RAC环境下的备份与恢复（五）

在前面的几个章节中，简要的介绍了在rac环境下对数据库执行备份和完全恢复，rac环境同单实例环境相比，除了需要备份控制文件，日志文件，数据文件和参数文件外，还需要对ocr和表决盘进行日常备份！下面来简要的介绍下votedisk和ocr的备份和恢复！

一：表决盘的备份，Voting disk记录节点成员信息，如包含哪些节点成员、节点的添加删除信息记录，大小为20MB
查看voting disk位置：

[[email protected] ~]$ crsctl query css votedisk
0.     0    /dev/raw/raw7
1.     0    /dev/raw/raw8
2.     0    /dev/raw/raw9

located 3 votedisk(s).

备份表决盘
[[email protected] ~]$ dd if=/dev/raw/raw7 of=votedisk.bak
587744+0 records in
587744+0 records out

二：OCR的备份，OCR记录节点成员的配置信息,如database、ASM、instance、listener、VIP等CRS资源的配置信息，可存储于裸设备或者群集文件系统上,推荐设置大小为100MB，备份使用root用户操作

查看OCR所在的磁盘或裸设备位置

[[email protected] ~]# cat /etc/oracle/ocr.loc
ocrconfig_loc=/dev/raw/raw5
ocrmirrorconfig_loc=/dev/raw/raw6
local_only=FALSE

[[email protected] ~]$ ocrcheck
Status of Oracle Cluster Registry is as follows :
         Version                  :          2
         Total space (kbytes)     :     293624
         Used space (kbytes)      :       3864
         Available space (kbytes) :     289760
         ID                       : 450284450
         Device/File Name         : /dev/raw/raw5
                                    Device/File integrity check succeeded
         Device/File Name         : /dev/raw/raw6
                                    Device/File integrity check succeeded

Cluster registry integrity check succeeded

备份OCR
[[email protected] ~]# /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/crs_1/bin/ocrconfig -export /home/oracle/ocrbak.dbf
[[email protected] ~]# file /home/oracle/ocrbak.dbf
/home/oracle/ocrbak.dbf: data

三：关闭数据库和所有crs服务后，对表决盘和ocr进行破坏

[[email protected] ~]$ srvctl stop database -d racdb -o immediate
[[email protected] ~]$ crs_stop -all
[[email protected] ~]$ crs_stat -t -v
Name           Type           R/RA   F/FT   Target    State     Host
----------------------------------------------------------------------
ora....SM1.asm application    0/5    0/0    OFFLINE   OFFLINE
ora....C1.lsnr application    0/5    0/0    OFFLINE   OFFLINE
ora.rac1.gsd   application    0/5    0/0    OFFLINE   OFFLINE
ora.rac1.ons   application    0/3    0/0    OFFLINE   OFFLINE
ora.rac1.vip   application    0/0    0/0    OFFLINE   OFFLINE
ora....SM2.asm application    0/5    0/0    OFFLINE   OFFLINE
ora....C2.lsnr application    0/5    0/0    OFFLINE   OFFLINE
ora.rac2.gsd   application    0/5    0/0    OFFLINE   OFFLINE
ora.rac2.ons   application    0/3    0/0    OFFLINE   OFFLINE
ora.rac2.vip   application    0/0    0/0    OFFLINE   OFFLINE
ora.racdb.db   application    0/0    0/1    OFFLINE   OFFLINE
ora....b1.inst application    0/5    0/0    OFFLINE   OFFLINE
ora....b2.inst application    0/5    0/0    OFFLINE   OFFLINE

[[email protected] ~]# for i in {5..9};do dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/raw/raw$i bs=50M count=2; done
读入了 2+0 个块
输出了 2+0 个块
读入了 2+0 个块
输出了 2+0 个块
读入了 2+0 个块
输出了 2+0 个块
读入了 2+0 个块
输出了 2+0 个块
读入了 2+0 个块
输出了 2+0 个块

破坏完成后，查询表决盘和启动crs服务将报错
[[email protected] ~]# /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/crs_1/bin/crsctl check crs
CSS appears healthy
CRS appears healthy
EVM appears healthy

[[email protected] ~]# /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/crs_1/bin/crsctl query css votedisk
OCR initialization failed accessing OCR device: PROC-26: Error while accessing the physical storage

[[email protected] ~]$ crs_start -all
rac1 : CRS-1019: Resource ora.rac2.ASM2.asm (application) cannot run on rac1
rac1 : CRS-1019: Resource ora.rac2.ASM2.asm (application) cannot run on rac1
CRS-0184: Cannot communicate with the CRS daemon.

