NCE4 L5 Youth
Lesson 5 Youth 青年
First listen and then answer the following question:
听录音,然后回答以下问题。
How does the writer like to treat young people?
People(经常做被批判对象) are always(主观副词) talking about(通常表示作者的不满) ‘the problem of(表示同位语) youth’. (开门见山,提出问题:issuse/topic)
上篇文章是说明文(exposition),这篇文章是议论文(argumentation)
argumentation
argue pro and con 正反两方面进行论述
con -> contrary
人们总是谈论着青年人这个问题。
be always/constantly/forever/continually/invariably doing 进行时表示频繁发生,是主观强调(不满)
He’s often late. often 比较客观,他经常迟到
He’ always late. always 主观色彩:表示他总是迟到
the island of(表示同位语关系) Taiwan
the city of(表示同位语关系) Beijing
If there is one – which I take leave(presume/venture/take the liberty of doubting) to doubt – thenit is(强调句型,不充当句子成分,可去掉 it is 和 who,不影响意思) older people who(可以替换成 that) create(引发,引起) it, not(表示对比反差,可换成 far more than / rather than / instead of) the young themselves. (stand point 作者的立场、观点、论点:doubt,直接摆明自己的态度)
If …, then 写作句型
Although s’ + v’, (不能加 but,因为已经有连词 although)s + v.
If s’ + v’, then(此处是副词,不是连词) s + v
Just as s’ + v’, so s + v
It is the fact that I love you that matters.
The fact that I love you matters. 我爱你这一事实很重要 / 重要的是我爱你,这是个事实
youth
the young
elder people
babyhood 婴儿期 -> baby
infancy 幼儿期 -> infant
toddler 蹒跚学步的孩童 -> toddle 小孩子蹒跚学步
childhood 少年时期 -> child 儿童
boyhood 少男时期
girlhood 少女时期
teen(13-19岁) -> teenage -> teenager 13-19 岁的青年
twelve, 13 teen, 19 teen, twenty
adolescence 青春期的青少年 -> adolescent 青春期
juvenile adj. 青少年的 books / courts 青少年书/法庭
youth 青年
adulthood 成人阶段
in one’s early years 老年人写回忆时这么写
before one grows old
in one’s declining years 在自己的风烛残年(晚年)
from the cradle to the grave 从摇篮到坟墓
the young
the old 中性词,不太礼貌
erder people
senior citizens 年长的公民,老年人
80 young 避免使用 old
grey 年老 A fox may grow grey, but never grow good. 狐狸????可能会变老,但绝不会变好
grey hairs 年长之人
the aged 上了年纪的人
elders 年长的人
老年的:the old, the aged
老年人:elders, elder people
老年人:senior citizen, grey hairs
Smith major/minor 大/小史密斯
Smith (seninor/junior) 老/小史密斯
create vt. 1.创造 2.引起/发
Her appearance created a sensation. 她的出现引起了轰动。
Her behavior created a bad impression.
Let us get down to(静下心来去做某事) fundamentals(基本道理,常识 common sense) and agree(承认) that the young are after all human beings – people(同位语) just like their elders(同位语加后定,elders 年长者,长辈). (此句是论述 argument)
Let us wait for Tom in this reading-room, will you ?
Let’s go and listen to the music, shall we ?
分开写不包括说话人,合起来写包括说话人
get down to one’s business 静下心来做正经事
get down to one’s work/study
get down to the details
There is only one(a single/solitary/unique) difference between an old man and a young one(代替man): the young man has a glorious(splendid/brilliant/magnificent) future(prospect/outlook) before(ahead of) him and the old one has a splendid future behind him: and(语法上并列,逻辑上解释) maybe that is where the rub is(名词性从句做表语,表语从句).
unique 数量的唯一/独一无二 Human being’s unque talent is speech.
id - ego - superego
glas 四贪
glutton 吃
lust 色
avarice 财
sloth 睡
四种名词性从句:主宾表同
That’s how(the way that) we handled the problem.
That’s why(the reason why) I don’t go there any more.
Is she who(the one who) you are looking for?
That’s what(the thing that) I need.
I wander where I shall go(名词性从句,宾语从句).
This is the village where I ever lived 10 years(形容词,定语从句).
Put the bicycle where it used to be(副词,状语从句).
When I was(可以替换成 As) a teenager(属于youth), I felt(认为,觉得,thought) that I was just young and uncertain(对自己的identity不确定:who am I?) – that(和之前的that是互相解释的关系) I was a new boy in a huge school, and(引导并列句) I would have been(对过去的虚拟,站在现在对过去的虚拟) very pleased to(很满意) be regarded as something so interesting as a problem(像…一样有趣).
As + n. prep. 作为
be certain of / about 对 … 确定
When I was …, …, and …
and I would have been very pleased if I had been regarded as sth. of(某种东西) a problem.
For one thing(On the one hand), being a problem gives you a certain identity(某种身份), and that is one of the things the young are busily engaged in(忙于) seeking(追求).
