerts serial certs index.txt index.txt.old private serial.old [[email protected] CA] # cat index.txt #查看第一个签发的证书
V 171115031554Z 01 unknown /C =CN /ST =SH /O =DZH /OU =Ops /CN =www.wlm.com /emailAddress =mail.wlm.com
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(5)把签署好的证书发还给请求者
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[[email protected] CA] #
[[email protected] CA] # pwd
/etc/pki/CA [[email protected] CA] # scp certs/httpd.crt [email protected]:/etc/httpd/ssl/ # 发送证书
[email protected]'s password: httpd.crt 100% 5781 5.7KB /s 00:00
[[email protected] CA] # ls /etc/httpd/ssl/
httpd.crt httpd.csr httpd.key [email protected] # 查看已经签发好的证书
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2、配置httpd支持使用ssl,及使用的证书;
(1)安装支持ssl的模块
[[email protected] CA]# yum install -y mod_ssl
(2)修改配置文件
vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/ssl.conf <VirtualHost _default_:443> DocumentRoot "/var/www/html" ServerName www.wlm.com:443 SSLCertificateFile /etc/httpd/ssl/httpd.crt SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/httpd/ssl/httpd.key
(3) 测试基于https访问相应的主机;
重启httpd服务之后通过浏览器验证
关于httpd的配置,见http://afterdawn.blog.51cto.com/7503144/1873617
openssl详解见:http://afterdawn.blog.51cto.com/7503144/1872753
转载于:https://blog.51cto.com/afterdawn/1875173