scrum实战指南_如何在2019年高效地运行Scrum？ 初学者快速指南

scrum实战指南

People go mad about Scrum: many IT blogs write about it, many practical courses promise to teach all Scrum features, many companies want to see a working experience with Scrum in CVs, and so on. Scrum conquers them all. In this post, we define why.

人们对Scrum感到生气：许多IT博客都在撰写有关Scrum的文章，许多实践课程有望教授Scrum的所有功能，许多公司希望看到在ScV中使用Scrum的工作经验，等等。 Scrum征服了所有人。 在这篇文章中，我们定义了原因。

适用于初学者的Scrum项目管理 (Scrum project management for beginners)

Scrum is a popular approach for achieving software agility. This is a method of iterative and incremental product delivery that implicates collaborative decision-making and frequent feedback.

Scrum是一种实现软件敏捷性的流行方法。 这是一种迭代式和增量式产品交付方式，涉及协作决策和频繁反馈。

A Scrum process consists of short

Scrum过程包括简短的

冲刺 (sprints)

. The methodology allows product teams to respond rapidly to changes within

。 该方法可使产品团队快速响应内部的变化

product management. The main idea is to break large projects into smaller stages, reviewing and adapting them along the way. At the very end of the project, Scrum ensures that the most valuable work has been completed. 产品管理 。 主要思想是将大型项目分解为较小的阶段，并一路审查和调整它们。 在项目的最后，Scrum确保最有价值的工作已经完成。

Scrum seriously contrasts with some other approaches, for example, with traditional Waterfall, that requires analysis, extensive creation of requirements, and design documentation before developing.

Scrum与其他一些方法形成了鲜明的对比，例如，与传统的Waterfall相比 ，该方法需要分析，大量创建需求以及在开发之前设计文档。

According to statistics, the overall success rate of projects delivered with the help of Scrum is 62%.

据统计 ，借助Scrum交付的项目的总体成功率为62％。

The term «Scrum» is known from 1986. There was an article in Harvard Business Review by Hirotaka Takeuchi and Ikujiro Nonaka. The authors made an analogy comparing high-performing, cross-functional teams to the Scrum formation used by rugby teams.

“ Scrum”一词早在1986年就已为人所知。竹内弘孝和野中郁次郎在《哈佛商业评论》上有一篇文章。 作者将高性能，跨职能的团队与橄榄球团队使用的Scrum形式进行了类比。

This metaphor related to rugby inspired them to perfectly described the benefits of self-organizing teams in product development.

这个与橄榄球有关的隐喻启发他们完美地描述了自组织团队在产品开发中的优势。

The next “chain elements” that moved this creative idea from the paper to the software development sphere were Jeff Sutherland, Ken Schwaber, and Mike Beedle. They titled the new method as Scrum (in rugby, this term describes how teams form a circle to go for a ball and get it back into a play).

将这个创意从论文转移到软件开发领域的下一个“链元素”是Jeff Sutherland，Ken Schwaber和Mike Beedle。 他们将这种新方法称为Scrum(在橄榄球中，该术语描述了球队如何形成一个圆圈去投球并将其带回比赛中)。

Scrum方法论中的关键角色是什么？ (What are the key roles in Scrum methodology?)

The Scrum methodology requires the participation of three canonical roles. These Scrum “Who” are:

Scrum方法需要三个规范角色的参与。 这些Scrum“谁”是：

• Scrum Master
  Scrum大师
• Product Owner
  产品拥有者
• Team
  球队

A

一个

Scrum大师 (Scrum Master)

keeps the whole process, act as an advocate for the team and protect it. This is a key person who facilitates team communication, removes potential obstacles, arrange all discussions and negotiates with “the external world”. The Scrum master job is typically a full-time position that not include business trips. The main responsibility of this person is to always care about the team and product functionality.

保持整个过程，为团队辩护并保护团队。 这是促进团队沟通，消除潜在障碍，安排所有讨论并与“外部世界”进行谈判的关键人物。 Scrum主工作通常是全职职位，不包括商务旅行。 该人员的主要职责是始终关心团队和产品功能。

Scrum Masters are highly paid role. According to the latest statistics, their professional experience plays a key role in their earnings.