For one thing, … , for another …
For one thing 可以单独存在,On the one hand 不行
for certain reasons
on certain conditions
a certain Mr. Brown 某位 Brown 先生
a certain reluctance in one’s attitude
seek
pursue
woo
court
chase
run after
这一段站在年轻人角度进行论述
I find young people exciting.
此句是总,以下是分
They have an air of freedom, and they have not a dreary commitment to(他们不会单调地致力于) mean ambitions(野心,抱负) or love of comfort(贪图享受).
air 气场 an air of mystery / seriousness 一脸神秘/严肃
manner
appearance
arrogant airs 傲气
bureacratic airs 官气
finicky airs 娇气
a moderate ambition 不大的理想
a modest ambition 一个小理想
a soaring ambition 凌云壮志
mean ambition 庸俗的理想
They are not anxious social climbers, and they have no devotion to(commitment的同义改写,have not the slightest/the least) material things(没有物质享受).
一心往上爬
status seeker == social climber
All this seems to me(in my eyes/opinion) to link them with(把…连接起来) life, and the origins of things.
在我看来,他们和生命、万物的起源联系在了一起
It’s as if they were, in some sense(to some degree/extent/ in some measure 某种程度上), cosmic beings(天外来客) in violent and lovely(striking/stark) contrast with us suburban creatures(同位语,解释 us,凡夫俗子)(后置定语).
as if 仿佛,后面可以接虚拟语气,也可以不接(此处接了)
rational beings 理性的人们
他们仿佛是天外来客,和我们这些凡夫俗子形成绝妙的反差
in + n. + with, etc 和 … 处于 … 状态
in agreement with
in contradition with
in contrast with
in conflict with 和 … 有冲突
in clash with
in … of 处于 … 的 in fear/need/despair/dread of
in return for / in response to
The dazzling tourists are in striking/stark/violent contrast with the local poverty-stricken people.
衣着光鲜的游客们和当地穷困潦倒的人们形成鲜明的反差
a dazzling bride 光彩照人的新娘
All that is in my mind when(可变成 whenever) I meet a young person.
when -> whenever
He may be conceited(自命不凡,自以为是), ill-mannered(没礼貌的), presumptuous(自以为是的) or fatuous(自满的,愚蠢的), but I do not turn for protection to dreary cliches(陈词滥调) about respect for elders – as if mere(only,just) age were a reason for respect.
ill -> good/well
well-educated ill-educated
well-timed 合时宜的 ill-timed 不合时宜的
ill-bred 没教养的 well-bred 有教养的
good-mannered ill-mannered
good-omened 好兆头 ill-omened 坏兆头
I accept(think 认为) that we are equals, and I will argue with him, as an equal, if I think he is wrong.
I cannot accept that he is to blame. (否定转移)我认为他不应该收到责备
peer n. 1.同年龄的人 2. 同级别的人
equal 此处可数
counterpart 对应的角色
opposite number 对应的角色
FIELDEN HUGHES from Out of the Air, The Listener
A group of young people
New words and expressions 生词和短语
leave n.允许
(1)(离开)假 ask for leave 请假
take French leave 法国式的离开,不辞而别
I am a Dutchman if …
Dutch act 荷兰行为,自杀
Dutch auction 荷兰式拍卖,出价越来越低
Dutch courage / comfort 酒后之勇 / 阿Q式的安慰
go Dutch with sb. 和… AA制
(2)permission
May I take leave to ask you a question? 我可以冒昧地问您一个问题吗?(比较正式)
== presume 斗胆,冒险 / venture / take the liberty of doing 冒昧
fundamentals n.基本原则
fundamental 基本的
the fundamentals of the religion 该宗教的基本知识
the fundamentals of the philosophy 该哲学的基本知识
the fundamentals of the Buddhism 佛教的基本知识
glorious adj.光辉灿烂的
glory n. the glory of the sunset 落日的辉煌 => the glorious sunset / one’s glorious past
to return with glory 凯旋而归/衣锦还乡
to win glory for one’s motherland 为国争光
to send sb. to glory 送某人归西
brilliant a.
splendid a.
magnificent a.
glorious a.
splendid adj.灿烂的
rub n.难题
v. 摩擦 => rubber 橡皮
rub shoulders with sb. 和某人(一般是名人,大人物)交往
rub along with sb. 和某人相处得不错,过得去
get along with sb. 和上面意思一样
n. 难题 == problem == a thorny(棘手的) problem
That’s the rub. 这就是问题所在
That’s where the rub is. 这就是问题之所在
identity n.身份
dreary adj.沉郁的
dreary adj. 1. 沉闷的,阴郁的 a dreary day / morning
2.单调的,枯燥的 a dreary meeting / a dreary companion 闷不做声的伙伴
boring
mo’notonous 单调的
dreary
dull
commitment n.信奉
commit vt. 1. to commit an error 犯错 / to commit suicide 自杀 / commit a crime/murder 犯罪/犯谋杀罪 / to commit an adultery 通奸罪
2.(give) to commit a child to a doctor’s care 把孩子托付给医生照顾
to commit the papers(加s说明不是纸,而是报纸、文件资料、论文等) to the fire 将这些文件资料付之一炬
to commit sb. to prison 把某人关进牢房
to commit sb’s body to the earth/flames 把某人的尸体埋了/火化掉
to commit sth. to pen 用笔记下某事
to commit oneself to sth. / to do sth. 致力某事(重要)
be committed to sth.
