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(转)MySQL主主互备结合keepalived实现高可用

分类: 文章 • 2025-03-12 20:05:09

MySQL主主互备结合keepalived实现高可用

原文：http://7424593.blog.51cto.com/7414593/1741717

试验环境：

master：192.168.1.210（CentOS6.5）

slave：192.168.1.211（CentOS6.5）

VIP：192.168.1.208

 

MySQL主主互备模式配置

step1：Master服务的/etc/my.cnf配置

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[mysqld]
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /var/lib/mysql
port = 3306
socket = /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
 
server_id = 1
log-bin = mysql-bin
relay-log = mysql-relay-bin
replicate-wild-ignore-table=mysql.%   #指定不需要复制的库，mysql.%表示mysql库下的所有对象
replicate-wild-ignore-table=test.%
replicate-wild-ignore-table=information_schema.%

step2：Slave服务的/etc/my.cnf配置

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[mysqld]
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /var/lib/mysql
port = 3306
socket = /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
 
server_id = 2
log-bin = mysql-bin
relay-log = mysql-relay-bin
replicate-wild-ignore-table=mysql.%
replicate-wild-ignore-table=test.%
replicate-wild-ignore-table=information_schema.%

step3：重启两台主从mysql服务

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[[email protected] ~]# service mysqld restart
Shutting down MySQL..                                      [  OK  ]
Starting MySQL.                                            [  OK  ]
[[email protected] ~]# service mysqld restart
Shutting down MySQL..                                      [  OK  ]
Starting MySQL.                                            [  OK  ]

 

step4：查看主从的log-bin日志状态

记录File和Position的值

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[[email protected] ~]# mysql -uroot -ppasswd -e 'show master status'
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File             | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| mysql-bin.000001 |      414 |              |                  |                   |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
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[[email protected] ~]# mysql -uroot -ppasswd -e 'show master status'
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File             | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| mysql-bin.000001 |      414 |              |                  |                   |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+

 

step5：创建主从同步replication用户

1、master

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mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to 'replication'@'192.168.1.211' identified by 'replication';
mysql> flush privileges;
mysql> change master to
    -> master_host='192.168.1.211',
    -> master_user='replication',
    -> master_password='replication',
    -> master_port=3306,
    -> master_log_file='mysql-bin.000001',
    -> master_log_pos=414;
mysql> start slave;

2、slave

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mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to 'replication'@'192.168.1.210' identified by 'replication';
mysql> flush privileges;
mysql> change master to
    -> master_host='192.168.1.210',
    -> master_user='replication',
    -> master_password='replication',
    -> master_port=3306,
    -> master_log_file='mysql-bin.000001',
    -> master_log_pos=414;
mysql> start slave;


同步失败可能需要停止或重设slave

mysql> stop slave;

mysql> reset slave;

 

step6：分别在master和slave上查看slave状态，验证是否成功配置主主复制模式

1、master

(转)MySQL主主互备结合keepalived实现高可用

2、slave

(转)MySQL主主互备结合keepalived实现高可用

slave状态同步过程可能需要重启MySQL服务

[[email protected] ~]# service mysqld restart
[[email protected] ~]# service mysqld restart

 

step7：验证，在master上创建test1数据库，slave上查看是否同步

1、master上创建test1数据库

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[[email protected] ~]# mysql -uroot -ppasswd -e 'create database test1'

2、slave上查看是否同步创建test1

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[[email protected] ~]# mysql -uroot -ppasswd -e 'show databases'
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| test1              |
+--------------------+

 

安装和配置keepalived实现MySQL双主高可用

step1：安装keepalived

方法一：使用yum安装keepalived，需要安装epel-release源

[[email protected] ~]# rpm -ivh http://mirrors.opencas.cn/epel/6/i386/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm
[[email protected] ~]# rpm -ivh http://mirrors.opencas.cn/epel/6/i386/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm

[[email protected] ~]# yum -y install keepalived

(转)MySQL主主互备结合keepalived实现高可用

查看keepalived相关目录

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[[email protected] ~]# ls /usr/sbin/keepalived 
/usr/sbin/keepalived
[[email protected] ~]# ls /etc/init.d/keepalived 
/etc/init.d/keepalived
[[email protected] ~]# ls /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf 
/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf

 

方法二：从keepalived官方网站http://www.keepalived.org下载源代码包编译安装

1、下载keepalived最新版

[[email protected] ~]# wget http://www.keepalived.org/software/keepalived-1.2.19.tar.gz

[[email protected] ~]# wget http://www.keepalived.org/software/keepalived-1.2.19.tar.gz

2、安装keepalived依赖软件包

[[email protected] ~]# yum install  pcre-devel openssl-devel popt-devel libnl-devel

3、解压并安装keepalived

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[[email protected] ~]# tar zxf keepalived-1.2.19.tar.gz 
[[email protected] ~]# cd keepalived-1.2.19
 
[[email protected] keepalived-1.2.19]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/keepalived 
--sysconf=/etc --with-kernel-dir=/usr/src/kernels/2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64

(转)MySQL主主互备结合keepalived实现高可用

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[[email protected] keepalived-1.2.19]# make
[[email protected] keepalived-1.2.19]# make install