四：利用备份恢复表决盘和ocr

[[email protected] ~]# for i in {7..9};do dd if=/home/oracle/votedisk.bak of=/dev/raw/raw$i;done
读入了 587744+0 个块
输出了 587744+0 个块
读入了 587744+0 个块
输出了 587744+0 个块
读入了 587744+0 个块
输出了 587744+0 个块

表决盘恢复后，crs服务依旧无法启动
[[email protected] ~]$ crs_start -all
CRS-0184: Cannot communicate with the CRS daemon.

这个时候对表决盘进行查询，发现格式不对
[[email protected] ~]$ crsctl query css votedisk
OCR initialization failed with invalid format: PROC-22: The OCR backend has an invalid format

恢复ocr
[[email protected] ~]# /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/crs_1/bin/ocrconfig -import /home/oracle/ocrbak.dbf
[[email protected] ~]$ crsctl query css votedisk
0.     0    /dev/raw/raw7
1.     0    /dev/raw/raw8
2.     0    /dev/raw/raw9

located 3 votedisk(s).

重启crs进程后，一切正常！
[[email protected] ~]# /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/crs_1/bin/crsctl stop crs
Stopping resources. This could take several minutes.
Successfully stopped CRS resources.
Stopping CSSD.
Shutting down CSS daemon.
Shutdown request successfully issued.
[[email protected] ~]# /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/crs_1/bin/crsctl start crs
Attempting to start CRS stack
The CRS stack will be started shortly

[[email protected] ~]$ crs_stat -t -v
Name           Type           R/RA   F/FT   Target    State     Host
----------------------------------------------------------------------
ora....SM1.asm application    0/5    0/0    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1
ora....C1.lsnr application    0/5    0/0    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1
ora.rac1.gsd   application    0/5    0/0    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1
ora.rac1.ons   application    0/3    0/0    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1
ora.rac1.vip   application    0/0    0/0    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1
ora....SM2.asm application    0/5    0/0    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac2
ora....C2.lsnr application    0/5    0/0    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac2
ora.rac2.gsd   application    0/5    0/0    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac2
ora.rac2.ons   application    0/3    0/0    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac2
ora.rac2.vip   application    0/0    0/0    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac2
ora.racdb.db   application    0/0    0/1    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac2
ora....b1.inst application    0/5    0/0    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1
ora....b2.inst application    0/5    0/0    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac2

Cluster registry integrity check succeeded

五：在ocr和表决盘未备份的情况下，进行恢复，ocr每4个小时会自动备份一次，这些备份可以通过ocrconfig -showbackup命令来查看

1：关闭数据库实例和crs所有服务后对votedisk和ocr进行破坏操作

[[email protected] ~]$ crs_stat -t
Name           Type           Target    State     Host
------------------------------------------------------------
ora....SM1.asm application    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1
ora....C1.lsnr application    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1
ora.rac1.gsd   application    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1
ora.rac1.ons   application    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1
ora.rac1.vip   application    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1
ora....SM2.asm application    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac2
ora....C2.lsnr application    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac2
ora.rac2.gsd   application    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac2
ora.rac2.ons   application    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac2
ora.rac2.vip   application    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac2
ora.racdb.db   application    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac2
ora....b1.inst application    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1
ora....b2.inst application    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac2

[[email protected] ~]$ srvctl stop database -d racdb -o immediate
[[email protected] ~]$ crs_stop -all
Attempting to stop `ora.rac1.gsd` on member `rac1`
Attempting to stop `ora.rac1.ons` on member `rac1`
Attempting to stop `ora.rac2.gsd` on member `rac2`
Attempting to stop `ora.rac2.ons` on member `rac2`
Stop of `ora.rac1.gsd` on member `rac1` succeeded.
Stop of `ora.rac2.gsd` on member `rac2` succeeded.
Stop of `ora.rac1.ons` on member `rac1` succeeded.
Stop of `ora.rac2.ons` on member `rac2` succeeded.
Attempting to stop `ora.rac1.LISTENER_RAC1.lsnr` on member `rac1`
Attempting to stop `ora.rac1.ASM1.asm` on member `rac1`
Attempting to stop `ora.rac2.LISTENER_RAC2.lsnr` on member `rac2`
Attempting to stop `ora.rac2.ASM2.asm` on member `rac2`
Stop of `ora.rac1.LISTENER_RAC1.lsnr` on member `rac1` succeeded.
Stop of `ora.rac2.LISTENER_RAC2.lsnr` on member `rac2` succeeded.
Attempting to stop `ora.rac1.vip` on member `rac1`
Attempting to stop `ora.rac2.vip` on member `rac2`
Stop of `ora.rac1.vip` on member `rac1` succeeded.
Stop of `ora.rac2.vip` on member `rac2` succeeded.
Stop of `ora.rac2.ASM2.asm` on member `rac2` succeeded.
Stop of `ora.rac1.ASM1.asm` on member `rac1` succeeded.