devote oneself to 这里的 to 只能是介词,to sth./doing sth.
dedicate oneself to 这里的 to 只能是介词,to sth./doing sth.
commit oneself to 这个用法更宽泛,可以 + sth. / to do …
commitment
a sense of commitment 使命感,忠诚感
a sense of humor / responsibility
mean adj.吝啬,小气
1.吝啬的/小气的
2.卑鄙的/卑劣的
a mean miser 一个卑鄙的小气鬼
a mean trick 一个卑劣的诡计
be mean with money 对钱很吝啬
frugal (腐乳够)节俭的
thrifty 节俭的
economical 节俭的/经济的
mean 贬义,小气的
social climber 追求更高社会地位的人,向上爬的人
devotion n.热爱
cosmic adj.宇宙的
cosmos n. 宇宙 / universe
cosmic 宇宙的 a cosmic being / a cosmic creature / a cosmic form of life
being => creature 生物(人/动物)
He is a being 他是一个畜生
universe / cosmos / galaxy / the Milky Way 银河系 / the solar/lunar system 太阳系/月亮系
八大行星:
水星:Mercury (水银)墨丘利
金星:Venus
地球:Earth
火星:Mars (战神)
木星:Jupiter (朱庇特)
土星:Saturn(农神)
天王星:Uranus
海王星:Neptune
冥王星:Pluto
suburban adj.见识不广的,偏狭的
suburb 郊区
suburban 1.郊区的 2. 心胸狭隘的,见识不广的
go up to London
urban 都市的,城市的
urbane 礼貌的,有教养的,温文尔雅的
province 省
provincial 1.省的 2. 外省的 3. suburban 心胸狭隘的,见识不广的
insular 1.岛屿的 2. 心胸狭隘的,见识不广的
suburban 郊区的,心胸狭隘的
insular 岛屿的,心胸狭隘的
provincial 外省的,心胸狭隘的
urbane 彬彬有礼的
conceited adj.自高自大的
conceit n. 自负
conceited a. 自以为是的,自大的
He’s full of conceit.
a conceited young man.
presumptuous adj 自以为是的,放肆的
presume v. 1.假设 2. 冒昧,斗胆
presumptuous
reckless 鲁莽的,不计后果的
fatuous adj. 愚蠢的
adj. 沾沾自喜的,自满的
a fatuous smile 自满的笑
a fatuous yound man
conceited 自负的
presumptuous 鲁莽的
fatuous 自满的
都可以指年轻人
cliche n.陈词滥调
是一个法语词
a flea-ridden place
a poverty-ridden place
a cliche-ridden newpaper article 一篇充满陈词滥调的报纸文章
cliche == platitude == hackneyed sayings 陈词滥调
Notes on the text 课文注释
1 which I take leave to doubt,这是一个插入成分,用两个破折号与句子的主要部分分工。take leave to do sth.是“擅自做”,“冒昧去做”的意思。
2 get down to,认真处理,认真研究。
3 … that is where the rub is. There’s the rub. = That’s the problem 这就是问题所在
4 for one thing,首先。
5 air of freedom,无拘无束。
6 in some sense,在某种意义上。
7 turn to…for …,为…而求助于…。
参考译文
人们总是在谈论“青年问题”。如果这个问题存在的话 – 请允许我对此持怀疑态度 – 那么,这个问题是由老年人而不是青年人造成的。让我们来认真研究一些基本事实:承认青年人和他们的长辈一样也是人。老年人和青年人只有一个区别:青年人有光辉灿烂的前景,而老年人的辉煌已成为过去。 问题的症结恐怕就在这里。 我十几岁时,总感到自己年轻,有些事拿不准 – 我是一所大学里的一名新生,如果我当时真的被看成像一个问题那样有趣,我会感到很得意的。因为这至少使我得到了某种承认,这正是年轻人所热衷追求的。
我觉得年轻人令人振奋,无拘无束。他们既不追逐卑鄙的名利,也不贪图生活的舒适。他们不热衷于向上爬,也不一味追求物质享受。在我看来,所有这些使他们与生命和万物之源联系在了一起。从某种意义上讲,他们似乎是宇宙人,同我们这些凡夫俗子形成了强烈而鲜明的对照。每逢我遇到年轻人,脑子里就想到这些年轻人也许狂妄自负,举止无理,傲慢放肆,愚昧无知,但我不会用应当尊重长者这一套陈词滥调来为我自己辨护,似乎年长就是受人尊敬的理由。我认为我和他们是平等的。如果我认为他们错了,我就以平等的身份和他们争个明白。