LVS集群部署详细过程(LVS+OSPF)
一、前言
2013年下半年大部时候都用在LVS实施上面了,一路摸爬滚打走来,遇到各种问题,感谢同事们对我的帮助和指导,感谢领导对我的信任,本文总结一下lvs集群(ospf+fullnat)的详细部署情况以及需要注意的问题点,先大概说一下LVS在我们公司的应用情况吧,LVS在我们公司走过了以下三个阶段:
阶段一,一个业务一套LVS调度(主备模式),优缺点如下:
优点:业务和业务之间隔离,A业务有问题不会影响B业务
缺点:1、管理不方便,2、LB多了虚拟路由ID冲突导致业务异常,3、业务量足够大LB成为瓶颈
阶段二,一个IDC一套LVS调度(主备模式),优缺点如下:
优点、业务统一集中管理
缺点:1、A业务突发上流(超过LB的承受能力)会影响整个集群上的业务,2、LB很容易成为瓶颈
阶段三,一个IDC一套调度(ospf+fullnat集群模式),优缺点如下:
优点:1、LB调度机自由伸缩,横向线性扩展(最多机器数受限于三层设备允许的等价路由数目 ),2、业务统一集中管理,3、LB资源全利用,All Active。不存在备份机
缺点:部署相对比较复杂
二、环境说明
2、fullnat是淘宝开源的一种lvs转发模式,主要思想:引入local address(内网ip地址),cip-vip转换为lip->rip,而 lip和rip均为IDC内网ip,可以跨vlan通讯,这刚好符合我们的需求,因为我们的内网是划分了vlan的。
3、环境说明
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软件环境: 系统版本:centos6. 4
keepalived版本:v1. 2.2
ospfd版本:version 0.99 . 20
zebra版本: version 0.99 . 20
交换机: 外网核心交换IP: 114 .11x.9x. 1
内网核心交换IP: 10.10 . 2.1
LB1外网机柜交换IP: 114 .11x.9x. 122
LB2外网机柜交换IP: 114 .11x.9x. 160
LB1内网机柜交换IP: 10.10 . 15.254
LB2内网机柜交换IP: 10.10 . 11.254
LB1: 调度机IP(外网bond1): 10.10 . 254.18 / 30 ##外网需要配置一个与核心交换机联通的私有地址
调度机IP(内网bond0): 10.10 . 15.77
内网分发私有网段: 10.10 . 251.0 / 24 ##local address
外网ospf转发网段网关: 10.10 . 254.17
LB2: 调度机IP(外网bond1): 10.10 . 254.22 / 30 #外网需要配置一个与核心交换机联通的私有地址
调度机IP(内网bond0): 10.10 . 11.77
内网分发私有网段: 10.10 . 250.0 / 24 ##local address
外网ospf转发网段网关: 10.10 . 254.21
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为了提升网络吞吐量,网络冗余,我们LB上网卡是做bond的,详细说明如下图:
三、具体部署
部署分三大部分,网卡绑定、ospf配置和lvs配置,下面依次介绍:
A、网卡绑定部分
1、服务器(LB1)上配置如下:
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[[email protected]_cluster_C1 ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-bond0 DEVICE=bond0 ONBOOT=yes BOOTPROTO= static
IPADDR= 10.10 . 11.77 ##LB2为 10.10 . 15.77
NETMASK= 255.255 . 255.0
USERCTL=no TYPE=Ethernet [[email protected]_cluster_C1 ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-bond1 DEVICE=bond1 ONBOOT=yes BOOTPROTO= static
IPADDR= 10.10 . 254.22 ##LB2为 10.10 . 254.18
NETMASK= 255.255 . 255.252
USERCTL=no TYPE=Ethernet [[email protected]_cluster_C1 ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 DEVICE=eth0 BOOTPROTO=none ONBOOT=yes USERCTL=no MASTER=bond0 SLAVE=yes [[email protected]_cluster_C1 ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth1 DEVICE=eth1 BOOTPROTO=none ONBOOT=yes USERCTL=no MASTER=bond0 SLAVE=yes [[email protected]_cluster_C1 ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth2 DEVICE=eth2 BOOTPROTO=none ONBOOT=yes USERCTL=no MASTER=bond1 SLAVE=yes [[email protected]_cluster_C1 ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth3 DEVICE=eth3 BOOTPROTO=none ONBOOT=yes USERCTL=no MASTER=bond1 SLAVE=yes [[email protected]_cluster_C1 ~]# vi /etc/modprobe.d/openfwwf.conf options b43 nohwcrypt= 1 qos= 0