[[email protected] ~]# /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/crs_1/bin/crsctl stop crs
Stopping resources. This could take several minutes.
Successfully stopped CRS resources.
Stopping CSSD.
Shutting down CSS daemon.
Shutdown request successfully issued.

[[email protected] ~]# for i in {5..9};do dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/raw/raw$i bs=20M count=3; done
读入了 3+0 个块
输出了 3+0 个块
读入了 3+0 个块
输出了 3+0 个块
读入了 3+0 个块
输出了 3+0 个块
读入了 3+0 个块
输出了 3+0 个块
读入了 3+0 个块
输出了 3+0 个块

2：启动crs服务将报错

[[email protected] ~]# /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/crs_1/bin/crsctl start crs
Attempting to start CRS stack
The CRS stack will be started shortly

[[email protected] ~]$ crsctl query css votedisk
OCR initialization failed accessing OCR device: PROC-26: Error while accessing the physical storage
[[email protected] ~]$ ocrcheck
PROT-602: Failed to retrieve data from the cluster registry

[[email protected] ~]# /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/crs_1/bin/crsctl check crs
Failure 1 contacting CSS daemon
Cannot communicate with CRS
Cannot communicate with EVM

3：在rac环境中的各个节点上运行$ORA_CRS_HOME/install/rootdelete.sh脚本

[[email protected] ~]# /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/crs_1/install/rootdelete.sh
Shutting down Oracle Cluster Ready Services (CRS):
OCR initialization failed accessing OCR device: PROC-26: Error while accessing the physical storage
Shutdown has begun. The daemons should exit soon.
Checking to see if Oracle CRS stack is down...
Oracle CRS stack is not running.
Oracle CRS stack is down now.
Removing script for Oracle Cluster Ready services
Updating ocr file for downgrade
Cleaning up SCR settings in '/etc/oracle/scls_scr'
Cleaning up Network socket directories

4:在任意一个节点中运行$ORA_CRS_HOME/install/rootdeinstall.sh脚本

[[email protected] ~]# /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/crs_1/install/rootdeinstall.sh
Removing contents from OCR mirror device
读入了 2560+0 个块
输出了 2560+0 个块
Removing contents from OCR device
读入了 2560+0 个块
输出了 2560+0 个块

5:在rac环境中的各个节点上运行$ORA_CRS_HOME/root.sh脚本

[[email protected] ~]# /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/crs_1/root.sh
WARNING: directory '/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0' is not owned by root
WARNING: directory '/u01/app/oracle/product' is not owned by root
WARNING: directory '/u01/app/oracle' is not owned by root
WARNING: directory '/u01/app' is not owned by root
WARNING: directory '/u01' is not owned by root
No value set for the CRS parameter CRS_OCR_LOCATIONS. Using Values in paramfile.crs
Checking to see if Oracle CRS stack is already configured

Setting the permissions on OCR backup directory
Setting up NS directories
Oracle Cluster Registry configuration upgraded successfully
WARNING: directory '/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0' is not owned by root
WARNING: directory '/u01/app/oracle/product' is not owned by root
WARNING: directory '/u01/app/oracle' is not owned by root
WARNING: directory '/u01/app' is not owned by root
WARNING: directory '/u01' is not owned by root
Successfully accumulated necessary OCR keys.
Using ports: CSS=49895 CRS=49896 EVMC=49898 and EVMR=49897.
node <nodenumber>: <nodename> <private interconnect name> <hostname>
node 1: rac1 rac1-priv rac1
node 2: rac2 rac2-priv rac2
Creating OCR keys for user 'root', privgrp 'root'..
Operation successful.
Now formatting voting device: /dev/raw/raw7
Now formatting voting device: /dev/raw/raw8
Now formatting voting device: /dev/raw/raw9
Format of 3 voting devices complete.
Startup will be queued to init within 30 seconds.
Adding daemons to inittab
Expecting the CRS daemons to be up within 600 seconds.
CSS is active on these nodes.
rac1
CSS is inactive on these nodes.
rac2
Local node checking complete.
Run root.sh on remaining nodes to start CRS daemons.

