我学习了华为基本的路由交换技术和简单的配置方法,所以网上找了一份实训题进行训练,里面会有错误,当然也有我不会配置的,今天分享上来是想与大家交流与学习。希望有大牛能够给予指正。
一、基本配置
为R1-R2-R3-R4-R5配置Loopback接口,编号均为0。
操作步骤: [R1]interface LoopBack 0
[R1-LoopBack0]ip add 10.1.1.1 24
[R2]interface LoopBack 0
[R2-LoopBack0]ip add 10.1.2.2 24
[R3]interfaceLoopBack 0
[R3-LoopBack0]ipadd 10.1.3.3 24
[R4]interfaceLoopBack 0
[R4-LoopBack0]ip add 10.1.4.4 24
[R5]interfaceLoopBack 0
[R5-LoopBack0]ip add 10.1.5.5 24
网络设备及终端:
PC1 | 192.168.10.2/24 |
PC7 | 192.168.10.3/24 |
PC3 | 192.168.20.2/24 |
PC4 | 192.168.20.3/24 |
PC5 | 173.16.1.1/24 |
Server1 | 173.16.1.2/24 |
R1 | S0/0/2 | 10.0.12.1/24 |
S0/0/2 | 10.0.12.2/24 |
R2 | S0/0/2 | 10.0.2.2/24 |
G0/0/0 | 10.0.23.2/24 |
G0/0/1 | 10.0.24.1/24 |
R3 | G0/0/0 | 10.0.23.3/24 |
G0/0/1 | 10.0.35.3/24 |
R4 | G0/0/1 | 10.0.24.4/24 |
G0/0/2 | 10.0.45.4/24 |
R5 | G0/0/1 | 10.0.35.5/24 |
G0/0/2 | 10.0.45.5/24 |
IP地址已固定给出,请按要求完成配置。
二、配置VLAN。
1、PC1和PC7属于Vlan10,所属网络为192.168.10.0/24。
操作步骤:
创建VLAN10:[S1]vlan 10
设置端口类型:[S1-Ethernet0/0/2]port link-type access
[S1-Ethernet0/0/3]port link-type access
设置接口PVID:[S1-Ethernet0/0/3]port default vlan 10
[S1-Ethernet0/0/3]port default vlan 10
二层与三层之间设置Trunk:[S1-Ethernet0/0/3]int e0/0/4
[S1-Ethernet0/0/4]port link-type trunk
[S1-Ethernet0/0/4]port trunk allow-pass vlan all
2、PC1和PC7属于Vlan10,所属网络为192.168.20.0/24。
操作步骤:
创建VLAN20:[S2]vlan 20
设置端口类型:[S2-Ethernet0/0/2]port link-type access
[S2-Ethernet0/0/3]port link-type access
设置接口PVID:[S2-Ethernet0/0/3]port default vlan 20
[S2-Ethernet0/0/3]port default vlan 20
设置二层与三层交换接口为Trunk型:[S2-Ethernet0/0/3]int e0/0/4
[S2-Ethernet0/0/4]port link-type trunk
[S2-Ethernet0/0/4]port trunk allow-pass vlan all
3.PC5和Server属于Vlan1,所属网络为173.16.1.0/24,连接主机主机的接口均为Access接口。
操作步骤:
创建VLAN1:[S1]vlan 1
设置端口类型:[S5-Ethernet0/0/1]port link-type access
[S5-Ethernet0/0/2]port link-type access
设置接口PVID:[S5-Ethernet0/0/1]port default vlan 1
[S5-Ethernet0/0/2]port default vlan 1
SW3与SW4创建Eth-trunk 1连接
SW3 G0/0/1 G0/0/2 G0/0/3
操作步骤:
设置二层与三层交换接口为Trunk型:
[S3]int g0/0/4
[S3-GigabitEthernet0/0/4]port link-type trunk
[S3-GigabitEthernet0/0/4]port trunk allow-pass vlan all
[S3]int Eth-Trunk 1
[S3-Eth-Trunk1]mode manual
[S3-Eth-Trunk1]int g0/0/1
[S3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]eth-trunk 1
[S3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g0/0/2
[S3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]eth-trunk 1
[S3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]int g0/0/3
[S3-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]eth-trunk 1
SW4 G0/0/1 G0/0/7 G0/0/8
操作步骤:
设置二层与三层交换接口为Trunk型:
[S4]int g0/0/4
[S4-GigabitEthernet0/0/4]port link-type trunk
[S4-GigabitEthernet0/0/4]port trunk allow-pass vlan all
[S4]int Eth-Trunk 1
[S4-Eth-Trunk1]mode manual
[S4-Eth-Trunk1]int g0/0/1
[S4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]eth-trunk 1
[S4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g0/0/7
[S4-GigabitEthernet0/0/7]eth-trunk 1
[S4-GigabitEthernet0/0/7]int g0/0/8
[S4-GigabitEthernet0/0/8]eth-trunk 1
四、部署MSTP instance 1 和instance 2
SW3为instance 1的主要根桥,SW4为次要根桥
SW4为instance 2的主要根桥,SW3为次要根桥
VLAN10用户所属Instance1
操作步骤:
[S3]stp region-configuration
[S3-mst-region]region-name mst-region
[S3-mst-region]instance 1 vlan 10
[S3-mst-region]instance 2 vlan 20
[S3-mst-region]active region-configuration
[S3]stp instance 1 root primary
[S3]stp instance 2 root secondary
[S3-mst-region]check region-configuration
VLAN20用户所属Instance2
操作步骤:
[S4]stp region-configuration
[S4-mst-region]region-name mst-region
[S4-mst-region]instance 1 vlan 10
[S4-mst-region]instance 2 vlan 20
[S4-mst-region]active region-configuration
[S4]stp instance 1 root secondary
[S4]stp instance 2 root primary
[S4-mst-region]check region-configuration
五、配置单区域OSPF路由协议
