得到焦点是去焦点事件_什么是焦点堆叠？

得到焦点是去焦点事件

A big part of photography is coming up with creative ways to overcome the limits of the laws of physics. One of these techniques is focus stacking.

摄影的很大一部分是想出创造性的方法来克服物理定律的限制。 这些技术之一是焦点堆叠。

Even wide angle lenses at narrow apertures—a combination which gives you the broadest possible depth of field—can’t have both the extreme foreground and extreme background in sharp focus. You can come close, but if, say, there’s a cool shell right in front of you, and something else of interest in the distance, one or both of them is going to be a little bit blurry. Just look at this photo.

即使是窄光圈的广角镜头(一种可以为您提供最大景深的组合)，也不能同时具有极端的前景和极端的聚焦背景。 您可以靠近，但是，如果说，前方有个凉爽的贝壳，而远处还有其他有趣的事物，则其中一个或两个都将有点模糊。 看看这张照片。

While it’s not bad, the shell is less sharp than I’d like while the castle on the island is in focus, or as much in focus as is possible with my setup.

虽然还不错，但是外壳不如岛上的城堡聚焦时的锐度好，或者像我设置的那样聚焦。

Here’s a photo where I focused on the shell instead.

这是我代替外壳的照片。

While it looks much the same at web resolution when you zoom in on the high res file, you can see the shell is in sharper focus—look at the rings around the shell as well as the small pebbles nearby to see it—while the castle on the island isn’t.

当您放大高分辨率文件时，虽然在网络分辨率上看起来几乎相同，但是您可以看到外壳更清晰地对焦-查看外壳周围的环以及附近的小卵石可以看到它-而城堡在岛上不是。

This is where focus stacking comes in. It’s a technique that combines multiple frames into a single composite image that has a depth of field that’s impossible to get in real life. Here, I’ve stacked the two photos above.

这就是焦点堆叠的用处。这是一种将多个帧组合到一个合成图像中的技术，该合成图像具有在现实生活中无法获得的景深。 在这里，我把上面的两张照片叠了起来。

Look closer, and both the shell and castle are sharp.

仔细看，外壳和城堡都非常锋利。

Pretty awesome, right? Let’s look at how to do it. I’m going to demo this using Photoshop, but you should be able to replicate this technique in most good image editors.

太棒了吧？ 让我们看看如何做。 我将使用Photoshop进行演示，但是您应该能够在大多数优秀的图像编辑器中复制该技术。

何时使用焦点堆叠 (When to Use Focus Stacking)

Focus stacking is useful any time you want a depth of field in your images that you can’t get optically. The two main times this happens are when you’re shooting landscapes with something happening in both the foreground and the background, like in the example above, or when you’re doing macro photography. Most of the rest of the time, you won’t need to use focus stacking since your lenses and camera will give you enough depth of field.

每当您想要图像中无法光学看到的景深时，聚焦堆叠就很有用。 发生这种情况的两个主要时间是，当您拍摄风景时， 前景和背景中都发生了某些事情，例如上面的示例，或者是在进行微距摄影时 。 在大多数其余时间中，由于镜头和相机将为您提供足够的景深，因此您无需使用聚焦堆叠。

拍摄焦点堆叠 (Shooting for Focus Stacking)

Focus stacking starts with the camera. Get things wrong here, and no amount of Photoshop work will save your shot.

聚焦堆叠始于相机。 在这里把事情弄错了，没有任何Photoshop工作可以节省您的拍摄时间。

Start by working through your normal process, dialing in on the correct exposure settings. At some point, you’ll realize that to get everything in focus you’ll need to use focus stacking.

首先，按照正常的过程进行操作 ，然后拨入正确的曝光设置。 在某个时候，您将认识到要使所有内容都集中起来，您将需要使用焦点堆叠。

Once you’ve settled on your final composition, lock your camera down on a stable tripod and switch to manual exposure. You want there to be as little variation between the two shots as possible.

确定最终构图后， 将相机锁定在稳定的三脚架上，然后切换至手动曝光。 您希望两个镜头之间的差异尽可能小。

Next, switch your lens to manual focus mode. This is one of those situations where you’re going to get the best results doing things by hand. Turn on the live view screen and zoom in to the maximum—it’s normally 10x—on the foreground. Twist the focus ring until it looks as sharp as possible and then take your first shot.