alias bond0 bonding options bond0 miimon= 100 mode= 0 #bond的几种模式的详细说明我之前写的博文中有介绍或者去百度、谷歌吧
alias bond1 bonding options bond1 miimon= 100 mode= 0
alias net-pf- 10 off
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2、交换机上配置
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bond0: 10.10 . 15.77 eth0-GigabitEthernet1/ 0 / 29 eth1-GigabitEthernet1/ 0 / 30
LB1对应的内网机柜交换机操作: interface Bridge-Aggregation10
port access vlan 150
interface GigabitEthernet1/ 0 / 29
port link-aggregation group 10
interface GigabitEthernet1/ 0 / 30
port link-aggregation group 10
bond1: 10.10 . 254.18 GigabitEthernet1/ 0 / 26 GigabitEthernet1/ 0 / 28
LB1对应的外网机柜交换机操作: vlan 50
interface Bridge-Aggregation10
port access vlan 50
interface GigabitEthernet1/ 0 / 26
port link-aggregation group 10
interface GigabitEthernet1/ 0 / 28
port link-aggregation group 10
bond0: 10.10 . 11.77 eth0:GigabitEthernet1/ 0 / 14 eth1:GigabitEthernet1/ 0 / 05
LB2对应的内网机柜交换机操作: interface Bridge-Aggregation110
port access vlan 110
interface GigabitEthernet1/ 0 / 05
port link-aggregation group 110
interface GigabitEthernet1/ 0 / 14
port link-aggregation group 110
bond1: 10.10 . 254.22 eth2:GigabitEthernet1/ 0 / 38 eth3:GigabitEthernet1/ 0 / 46
LB2对应的外网机柜交换机操作: vlan 60
interface Bridge-Aggregation110
port access vlan 60
interface GigabitEthernet1/ 0 / 38
port link-aggregation group 110
interface GigabitEthernet1/ 0 / 46
port link-aggregation group 110
display link-aggregation verbose #查看绑定状态是否ok |
B、ospf配置部分
1、交换机上配置:
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外网核心操作: vlan 50
vlan 60
interface Vlan-interface50
ip address 10.10 . 254.17 255.255 . 255.252
ospf timer hello 1
ospf timer dead 4
ospf dr-priority 96
interface Vlan-interface60
ip address 10.10 . 254.21 255.255 . 255.252
ospf timer hello 1
ospf timer dead 4
ospf dr-priority 95
#配置ospf的参数, timer hello是发送hello包的间隔,timer dead是存活的死亡时间。默认是 10 、 40 ,hello包是ospf里面维持邻居关系的报文,这里配置是每秒发送一个,当到 4 秒还没有收到这个报文,就会认为这个邻居已经丢失,需要修改路由
ospf 1
area 0.0 . 0.0
network 10.10 . 254.16 0.0 . 0.3
network 10.10 . 254.20 0.0 . 0.3
内网核心: interface Vlan-interface110
ip address 10.10 . 250.1 255.255 . 255.0 sub
interface Vlan-interface150
ip address 10.10 . 251.1 255.255 . 255.0 sub
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2、服务器上配置
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mkdir /etc/quagga/
mkdir -p /var/log/quagga/
chmod -R 777 /var/log/quagga/
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配置文件:
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cat /etc/quagga/zebra.conf hostname lvs_cluster_C2 ##LB2为:hostname lvs_cluster_C1 cat /etc/quagga/ospfd.conf log file / var /log/quagga/ospfd.log
log stdout log syslog interface bond1
ip ospf hello-interval 1
ip ospf dead-interval 4
router ospf ospf router-id 10.10 . 254.17 ##LB2为: 10.10 . 254.21
log-adjacency-changes auto-cost reference-bandwidth 1000
network 114 .11x.9x. 0 / 24 area 0.0 . 0.0
network 10.10 . 254.16 / 30 area 0.0 . 0.0 ##LB2为: 10.10 . 254.20 / 30
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ospfd的启动脚本:
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[[email protected]_cluster_C1 ~] # cat /etc/init.d/ospfd
#!/bin/bash # chkconfig: - 16 84 # config: /etc/quagga/ospfd.conf ### BEGIN INIT INFO # Provides: ospfd # Short-Description: A OSPF v2 routing engine # Description: An OSPF v2 routing engine for use with Zebra ### END INIT INFO # source function library . /etc/rc .d /init .d /functions
# Get network config . /etc/sysconfig/network
# quagga command line options . /etc/sysconfig/quagga
RETVAL=0 PROG= "ospfd"
cmd=ospfd LOCK_FILE= /var/lock/subsys/ospfd
CONF_FILE= /etc/quagga/ospfd .conf
case "$1" in
start) # Check that networking is up. [ "${NETWORKING}" = "no" ] && exit 1
# The process must be configured first. [ -f $CONF_FILE ] || exit 6
if [ ` id -u` - ne 0 ]; then
echo $ "Insufficient privilege" 1>&2
exit 4
fi echo -n $ "Starting $PROG: "
daemon $cmd -d $OSPFD_OPTS RETVAL=$? [ $RETVAL - eq 0 ] && touch $LOCK_FILE
echo ;; stop) echo -n $ "Shutting down $PROG: "
killproc $cmd RETVAL=$? [ $RETVAL - eq 0 ] && rm -f $LOCK_FILE
echo ;; restart|reload|force-reload) $0 stop $0 start RETVAL=$? ;; condrestart|try-restart) if [ -f $LOCK_FILE ]; then
$0 stop $0 start fi RETVAL=$? ;; status) status $cmd RETVAL=$? ;; *) echo $ "Usage: $PROG {start|stop|restart|reload|force-reload|try-restart|status}"
exit 2
esac exit $RETVAL
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zebra的启动脚本:
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[[email protected]_cluster_C1 ~]# cat /etc/init.d/zebra #!/bin/bash # chkconfig: - 15 85
# config: /etc/quagga/zebra.conf ### BEGIN INIT INFO # Provides: zebra # Short-Description: GNU Zebra routing manager # Description: GNU Zebra routing manager ### END INIT INFO # source function library
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions # quagga command line options . /etc/sysconfig/quagga RETVAL= 0
PROG= "zebra"
cmd=zebra LOCK_FILE=/ var /lock/subsys/zebra
CONF_FILE=/etc/quagga/zebra.conf case "$1" in
start) # Check that networking is up.