Scrum Masters是高薪角色。 根据最新统计 ，他们的专业经验对他们的收入起着关键作用。

Actually, returning to the current popularity of Scrum, let's remind some more interesting facts, provided by The 2019 Scrum Master Trends Report published by Scrum.org:

实际上，回到Scrum的当前流行度，让我们提醒一些更有趣的事实，该事实由Scrum.org发布的《 2019 Scrum总体趋势报告 》提供：

• Scrum Masters with formal Agile certifications have higher salaries than specialists without it.
  具有正式敏捷认证的Scrum Masters的薪水比没有它的专家高。
• 81% are using Scrum with other Agile practices (Kanban, XP or DevOps).
  81％的人将Scrum与其他敏捷实践(看板，XP或DevOps)一起使用。
• Female salaries in Scrum are higher than their male counterparts' salaries.
  Scrum中的女性薪水高于男性的薪水。

Scrum Master的核心职责是什么？ (What are the core duties of Scrum Masters?)

• Manage all Scrum process
  管理所有Scrum流程
• Coordinate them with the team
  与团队协调
• Improve the efficiency of the development team
  提高开发团队的效率
• Remove impediments
  消除障碍
• Schedule daily meetings, decision-making processes, demos, and retrospective meetings
  安排每日会议，决策过程，演示和回顾会议
• Help the PO to maintain the product backlog in a good shape
  帮助采购订单保持产品积压状态良好

A

一个

产品拥有者 (Product Owner)

(PO) represents the voice of a customer. This person is empowered to make global decisions about the product, maintain a product backlog, define and prioritize all backlog items. He/she also communicates the product vision to the team. Product Owners work in cooperation with their team on a daily basis.

(PO)代表客户的声音。 此人有权做出有关产品的全局决策，维护产品积压订单，定义所有积压订单项并确定优先级。 他/她还将产品愿景传达给团队。 产品负责人每天与团队合作。

The PO is usually accountable for providing a real business goal of the project. He/she assists employees to clearly understand the main idea of the project and cares about financial success.

PO通常负责提供项目的实际业务目标。 他/她协助员工清楚地了解该项目的主要思想，并关心财务上的成功。

产品负责人的主要职责是什么？ (What are the key duties of Product Owners?)

• Turn a project into a successful business product to satisfy customers' needs and wishes, to meet their tastes and be in demand in the market
  将项目转变为成功的商业产品，以满足客户的需求和愿望，满足他们的口味并满足市场需求
• Develop a high-quality working plan, that will be approved with the customer and the Scrum Master
  制定高质量的工作计划，该计划将得到客户和Scrum Master的批准
• Prioritize tasks from the requirement list, define the most relevant features and provide all necessary resources for their implementation
  优先处理需求列表中的任务，定义最相关的功能并提供所有必要的资源来执行它们
• Inspect and accept working progress reports received from Scrum Master
  检查并接受从Scrum Master收到的工作进度报告
• Work on project budgeting
  进行项目预算

队伍 (Teams)

typically involve 6-8 people responsible for product delivery. These specialists make task commitments and estimates, participate in daily Scrum meetings and report their statuses.

通常需要6-8个人负责产品交付。 这些专家做出任务承诺和进行估计，参加Scrum日常会议并报告其状态。

介绍关键的Scrum方法工件 (Introducing to the key Scrum methodology artifacts)

At first sight, the Scrum methodology requires few artifacts but instead, it clearly concentrates on delivering software that produces business value.

乍一看，Scrum方法仅需要很少的工件，而是明显地专注于交付可产生业务价值的软件。

Here’re these artifacts in brief intro:

以下是这些工件的简要介绍：

• A

  一个

  产品积压 (product backlog)

  is a complete set of the functionality that remains to be added to the product. It is usually prioritized by the Product Owner.

  是仍有待添加到产品的完整功能集。 通常由产品负责人确定优先级。

• 积压整理 (Backlog grooming)

  sessions that are also managed by the PO. These sessions are aimed to allow the team to work on the most valuable features first.

