iOS实现UIView渐变效果及实现透明功能
采集俩篇文章
第一篇:
项目需要,需要在图片上显示文字,但是文字的颜色很难控制,有时候与背景图的颜色很接近导致文字难以看清楚,可以通过将图片上显示文字的地方加一层黑色的半透明的背景色来解决这个问题。将这层背景色做成从黑色到透明的渐变。
比如这样一张图,我需要在低端加上介绍文字
可以看到底下变得更黑了,文字更加清楚。
实现方式主要使用了CAGradientLayer。先在ImageView的底端加一个UIView,并在这个UIView上插入一个从透明到黑色的CAGradientLayer,然后再UIView上插入一个Label就行了。
实现代码如下:
- //
- // ViewController.m
- // Layer
- //
- // Created by xuzhaocheng on 14-6-17.
- // Copyright (c) 2014年 Zhejiang University. All rights reserved.
- //
- #import "ViewController.h"
- @interface ViewController ()
- @end
- @implementation ViewController
- {
- CAGradientLayer *_gradientLayer;
- UIView *_layerView;
- UIImageView *_imageView;
- }
- - (void)viewDidLoad
- {
- [super viewDidLoad];
- // Do any additional setup after loading the view, typically from a nib.
- self.view.backgroundColor = [UIColor blueColor];
- UIButton *button = [[UIButton alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(10, 350, 150, 100)];
- [button setTitle:@"显示/隐藏标题" forState:UIControlStateNormal];
- [button addTarget:self action:@selector(buttonPressed) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside];
- [self.view addSubview:button];
- _imageView = [[UIImageView alloc] initWithImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"test"]];
- _imageView.frame = CGRectMake(0, 0, 320, 320);
- UILabel *label = [[UILabel alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(10, 25, 320, 100)];
- label.text = @"我是标题标题标题!";
- label.textColor = [UIColor whiteColor];
- _layerView = [[UIView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0, 320-100, 320, 100)];
- _gradientLayer = [CAGradientLayer layer]; // 设置渐变效果
- _gradientLayer.bounds = _layerView.bounds;
- _gradientLayer.borderWidth = 0;
- _gradientLayer.frame = _layerView.bounds;
- _gradientLayer.colors = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:
- (id)[[UIColor clearColor] CGColor],
- (id)[[UIColor blackColor] CGColor], nil nil];
- _gradientLayer.startPoint = CGPointMake(0.5, 0.5);
- _gradientLayer.endPoint = CGPointMake(0.5, 1.0);
- [_layerView.layer insertSublayer:_gradientLayer atIndex:0];
- [_imageView addSubview:_layerView];
- [_layerView addSubview:label];
- [self.view addSubview:_imageView];
- }
- - (void)buttonPressed
- {
- static BOOL yesOrNo = YES;
- if (yesOrNo) {
- [_layerView removeFromSuperview];
- } else {
- [_imageView addSubview:_layerView];
- }
- yesOrNo = !yesOrNo;
- }
- @end
第二篇:
1. CAGradientLayer实现渐变
CAGradientLayer是CALayer的一个特殊子类,用于生成颜色渐变的图层,使用较为方便,下面介绍下它的相关属性:
-
colors 渐变的颜色
-
locations 渐变颜色的分割点
-
startPoint&endPoint 颜色渐变的方向,范围在(0,0)与(1.0,1.0)之间,如(0,0)(1.0,0)代表水平方向渐变,(0,0)(0,1.0)代表竖直方向渐变
CAGradientLayer *gradientLayer = [CAGradientLayer layer]; gradientLayer.colors = @[(__bridge id)[UIColor redColor].CGColor, (__bridge id)[UIColor yellowColor].CGColor, (__bridge id)[UIColor blueColor].CGColor]; gradientLayer.locations = @[@0.3, @0.5, @1.0]; gradientLayer.startPoint = CGPointMake(0, 0); gradientLayer.endPoint = CGPointMake(1.0, 0); gradientLayer.frame = CGRectMake(0, 100, 300, 100); [self.view.layer addSublayer:gradientLayer];