[ "${NETWORKING}" = "no" ] && exit 1
# The process must be configured first. [ -f $CONF_FILE ] || exit 6
if [ `id -u` -ne 0 ]; then
echo $ "Insufficient privilege" 1 >& 2
exit 4
fi echo -n $ "Starting $PROG: "
/sbin/ip route flush proto zebra daemon $cmd -d $ZEBRA_OPTS RETVAL=$? [ $RETVAL -eq 0 ] && touch $LOCK_FILE
echo ;; stop) echo -n $ "Shutting down $PROG: "
killproc $cmd RETVAL=$? [ $RETVAL -eq 0 ] && rm -f $LOCK_FILE
echo ;; restart|reload|force-reload) $ 0 stop
$ 0 start
RETVAL=$? ;; condrestart| try -restart)
if [ -f $LOCK_FILE ]; then
$ 0 stop
$ 0 start
fi RETVAL=$? ;; status) status $cmd RETVAL=$? ;; *) echo $ "Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart|reload|force-reload|try-restart|status}"
exit 2
esac exit $RETVAL |
quagga的配置:
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[[email protected]_cluster_C1 ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/quagga # # Default: Bind all daemon vtys to the loopback(s) only # QCONFDIR= "/etc/quagga"
BGPD_OPTS= "-A 127.0.0.1 -f ${QCONFDIR}/bgpd.conf"
OSPF6D_OPTS= "-A ::1 -f ${QCONFDIR}/ospf6d.conf"
OSPFD_OPTS= "-A 127.0.0.1 -f ${QCONFDIR}/ospfd.conf"
RIPD_OPTS= "-A 127.0.0.1 -f ${QCONFDIR}/ripd.conf"
RIPNGD_OPTS= "-A ::1 -f ${QCONFDIR}/ripngd.conf"
ZEBRA_OPTS= "-A 127.0.0.1 -f ${QCONFDIR}/zebra.conf"
ISISD_OPTS= "-A ::1 -f ${QCONFDIR}/isisd.conf"
# Watchquagga configuration (please check timer values before using): WATCH_OPTS= ""
WATCH_DAEMONS= "zebra bgpd ospfd ospf6d ripd ripngd"
# To enable restarts, uncomment this line (but first be sure to edit
# the WATCH_DAEMONS line to reflect the daemons you are actually using): #WATCH_OPTS= "-Az -b_ -r/sbin/service_%s_restart -s/sbin/service_%s_start -k/sbin/service_%s_stop"
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3、服务启动:
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/etc/init.d/zebra start && chkconfig zebra on /etc/init.d/ospfd start && chkconfig ospfd on PS:先启动zebra再启动ospf,不然LB会学习不到路由信息 |
C、lvs部署部分
1、安装组件
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#安装带fullnat功能内核(淘宝已开源) rpm -ivh kernel- 2.6 . 32 - 220.23 . 3 .el6.x86_64.rpm kernel-firmware- 2.6 . 32 - 220.23 . 3 .el6.x86_64.rpm --force
#安装lvs-tools(ipvsadm,keepalived,quagga),这些工具都是依据新内核修改过的,所以不要用原生的 rpm -ivh lvs-tools- 1.0 . 0 - 77 .el6.x86_64.rpm
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2、添加local_address网段
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cat /opt/sbin/ipadd.sh #!/bin/bash arg=$ 1
dev=bond0 network= "10.10.251" ##LB2 10.10 . 250
seq= "2 254"
function start() {
for i in `seq $seq`
do ip addr add $network.$i/ 32 dev $dev
done } function stop() {
for i in `seq $seq`
do ip addr del $network.$i/ 32 dev $dev
done } case "$arg" in
start) start ;; stop) stop ;; restart) stop start ;; esac echo "/opt/sbin/ipadd.sh" >> /etc/rc.local ##加入开机启动
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3、keepalived的配置文件
1>配置问的大概说明
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. ├── gobal_module ##全局配置文件 ├── info.txt ##记录集群部署的业务信息 ├── keepalived.conf ##主配置文件 ├── kis_ops_test.conf ##业务配置文件 ├── local_address.conf ##local_address ├── lvs_module ##所有业务的 include 配置
└── realserver #rs目录 └── kis_ops_test_80.conf ##业务的realserver的配置文件 |
2>配置文件的内容说明
[[email protected]_cluster_C1 keepalived]# cat /etc/keepalived/gobal_module
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! global configure file global_defs { notification_email { } notification_email_from [email protected] smtp_server 127.0 . 0.1
smtp_connect_timeout 30
router_id LVS_CLUSTER } |
[[email protected]_cluster_C1 keepalived]# cat /etc/keepalived/local_address.conf