  由PO管理的会话。 这些会议旨在使团队能够首先开发最有价值的功能。

• A

  一个

  冲刺积压 ( sprint backlog)

  is a prioritized list of tasks the team needs to complete within a Sprint.

  是团队需要在Sprint中完成的任务的优先列表。

• A

  一个

  燃尽图 (burndown chart)

  , which shows the amount of work remaining in a Sprint. It provides an effective way to determine whether a Sprint is on schedule to have all planned issues finished.

  ，显示Sprint中剩余的工作量。 它提供了一种有效的方法来确定Sprint是否按计划完成所有计划的问题。

Scrum仪式 (Scrum ceremonies)

The Scrum methodology is closely related to special ceremonies and meetings. Sprint planning meetings, daily standups, the Sprint review, and the retrospective are the required Scrum events. A release planning meeting can be optional.

Scrum方法与特殊的仪式和会议密切相关。 Sprint计划会议，每日站立，Sprint审查和回顾是必需的Scrum活动。 发布计划会议可以是可选的。

什么是Sprint计划？ (What is Sprint planning?)

A sprint planning meeting is held on the first day of every Sprint. It requires the participation of all the roles. Here's how it goes:

每个Sprint的第一天都会举行一次Sprint计划会议。 它需要所有角色的参与。 这是怎么回事：

• A Product Owner presents the features to be completed in a Sprint.
  产品负责人介绍了要在Sprint中完成的功能。
• The team identifies the tasks to implement these features.
  团队确定实现这些功能的任务。
• All participants review estimates to see if there is a time to complete all the features requested.
  所有参与者都会查看估算值，以查看是否有时间完成所有要求的功能。
• The team commits to the Sprint.
  团队致力于冲刺。
• If not, the low-priority features go back into the backlog.
  如果没有，则低优先级功能会返回到积压中。

什么是追踪进度？ (What is tracking progress?)

After the Sprint planning, the team begins to track the progress of tasks. Here you can not do without reliable and convenient task boards.

在完成Sprint计划后，团队开始跟踪任务的进度。 在这里，您离不开可靠，方便的任务板。

The boards assist in tracking the progress of tasks for each feature. The simple columns such as To Do, Doing, and are really helpful. A daily Scrum meeting can be also easy appointed on such a board.

这些板有助于跟踪每个功能的任务进度。 简单的列(例如To Do，Doing)确实很有帮助。 在这样的董事会上，每天召开Scrum会议也很容易。

Here are some examples of Scrum boards. In Trello:

这是Scrum板的一些示例。 在Trello中：

and in Hygger:

在Hygger中：

什么是冲刺审查？ (What is a sprint review?)

The meeting is aimed to invite stakeholders to make a review at the end of the sprint. They review all the features that were completed and request feedback.

会议旨在邀请利益相关者在冲刺结束时进行审核。 他们查看所有已完成的功能并请求反馈。

The PO tracks all feedback details and incorporates them into the product backlog if needed. The team conducts a retrospective that determines what was done well, what they struggled with or what improvements are needed.

PO跟踪所有反馈详细信息，并在需要时将其合并到产品积压中。 团队进行回顾，以确定做得好，遇到的困难或需要改进的地方。

什么是发布计划？ (What is release planning?)

This event is aimed to do long-term planning for multiple sprints. Release planning meetings are typically done quarterly. They also require the participation of all team members.

该活动旨在为多个冲刺做长期计划。 发布计划会议通常每季度举行一次。 他们还需要所有团队成员的参与。

The Product Owner presents the features to be completed in the following quarter. Such planning can be feature-driven, cost-driven or time-driven.

产品负责人介绍了将在下个季度完成的功能。 这样的计划可以是功能驱动，成本驱动或时间驱动的。

Now, when everything is laid it out and there is a general understanding of the Scrum methodology, it is worth to define why it is still popular in 2019 and it's gaining the attention of many teams and projects.