查看keepalived相关的文件

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[[email protected] keepalived-1.2.19]# ls /etc/keepalived/
keepalived.conf  samples
[[email protected] keepalived-1.2.19]# ls /etc/init.d/keepalived 
/etc/init.d/keepalived

链接/usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived到/sbin/目录

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[[email protected] keepalived-1.2.19]# ln -s /usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived /sbin/

设置keepalived启动级别

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[[email protected] keepalived-1.2.19]# chkconfig --add keepalived
[[email protected] keepalived-1.2.19]# chkconfig --level 35 keepalived on

 

step2：配置keepalived

1、Master的keepalived.conf配置文件

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! Configuration File for keepalived
 
global_defs {
   notification_email {
     [email protected]
     [email protected]
   }
   notification_email_from [email protected]  
   smtp_server 127.0.0.1
   smtp_connect_timeout 30
   router_id LVS_DEVEL
}
 
vrrp_instance HA_1 {
    state BACKUP                #master和slave都配置为BACKUP
    interface eth0              #指定HA检测的网络接口
    virtual_router_id 80        #虚拟路由标识，主备相同
    priority 100                #定义优先级，slave设置90
    advert_int 1                #设定master和slave之间同步检查的时间间隔
    nopreempt                   #不抢占模式。只在优先级高的机器上设置即可
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 1111
    }
 
    virtual_ipaddress {                 #设置虚拟IP，可以设置多个，每行一个
        192.168.1.208/24 dev eth0       #MySQL对外服务的IP，即VIP
    }
}
 
virtual_server 192.168.1.208 3306 {
    delay_loop 2                    #每隔2秒查询real server状态
    lb_algo wrr                     #lvs 算法
    lb_kinf DR                      #LVS模式（Direct Route）
    persistence_timeout 50
    protocol TCP
 
    real_server 192.168.1.210 3306 {    #监听本机的IP
        weight 1
        notify_down /usr/local/keepalived/bin/mysql.sh
        TCP_CHECK {
        connect_timeout 10         #10秒无响应超时
        bingto 192.168.1.208
        nb_get_retry 3
        delay_before_retry 3
        connect_port 3306
        }
    }
 
}

keepalived检测脚本，当其中一台MySQL服务出现故障down掉时，实现自动切换到正常的MySQL服务器继续提供服务

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[[email protected] ~]# vim /usr/local/keepalived/bin/mysql.sh
#!/bin/bash
pkill keepalived

 

2、Slave的keepalived.conf配置文件

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! Configuration File for keepalived
 
global_defs {
   notification_email {
     [email protected]
     [email protected]
   }
   notification_email_from [email protected]
   smtp_server 127.0.0.1
   smtp_connect_timeout 30
   router_id LVS_DEVEL
}
 
vrrp_instance HA_1 {
    state BACKUP                #master和slave都配置为BACKUP
    interface eth0              #指定HA检测的网络接口
    virtual_router_id 80        #虚拟路由标识，主备相同
    priority 90                #定义优先级，slave设置90
    advert_int 1                #设定master和slave之间同步检查的时间间隔
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 1111
    }
 
    virtual_ipaddress {                 #设置虚拟IP，可以设置多个，每行一个
        192.168.1.208/24 dev eth0       #MySQL对外服务的IP，即VIP
    }
}
 
virtual_server 192.168.1.208 3306 {
    delay_loop 2
    lb_algo wrr
    lb_kinf DR
    persistence_timeout 50
    protocol TCP
 
    real_server 192.168.1.211 3306 {    #监听本机的IP
        weight 1
        notify_down /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql.sh
        TCP_CHECK {
        connect_timeout 10
        bingto 192.168.1.208            
        nb_get_retry 3
        delay_before_retry 3
        connect_port 3306
        }
    }
 
}

 

step3：授权VIP的root用户权限

授权远程主机可以通过VIP登录MySQL，并测试数据复制功能

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mysql> grant all on *.* to [email protected]'192.168.1.208' identified by '741616710';
mysql> flush privileges;

step4：测试keepalived高可用功能

1、远程主机登录通过VIP192.168.1.208登录MySQL，查看MySQL连接状态

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mysql> show variables like 'hostname%';
+---------------+--------+
| Variable_name | Value  |
+---------------+--------+
| hostname      | master |
+---------------+--------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

(转)MySQL主主互备结合keepalived实现高可用

从上面查看的结果看样看出在正常情况下连接的是master

 

2、故障测试，停止master的MySQL服务，再次查看是否转移至slave服务器上

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[[email protected] ~]# service mysqld stop
Shutting down MySQL.... SUCCESS!
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mysql> show variables like 'hostname%';
ERROR 2013 (HY000): Lost connection to MySQL server during query
mysql> show variables like 'hostname%';
ERROR 2006 (HY000): MySQL server has gone away
No connection. Trying to reconnect...
Connection id:    1268
Current database: *** NONE ***
 
+---------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+-------+
| hostname      | slave |
+---------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)

(转)MySQL主主互备结合keepalived实现高可用

由测试结果可以看出，keepalived成功转移MySQL服务

 

 

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