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local_address_group laddr_g1 { 10.10 . 250.2 - 254 ##LB1 10.10 . 251.2 - 254
} |
PS:local_address每个LB不能重复
[[email protected]_cluster_C1 keepalived]# cat /etc/keepalived/lvs_module
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include ./kis_ops_test.conf #测试
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[[email protected]_cluster_C1 keepalived]# cat /etc/keepalived/kis_ops_test.conf
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#把local_address include 进来
include ./local_address.conf
#VIP组,可以有多个vip virtual_server_group kis_ops_test_80 { 114 .11x.9x. 185 80 #kis_ops_test
} virtual_server group kis_ops_test_80 { delay_loop 7
lb_algo wrr lb_kind FNAT protocol TCP nat_mask 255.255 . 255.0
persistence_timeout 0 #回话保持机制,默认为 0
syn_proxy ##开启此参数可以有效防范SynFlood*** laddr_group_name laddr_g1 alpha #开启alpha模式:启动时默认rs是down的状态,健康检查通过后才会添加到vs pool omega #开启omega模式,清除rs时会执行相应的脚本(rs的notify_up,quorum_up) quorum 1 #服务是否有效的阀值(正常工作rs的wight值)
hysteresis 0 #延迟系数跟quorum配合使用
#高于或低于阀值时会执行以下脚本。 quorum_up " ip addr add 114.11x.9x.185/32 dev lo ;"
quorum_down " ip addr del 114.11x.9x.185/32 dev lo ;"
include ./realserver/kis_ops_test_80.conf
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[[email protected]_cluster_C1 ~]# cat /etc/keepalived/realserver/kis_ops_test_80.conf
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#real_server 10.10.2.240 80 { # weight 1 # inhibit_on_failure # TCP_CHECK { # connect_timeout 3 # nb_get_retry 3 ##TCP_CHECK 方式此参数不生效 # delay_before_retry 3 ##TCP_CHECK 方式此参数不生效 # connect_port 80 # } #} real_server 10.10.2.240 80 { weight 1 inhibit_on_failure HTTP_GET { url { path /abc
digest 134b225d509b9c40647377063d211e75 } connect_timeout 3 nb_get_retry 3 delay_before_retry 3 connect_port 80 } } |
到这里LB上的配置基本上完成了,还有一点需要配置哈,那就是要在LB上配置路由策略,不然vip是ping不通的,但是不影响http访问,具体配置如下:
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echo "from 114.11x.9x.0/24 table LVS_CLUSTER" >/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/rule-bond1
echo "default table LVS_CLUSTER via 10.10.254.21 dev bond1" >/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/route-bond1 ##LB1 via 10.10 . 254.17
echo "203 LVS_CLUSTER" >> /etc/iproute2/rt_tables
/etc/init.d/network restart ##重启网络 |
四、realserver的配置
1、realserver需要更换带toa模块的内核,如果不更改的话你的web服务(比如nginx)的日志获取不到用户的真实IP,而是记录了LB的local_address的IP
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centos5系列的系统: rpm -ivh kernel- 2.6 . 18 - 274.18 . 2 .el5.kis_toa.x86_64.rpm
centos6系列的系统: rpm -ivh kernel-toa- 2.6 . 32 - 220.23 . 3 .el6.kis_toa.x86_64.rpm
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2、realserver要能和LB的local_address互访即可,这个要看大家的内网环境了。
五、LB的调优
1、网卡调优,这个很重要,如果不调优大流量下,cpu单核耗尽会把LB搞死的,本人亲身体验过,
具体看参考我之前的文章,高并发、大流量网卡调优
2、内核参数调优
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#该参数决定了,网络设备接收数据包的速率比内核处理这些包的速率快时,允许送到队列的数据包的最大数目 net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 500000
#开启路由转发功能 net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
#修改文件描述符 fs.nr_open = 5242880
fs.file-max = 4194304
sed -i 's/1024/4194304/g' /etc/security/limits.conf
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PS:目前集群有这么个问题,realserver不能访问自己的vip,因为有些业务确实有这样的需要,最后想到以下解决办法:
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1 、如果realserver上有公网IP且和vip是同一个段则需要加路由:
route add -net vip netmask 255.255 . 255.255 gw 114 .11x.9x. 1
2 、如果realserver走的nat网关,而nat网关的出口是和vip同一个网段,那就需要在nat上加如上功能的路由即可
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转载于:https://blog.51cto.com/d109wuwei/1366334