现在，当一切都摆好了，并且对Scrum方法有了一个大致的了解后，有必要定义一下为什么它在2019年仍然流行，并引起了许多团队和项目的关注。

在2019年选择Scrum方法的5个重要理由 (5 strong reasons to choose Scrum methodology in 2019)

1. Scrum is rather simple. It includes not many artifacts and teams quickly realize the benefits from it.
   Scrum非常简单。 它包含的工件不多，因此团队可以很快从中受益。
2. The center of the development process in Scrum is a customer, that makes the methodology one of the most customer-focused.
   Scrum开发过程的中心是客户，这使得该方法学成为最关注客户的方法之一。
3. Scrum team members work closely together towards a common goal, so their internal relations are transparent and based on trust.
   Scrum团队成员紧密合作以实现一个共同的目标，因此他们的内部关系是透明的并且基于信任。
4. The method allows teams to feel more flexible to evolve business goals and altering requirements. Scrum teams can react as quickly as possible.
   该方法使团队能够更加灵活地制定业务目标和更改需求。 Scrum团队可以尽快做出React。
5. Scrum is a transparent process that engages all stakeholders. This transparency is permanently improved thanks to daily meetings by discussing progress, planning adjustments, and delivering feedback.
   Scrum是一个透明的过程，所有利益相关者都参与其中。 通过讨论进展情况，计划调整并提供反馈，这种日常工作可以永久提高透明度。

如何使用功能强大的项目管理工具运行Scrum？ (How to run Scrum with a powerful project management tool?)

Nothing scared. Just easy steps and clear functionality. Here's how it can be visualized with the help of Hygger.io:

没事 简单的步骤和清晰的功能。 这是在Hygger.io的帮助下如何可视化的方法 ：

The platform proposes a wide toolkit for working with Scrum. First of all, you are able to create a simple Sprint board.

该平台为使用Scrum提供了一个广泛的工具包。 首先，您可以创建一个简单的Sprint板。

Then you fill a working board with tasks, evaluate them and launch the first Sprint. You'll have several options for evaluation – both in Story Points and in hours to run Sprint planning.

然后，在工作板上填充任务，评估它们并启动第一个Sprint。 您将有多个评估选项–故事点和运行Sprint计划的小时数。

You are also free to log working time. Once all necessary estimations are done, you may start a new Sprint.

您还可以自由记录工作时间。 完成所有必要的估算后，您可以开始一个新的Sprint。

The Sprint progress can be controlled with the Burndown chart. Next, you can analyze the results after releasing the sprint. In Sprint boards you'll also find a historical summary of all sprints that were released on it. Choose the History section of the board menu.

可以使用燃尽图控制Sprint进度。 接下来，您可以在释放冲刺后分析结果。 在Sprint板中，您还将找到发布在其上的所有Sprint的历史摘要。 选择面板菜单的“历史记录”部分。

Looks easy, right?

看起来很简单，对吧？

最后的想法 (Final thoughts)

In order to get the best understanding of how the work flows with Scrum, try to read more about the methodology, watch available video tutorials form famous Scrum coaches and study useful Scrum guides and learning centers. You should track everything that happens closely and note all specific moments in the work with Scrum. Improving professional Scrum education and getting Scrum certification is also a great idea.

为了最好地了解Scrum的工作流程，请尝试阅读有关方法的更多信息，观看著名Scrum教练提供的****，并研究有用的Scrum指南和学习中心。 您应该跟踪发生的所有事情，并注意Scrum工作中的所有特定时刻。 改善专业的Scrum教育并获得Scrum认证也是一个好主意。

Today Scrum is a popular Agile framework that helps to deliver valued products iteratively, continually inspecting and adapting the process.

如今，Scrum是一种流行的敏捷框架，可帮助迭代地交付有价值的产品，不断检查和调整流程。

Hopefully, our quick overview of Scrum was helpful and you got the real inspiration to apply it in project management.

希望我们对Scrum的快速概述会有所帮助，并且您获得了将其应用于项目管理的真正灵感。

Feel free to learn about other methodologies to compare, leave your feedback in comments and succeed in Scrum! 随时了解其他比较方法，将您的反馈留在评论中并在Scrum中取得成功！

翻译自: https://habr.com/en/company/hygger/blog/455022/

scrum实战指南