接下来，将镜头切换到手动对焦模式。 在这种情况下，您手工做事将获得最佳结果 。 打开实时取景屏幕，并放大到前台的最大值(通常为10倍)。 扭转聚焦环，直到看起来尽可能清晰，然后拍摄第一张照片。

Next, use the live view screen to zoom in on whatever is in the background. Again, adjust your focus until it’s sharp and take your shot.

接下来，使用实时显示屏幕放大背景中的任何内容。 再次调整焦点，直到变得清晰并开始拍摄。

Two frames are normally enough, but if you’re working with wider apertures or just want to be sure, you can take a third frame and focus somewhere in the mid-ground.

通常，两帧就足够了，但是如果您要使用更大的光圈或者只是想确定一点，则可以拍摄第三帧并将焦点对准地面。

集中在帖子中堆叠图像 (Focus Stacking Images in Post)

If you do a lot of focus stacking or want to blend a dozen frames to get perfect macro shots, you should check out dedicated focus stacking software like Helicon. It’s designed to work in extreme situations. On the other hand, if you’re looking to extend the depth of field in your landscape shots, then you’ll probably be fine with whatever image editor you already use. I’m going to show it with Photoshop. To follow along, you’ll need to be familiar with how layer masks work. If you’re not, check out our full guide to layers and layer masks before continuing.

如果您进行大量的焦点堆叠或想要融合十几个帧以获得完美的微距照片，则应查看专用的焦点堆叠软件，例如Helicon 。 它旨在在极端情况下工作。 另一方面，如果您想扩展风景照片的景深，则可以使用任何已使用的图像编辑器来解决问题。 我将用Photoshop展示它。 要继续学习，您需要熟悉图层蒙版的工作方式。 如果您不是这样，请先阅读我们有关图层和图层蒙版的完整指南，然后再继续。

Open all the frames you want to blend in a single document. To do that in Photoshop, go to File > Scripts > Load Files Into Stack. Click “Browse” and select the files. Select the “Attempt to Automatically Align Source Images” checkbox—that will fix any small tripod wobble—and then click “OK.”

打开您要在单个文档中融合的所有框架。 要在Photoshop中执行此操作，请转到“文件”>“脚本”>“将文件加载到堆栈”。 单击“浏览”，然后选择文件。 选中“尝试自动对齐源图像”复选框(将解决任何三脚架摆动问题)，然后单击“确定”。

Since the differences between the two images are probably quite subtle, I recommend zooming in to 100% and then renaming your layers to make it easy for you to remember which one is focused where. I like to put the layer where the background objects are in focus on top, but it doesn’t make too much difference.

由于两张图片之间的差异可能非常细微，因此我建议放大至100％，然后重命名图层，以使您轻松记住哪一张重点放在哪里。 我喜欢将背景对象放在最上面的图层放在顶部，但是并没有太大的区别。

Select the top layer and go to Layer > Layer Mask > Reveal All.

选择顶层，然后转到“图层”>“图层蒙版”>“全部显示”。

Select the Brush tool (the keyboard shortcut is B) and make sure you have a nice, big, soft brush.

选择“画笔”工具(键盘快捷键为B)，并确保您拥有漂亮的大而柔软的画笔。

Select the mask and start painting with black over the areas of the frame that are slightly out of focus. I’ve turned off the bottom layer to give you an idea of where I’m masking.

选择遮罩，然后在略微不清晰的框架区域上开始用黑色绘画。 我关闭了底层，以让您了解我要遮罩的位置。

Zoom in, swap back and forth between the layers, and mask things so that everything transitions between the two frames nicely. If you need to, you can use more advanced selection tools.

放大，在图层之间来回交换，并遮罩事物，以便所有事物在两个帧之间完美过渡。 如果需要，可以使用更高级的选择工具 。

Once you’re done, you should have seamlessly blended the two frames into a single image with an extended depth of field.

完成后，您应该将两个帧无缝地融合到具有扩展景深的单个图像中。

Focus stacking probably isn’t something you’ll need to use a lot, but it’s a handy technique to know. Just make sure to get things right on location.

焦点堆叠可能不是您需要大量使用的东西，但这是一种方便的技术。 只需确保正确定位即可。

翻译自: https://www.howtogeek.com/399108/what-is-focus-stacking/

得到焦点是去焦点事件