CAGradientLayer实现渐变标间简单直观,但存在一定的局限性,比如无法自定义整个渐变区域的形状,如环形、曲线形的渐变。
2. Core Graphics相关方法实现渐变
iOS Core Graphics中有两个方法用于绘制渐变颜色,CGContextDrawLinearGradient可以用于生成线性渐变,CGContextDrawRadialGradient用于生成圆半径方向颜色渐变。函数可以自定义path,无论是什么形状都可以,原理都是用来做Clip,所以需要在CGContextClip函数前调用CGContextAddPath函数把CGPathRef加入到Context中。
另外一个需要注意的地方是渐变的方向,方向是由两个点控制的,点的单位就是坐标。因此需要正确从CGPathRef中找到正确的点,方法当然有很多种看具体实现,本例中,我就是简单得通过调用CGPathGetBoundingBox函数,返回CGPathRef的矩形区域,然后根据这个矩形取两个点,读者可以根据自行需求修改具体代码。
1-> 线性渐变
- (void)drawLinearGradient:(CGContextRef)context path:(CGPathRef)path startColor:(CGColorRef)startColor endColor:(CGColorRef)endColor { CGColorSpaceRef colorSpace = CGColorSpaceCreateDeviceRGB(); CGFloat locations[] = { 0.0, 1.0 }; NSArray *colors = @[(__bridge id) startColor, (__bridge id) endColor]; CGGradientRef gradient = CGGradientCreateWithColors(colorSpace, (__bridge CFArrayRef) colors, locations); CGRect pathRect = CGPathGetBoundingBox(path); //具体方向可根据需求修改 CGPoint startPoint = CGPointMake(CGRectGetMinX(pathRect), CGRectGetMidY(pathRect)); CGPoint endPoint = CGPointMake(CGRectGetMaxX(pathRect), CGRectGetMidY(pathRect)); CGContextSaveGState(context); CGContextAddPath(context, path); CGContextClip(context); CGContextDrawLinearGradient(context, gradient, startPoint, endPoint, 0); CGContextRestoreGState(context); CGGradientRelease(gradient); CGColorSpaceRelease(colorSpace); } - (void)viewDidLoad { [super viewDidLoad]; // Do any additional setup after loading the view. //创建CGContextRef UIGraphicsBeginImageContext(self.view.bounds.size); CGContextRef gc = UIGraphicsGetCurrentContext(); //创建CGMutablePathRef CGMutablePathRef path = CGPathCreateMutable(); //绘制Path CGRect rect = CGRectMake(0, 100, 300, 200); CGPathMoveToPoint(path, NULL, CGRectGetMinX(rect), CGRectGetMinY(rect)); CGPathAddLineToPoint(path, NULL, CGRectGetMidX(rect), CGRectGetMaxY(rect)); CGPathAddLineToPoint(path, NULL, CGRectGetWidth(rect), CGRectGetMaxY(rect)); CGPathCloseSubpath(path); //绘制渐变 [self drawLinearGradient:gc path:path startColor:[UIColor greenColor].CGColor endColor:[UIColor redColor].CGColor]; //注意释放CGMutablePathRef CGPathRelease(path); //从Context中获取图像,并显示在界面上 UIImage *img = UIGraphicsGetImageFromCurrentImageContext(); UIGraphicsEndImageContext(); UIImageView *imgView = [[UIImageView alloc] initWithImage:img]; [self.view addSubview:imgView]; }
2-> 圆半径方向渐变
- (void)drawRadialGradient:(CGContextRef)context path:(CGPathRef)path startColor:(CGColorRef)startColor endColor:(CGColorRef)endColor { CGColorSpaceRef colorSpace = CGColorSpaceCreateDeviceRGB(); CGFloat locations[] = { 0.0, 1.0 }; NSArray *colors = @[(__bridge id) startColor, (__bridge id) endColor]; CGGradientRef gradient = CGGradientCreateWithColors(colorSpace, (__bridge CFArrayRef) colors, locations); CGRect pathRect = CGPathGetBoundingBox(path); CGPoint center = CGPointMake(CGRectGetMidX(pathRect), CGRectGetMidY(pathRect)); CGFloat radius = MAX(pathRect.size.width / 2.0, pathRect.size.height / 