英语语法日记Day2——简单句
英语语法日记——简单句
语法中常见的句型包括简单句、并列句、主从句、并列主从句,其中简单句是一切复杂句型的基础。
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简单句的构成
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简单句的核心成分
一、主语
1、定义:一般放在句子开头,是一句话的主题,全句述说的对象
2、结构:名词性质的词或词组:
(1)名词/代词作主语
(2) 形容词作主语: the+形容词(表示一类人)、being / to be +形容词
(3)动词作主语:doing / to do(sth),当句子主语是动名词或不定式时,可用“it”坐形式主语,防止“头重脚轻”
二、谓语
1、定义:对主语加以陈述,说明主语的行为或状态的动词或动词词组
2、谓语决定句子结构
3、谓语有时只包含一个动词,有时可包含多个动词(有辅助动词)
eg:She doesn’t support the proposal
4、谓语-系动词:
(1)系动词后面必须跟表语,起连接主语和表语的作用
(2)表语是说明主语身份、特征或状态的词或词组
(3)常用系动词如下:be动词、感官动词(feel、look、sound、taste、smell)、变化动词(grow、become、get)、终止系动词(prove、turn out)、持续系动词(stay、keep)、表象系动词(appear、seem)
5、谓语-实义动词:
(1)定义:有实际意义的动词,表示某种行为
(2)分类:不及物动词vi、及物动词vt
三、宾语
1、定义:厂房在vt之后,是动作的承受者
2、结构:名词性质的词或词组:名词/代词、形容词(变形)、动词(变形)
3、双宾语:包含两个宾语,二者都是谓语动词的承受者,间接宾语往往指的人,直接宾语一般指事物,间接宾语有时可置于直接宾语之后,但前面必须加介词to(表示给…)或for(表示为了…)
eg:He told me a joke ——>He told a joke to me
四、宾补
1、定义:起补充说明宁作用的成分,用以弥补宾语意义的不足
2、宾补结构:名词、形容词、非谓语动词(doing、done、to do):
They named the child Tom.
I found the author pessimistic.
We hear him singing in the hall.
She had her hair cut yesterday.
My boss encouraged me to pursue a Master’'s Degree.
3、it作形式宾语:在主+谓+宾+宾补的结构中,当宾语较长,可用it作形式宾语,将真正的宾语放在补语之后:
I find it pleasant to cooperate with others.
She considers it her honor to be a member of the organization. -
简单句的修饰成分
一、独立结构
1、定义:与全句没有语法关系的词或词组,对句子做一些附加说明
2、删除后不会影响句子的基本结构和意义
3、独立结构:感叹词、称呼、插入语:
Well,I give up.
Ladies and Gentlemen,thank you for coming.
The story,I think,is thought-provoking.
二、同位语
1、定义:由词或词组构成,对句子中的名词/代词起进一步解释、说明的作用
2、同位语一般紧跟在其所解释、说明的名词/代词之后
3、名词A与同位语B的关系:A = B ,A>B(信号词:for example,including,particularly,especially):
They all love basketball.
Her favorite novel,Uncle Tom’s cabin,has affected her life.
One answer is fear,according to John,an executive mental coach.
He takes a special interest in botany–namely the study of plants.
三、定语
1、定义:修饰、限定名词/代词的词或词组,汉语中常用”…的“表示
2、分类:前置定语、后置定语
3、前置定语常见结构:形容词、代词、名词、非谓语动词:
The thought-provoking book has changed my life.
The math teacher is charming.
The wind raised the fallen leaves form the ground.
4、后置定语常见结构:形容词短语、介词短语、非谓语动词:
He is the man suitable for the job.
The boy in blue is a straight A student.
The government is trying to find a method to solve the problem.
四、状语
1、定义:可以修饰除了名词/代词以外的所有此或者词组,包括动词、形容词、副词和整个句子
2、常见结构:名词、副词、介词短语、非谓语动词
3、功能:when、where、how、why:
Last week,I attended a lecture.
The book lie on the table.
They read English loudly.
He speaks English very well.
I study hard to get good grades.
Hearing the news, they felt excited.