NO KEYS WERE WRITTEN. Supply -force parameter to override.
-force is destructive and will destroy any previous cluster
configuration.
Oracle Cluster Registry for cluster has already been initialized
Startup will be queued to init within 30 seconds.
Adding daemons to inittab
Expecting the CRS daemons to be up within 600 seconds.
CSS is active on these nodes.
rac1
rac2
CSS is active on all nodes.
Waiting for the Oracle CRSD and EVMD to start
Oracle CRS stack installed and running under init(1M)
Running vipca(silent) for configuring nodeapps
在输入参数中指定的接口 "255.255.255.0/eth0" 无效。

在第二个节点中运行脚本到最后将报错，这个时候就和安装rac时候一样的处理方法，在节点2上使用root用户运行vipca
[[email protected] ~]# /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/crs_1/bin/vipca

[[email protected] ~]$ crs_stat -t -v
Name           Type           R/RA   F/FT   Target    State     Host
----------------------------------------------------------------------
ora.rac1.gsd   application    0/5    0/0    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1
ora.rac1.ons   application    0/3    0/0    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1
ora.rac1.vip   application    0/0    0/0    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1
ora.rac2.gsd   application    0/5    0/0    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac2
ora.rac2.ons   application    0/3    0/0    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac2
ora.rac2.vip   application    0/0    0/0    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac2

5：添加listener到ocr中
[[email protected] ~]$ netca

[[email protected] ~]$ crs_stat -t -v
Name           Type           R/RA   F/FT   Target    State     Host
----------------------------------------------------------------------
ora....C1.lsnr application    0/5    0/0    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1
ora.rac1.gsd   application    0/5    0/0    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1
ora.rac1.ons   application    0/3    0/0    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1
ora.rac1.vip   application    0/0    0/0    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1
ora....C2.lsnr application    0/5    0/0    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac2
ora.rac2.gsd   application    0/5    0/0    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac2
ora.rac2.ons   application    0/3    0/0    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac2
ora.rac2.vip   application    0/0    0/0    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac2

6：添加ASM实例

[[email protected] ~]$ srvctl add asm -n rac1 -i +ASM1 -o /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/
[[email protected] ~]$ srvctl add asm -n rac2 -i +ASM2 -o /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/
[[email protected] ~]$ crs_stat -t -v
Name           Type           R/RA   F/FT   Target    State     Host
----------------------------------------------------------------------
ora....SM1.asm application    0/5    0/0    OFFLINE   OFFLINE
ora....C1.lsnr application    0/5    0/0    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1
ora.rac1.gsd   application    0/5    0/0    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1
ora.rac1.ons   application    0/3    0/0    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1
ora.rac1.vip   application    0/0    0/0    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1
ora....SM2.asm application    0/5    0/0    OFFLINE   OFFLINE
ora....C2.lsnr application    0/5    0/0    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac2
ora.rac2.gsd   application    0/5    0/0    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac2
ora.rac2.ons   application    0/3    0/0    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac2
ora.rac2.vip   application    0/0    0/0    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac2

[[email protected] ~]$ srvctl start asm -n rac1
[[email protected] ~]$ srvctl start asm -n rac2

[[email protected] ~]$ srvctl status asm -n rac1
ASM instance +ASM1 is running on node rac1.
[[email protected] ~]$ srvctl status asm -n rac2
ASM instance +ASM2 is running on node rac2.

7：添加数据库和数据库实例

[[email protected] ~]$ srvctl add database -d racdb -o /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/
[[email protected] ~]$ srvctl add instance -d racdb -i racdb1 -n rac1
[[email protected] ~]$ srvctl add instance -d racdb -i racdb2 -n rac2
[[email protected] ~]$ crs_stat -t -v
Name           Type           R/RA   F/FT   Target    State     Host
----------------------------------------------------------------------
ora....SM1.asm application    0/5    0/0    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1
ora....C1.lsnr application    0/5    0/0    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1
ora.rac1.gsd   application    0/5    0/0    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1
ora.rac1.ons   application    0/3    0/0    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1
ora.rac1.vip   application    0/0    0/0    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1
ora....SM2.asm application    0/5    0/0    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac2
ora....C2.lsnr application    0/5    0/0    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac2
ora.rac2.gsd   application    0/5    0/0    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac2
ora.rac2.ons   application    0/3    0/0    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac2
ora.rac2.vip   application    0/0    0/0    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac2
ora.racdb.db   application    0/0    0/1    OFFLINE   OFFLINE
ora....b1.inst application    0/5    0/0    OFFLINE   OFFLINE
ora....b2.inst application    0/5    0/0    OFFLINE   OFFLINE

[[email protected] ~]$ srvctl start database -d racdb
[[email protected] ~]$ srvctl status database -d racdb
Instance racdb1 is running on node rac1
Instance racdb2 is running on node rac2

本文转自斩月博客51CTO博客，原文链接http://blog.51cto.com/ylw6006/751100如需转载请自行联系原作者

ylw6006

RAC环境下的备份与恢复（五）

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