初学IDEA使用，调试一晚上，终于能够正常运行。
idea 2018.2.4
mysql 8.0.13
mybatis 3.4.6

1.新建一个maven项目

新建一个mybatisTest项目，pom.xml文件内根据 https://search.maven.org/ 搜索填写即可

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <groupId>mybatisTest</groupId>
    <artifactId>mybatisTest</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
            <version>3.4.6</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>8.0.13</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.12</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

2.准备好本地MySQL数据库表

数据库表格结构如下

3.建立对应的数据库表JavaBean

注意：类中的字段要和数据库中列名保持一致

User.java

public class User {
    private Integer id;
    private String name;
    private String sex;
    private String addr;

    public User() {
    }

    public User(Integer id, String name, String sex, String addr) {
        this.id = id;
        this.name = name;
        this.sex = sex;
        this.addr = addr;
    }

    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Integer id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getSex() {
        return sex;
    }

    public void setSex(String sex) {
        this.sex = sex;
    }

    public String getAddr() {
        return addr;
    }

    public void setAddr(String addr) {
        this.addr = addr;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "User{" +
                "id=" + id +
                ", name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", sex='" + sex + '\'' +
                ", addr='" + addr + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

4.根据mybatis文档填写JDBC.properties配置文件、mybatisConfig.xml配置文件和UserMapper映射文件

JDBC.properties

driver=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test?serverTimezone=Asia/Shanghai
username=root
password=****

mybatisConfig.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
    <properties resource="JDBC.properties"/>
    
    <environments default="mysql">
        <environment id="mysql">
            <transactionManager type="JDBC"/>
            <dataSource type="POOLED">
                <property name="driver" value="${driver}"/>
                <property name="url" value="${url}"/>
                <property name="username" value="${username}"/>
                <property name="password" value="${password}"/>
            </dataSource>
        </environment>
    </environments>
    
    <mappers>
        <mapper resource="cn/mybatis/bean/userMapper.xml"/>
    </mappers>
    
</configuration>

userMapper.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="cn.mybatis.bean" >
    <select id="selectUserById"  parameterType="java.lang.Integer" resultType="cn.mybatis.bean.User">
            select * from user where id=#{id}
    </select>
</mapper>

5.编写测试代码

TestMybatis.java

import cn.mybatis.bean.User;
import org.apache.ibatis.io.Resources;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactoryBuilder;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;

public class TestMybatis {
    public SqlSessionFactory factory = null;

    @Before
    public void init() throws IOException {
        InputStream in = Resources.getResourceAsStream("mybatisConfig.xml");
        factory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(in);
    }

    @Test
    public void testSelectOne() {
        SqlSession session = factory.openSession();
        Integer id = 2;
        User user = session.selectOne("selectUserById", id);
        System.out.println(user);
        session.close();
    }
}

运行结果为：

org.apache.ibatis.exceptions.PersistenceException: 
### Error building SqlSession.
### The error may exist in cn/mybatis/bean/userMapper.xml
### Cause: org.apache.ibatis.builder.BuilderException: Error parsing SQL Mapper Configuration. Cause: java.io.IOException: Could not find resource cn/mybatis/bean/userMapper.xml

	at org.apache.ibatis.exceptions.ExceptionFactory.wrapException(ExceptionFactory.java:30)
	at org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactoryBuilder.build(SqlSessionFactoryBuilder.java:80)
	at org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactoryBuilder.build(SqlSessionFactoryBuilder.java:64)
	at cn.mybatis.TestMybatis.init(TestMybatis.java:20)
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
	at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
	at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
	at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:50)
	at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12)
	at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:47)
	at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.RunBefores.evaluate(RunBefores.java:24)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runLeaf(ParentRunner.java:325)
	at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:78)
	at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:57)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:290)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:71)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:288)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:58)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:268)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:363)
	at org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.run(JUnitCore.java:137)
	at com.intellij.junit4.JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.startRunnerWithArgs(JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.java:68)
	at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.IdeaTestRunner$Repeater.startRunnerWithArgs(IdeaTestRunner.java:47)
	at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.prepareStreamsAndStart(JUnitStarter.java:242)
	at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.main(JUnitStarter.java:70)
Caused by: org.apache.ibatis.builder.BuilderException: Error parsing SQL Mapper Configuration. Cause: java.io.IOException: Could not find resource cn/mybatis/bean/userMapper.xml
	at org.apache.ibatis.builder.xml.XMLConfigBuilder.parseConfiguration(XMLConfigBuilder.java:121)
	at org.apache.ibatis.builder.xml.XMLConfigBuilder.parse(XMLConfigBuilder.java:99)
	at org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactoryBuilder.build(SqlSessionFactoryBuilder.java:78)
	... 24 more
Caused by: java.io.IOException: Could not find resource cn/mybatis/bean/userMapper.xml
	at org.apache.ibatis.io.Resources.getResourceAsStream(Resources.java:114)
	at org.apache.ibatis.io.Resources.getResourceAsStream(Resources.java:100)
	at org.apache.ibatis.builder.xml.XMLConfigBuilder.mapperElement(XMLConfigBuilder.java:371)
	at org.apache.ibatis.builder.xml.XMLConfigBuilder.parseConfiguration(XMLConfigBuilder.java:119)
	... 26 more


Process finished with exit code -1

错误原因： idea不会编译src的java目录的xml文件

所以解决思路就是：将IDEA maven项目中src源代码下的xml等资源文件编译进classes文件夹

具体操作方法就是：配置maven的pom文件配置，在<build>节点下添加<resources>代码：

    <build>
       <resources>
            <resource>
                <directory>src/main/java</directory>
                <includes>
                    <include>**/*.xml</include>
                </includes>
            </resource>
       </resources>
   </build>

所以最终的pom.xml文件内容为：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <groupId>mybatisTest</groupId>
    <artifactId>mybatisTest</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
            <version>3.4.6</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>8.0.13</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.12</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <!--因为idea不会编译src目录下面的xml文件，所以要在pom文件内添加-->
    <build>
        <resources>
            <resource>
                <directory>src/main/java</directory>
                <includes>
                    <include>**/*.xml</include>
                </includes>
            </resource>
        </resources>
    </build>

</project>

运行结果：

7.致谢

1. https://blog.****.net/miffees/article/details/81086528
2. https://bbs.****.net/topics/391037150
3. 本教程适用于刚接触idea创建mybatis项目的初学者，如果有差错，还请大神指正。