2.0) * sqrt(2); CGContextSaveGState(context); CGContextAddPath(context, path); CGContextEOClip(context); CGContextDrawRadialGradient(context, gradient, center, 0, center, radius, 0); CGContextRestoreGState(context); CGGradientRelease(gradient); CGColorSpaceRelease(colorSpace); } - (void)viewDidLoad { [super viewDidLoad]; // Do any additional setup after loading the view. //创建CGContextRef UIGraphicsBeginImageContext(self.view.bounds.size); CGContextRef gc = UIGraphicsGetCurrentContext(); //创建CGMutablePathRef CGMutablePathRef path = CGPathCreateMutable(); //绘制Path CGRect rect = CGRectMake(0, 100, 300, 200); CGPathMoveToPoint(path, NULL, CGRectGetMinX(rect), CGRectGetMinY(rect)); CGPathAddLineToPoint(path, NULL, CGRectGetMidX(rect), CGRectGetMaxY(rect)); CGPathAddLineToPoint(path, NULL, CGRectGetWidth(rect), CGRectGetMaxY(rect)); CGPathAddLineToPoint(path, NULL, CGRectGetWidth(rect), CGRectGetMinY(rect)); CGPathCloseSubpath(path); //绘制渐变 [self drawRadialGradient:gc path:path startColor:[UIColor greenColor].CGColor endColor:[UIColor redColor].CGColor]; //注意释放CGMutablePathRef CGPathRelease(path); //从Context中获取图像,并显示在界面上 UIImage *img = UIGraphicsGetImageFromCurrentImageContext(); UIGraphicsEndImageContext(); UIImageView *imgView = [[UIImageView alloc] initWithImage:img]; [self.view addSubview:imgView]; }
3. 以CAShapeLayer作为layer的mask属性
CALayer的mask属性可以作为遮罩让layer显示mask遮住(非透明)的部分;CAShapeLayer为CALayer的子类,通过path属性可以生成不同的形状,将CAShapeLayer对象用作layer的mask属性的话,就可以生成不同形状的图层。故生成颜色渐变有以下几个步骤:
-
生成一个imageView(也可以为layer),image的属性为颜色渐变的图片
-
生成一个CAShapeLayer对象,根据path属性指定所需的形状
-
将CAShapeLayer对象赋值给imageView的mask属性
- (void)viewDidLoad { [super viewDidLoad]; [self.view addSubview:self.firstCircle]; _firstCircle.frame = CGRectMake(0, 0, 200, 200); _firstCircle.center = CGPointMake(CGRectGetWidth(self.view.bounds) / 2.0, CGRectGetHeight(self.view.bounds) / 2.0); CGFloat firsCircleWidth = 5; self.firstCircleShapeLayer = [self generateShapeLayerWithLineWidth:firsCircleWidth]; _firstCircleShapeLayer.path = [self generateBezierPathWithCenter:CGPointMake(100, 100) radius:100].CGPath; _firstCircle.layer.mask = _firstCircleShapeLayer; } - (CAShapeLayer *)generateShapeLayerWithLineWidth:(CGFloat)lineWidth { CAShapeLayer *waveline = [CAShapeLayer layer]; waveline.lineCap = kCALineCapButt; waveline.lineJoin = kCALineJoinRound; waveline.strokeColor = [UIColor redColor].CGColor; waveline.fillColor = [[UIColor clearColor] CGColor]; waveline.lineWidth = lineWidth; waveline.backgroundColor = [UIColor clearColor].CGColor; return waveline; } - (UIBezierPath *)generateBezierPathWithCenter:(CGPoint)center radius:(CGFloat)radius { UIBezierPath *circlePath = [UIBezierPath bezierPathWithArcCenter:center radius:radius startAngle:0 endAngle:2*M_PI clockwise:NO]; return circlePath; } - (UIImageView *)firstCircle { if (!_firstCircle) { self.firstCircle = [[UIImageView alloc] initWithImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"circleBackground"]]; _firstCircle.layer.masksToBounds = YES; _firstCircle.alpha = 1.0; } return _firstCircle; }
转自:点击打开链接
demo地址:https://github.com/xiaochaofeiyu/YSCAnimation