1.在路由器R1-R2-R3-R4-R5上配置 OSPF(进程 ID 为 1),router id为Loopback 0接口地址。
2.将路由器上的所有对应网络宣告进Area 0中,包括Loopback0(排除R1与SW3、SW4之间的直连网段)。
配置方法:
[R1]ospf router-id 10.1.1.1
[R1-ospf-1]area 0
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 10.0.12.0 0.0.0.255
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.255
[R2]ospf router-id 10.1.2.2
[R2-ospf-1]area 0
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 10.0.12.0 0.0.0.255
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 10.0.24.0 0.0.0.255
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 10.1.2.0 0.0.0.255
[R3]ospf router-id 10.1.3.3
[R3-ospf-1]area 0
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 10.0.23.0 0.0.0.255
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 10.0.35.0 0.0.0.255
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 10.1.3.0 0.0.0.255
[R4]ospf router-id 10.1.4.4
[R4-ospf-1]area 0
[R4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 10.0.24.0 0.0.0.255
[R4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 10.0.45.0 0.0.0.255
[R4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 10.1.4.4 0.0.0.255
[R5]ospf router-id 10.1.5.5
[R5-ospf-1]area 0
[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 10.0.35.0 0.0.0.255
[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 10.0.45.0 0.0.0.255
[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 10.1.5.5 0.0.0.255
六、OSPF调优
使用下列原则设置 OSPF 优先级:
R3、R4绝不参与 DR/BDR 选举。R2 始终将成为 DR,并且优先级为最大值。
配置方法:
[R3]int g0/0/0
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf dr-priority 0
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf dr-priority 0
[R4]int g0/0/1
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf dr-priority 0
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g0/0/2
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ospf dr-priority 0
[R2]int g0/0/0
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf dr-priority255
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf dr-priority 255
七、部署RIPV2路由协议 (此处有我的两位同学给予帮助,感谢!)
1.在设备R1 SW3 SW4 上配置 RIPV2(进程 ID 为 1)。
2. 将设备上的所有对应网络宣告进RIP进程中。
配置步骤:
[R1]rip
[R1-rip-1]version 2
[R1-rip-1]network 192.168.10.0
[R1-rip-1]network 192.168.20.0
[S3]rip
[S3-rip-1]version 2
[S3-rip-1]network 10.0.0.0
[S3-rip-1]network 192.168.20.0
[S4]rip
[S4-rip-1]version 2
[S4-rip-1]network 10.0.0.0
[S4-rip-1]network 192.168.10.0
八、路由发布。 (此处有我的两位同学给予帮助,感谢!)
1、在R1将RIP路由发布到OSPF路由域中。
操作步骤:
[R1]rip
[R1-rip-1]version 2
[R1-rip-1]import-route ospf
2、R1设备发布默认路由到SW3、SW4.
操作步骤:
[S3]ospf
[S3-ospf-1]import-route rip
[S4]ospf
[S4-ospf-1]import-route rip
九、网络可靠性部署VRRP
SW3是PC1 PC7主PC3 PC4备份网关设备物理地址虚拟网关地址为:
Vlanif 10:
Ip address 192.168.10.253/24
Vrrpvrid 1 virtual-ip 192.168.10.254 优先级xx关联上行端口并降低优先级xx MD5 密码 huawei 抢占时延 xxS (20s)
配置操作:
[S3]vlan batch 10 20
[S3-Vlanif10]ip ad 192.168.10.253 24
[S3-Vlanif10]vrrp vrid 1 virtual-ip 192.168.10.254
[S3-Vlanif10]vrrp vrid 1 priority 150
[S3-Vlanif10]vrrp vrid 2 virtual-ip 192.168.10.1
[S3-Vlanif10]vrrp vrid 2 priority 100
[S3-Vlanif10]vrrp vrid 1 track interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/6 reduced 100
[S3-Vlanif10]vrrp vrid 1 preempt-mode timer delay 20
[S3-Vlanif10]vrrp vrid 1 authentication-mode MD5 huawei
Vlanif 20:
Ip address 192.168.20.253/24
Vrrp vrid 2 virtual-ip 192.168.20.254优先级 xx MD5 密码 xx
配置操作:
[S3-Vlanif10]int vlanif 20
[S3-Vlanif20]ip ad 192.168.20.253 24
[S3-Vlanif20]vrrp vrid 1 virtual-ip 192.168.20.254
[S3-Vlanif20]vrrp vrid 1 priority 150
[S3-Vlanif20]vrrp vrid 2 virtual-ip 192.168.20.1
[S3-Vlanif20]vrrp vrid 2 priority 100
[S3-Vlanif10]vrrp vrid 1 authentication-mode MD5 huawei
SW4是PC1 PC7备份PC3 PC4主网关设备物理地址虚拟网关地址为:
Vlanif 10:
Ip address 192.168.10.253/24
Vrrpvrid 1 virtual-ip 192.168.10.254 优先级 xx MD5 密码 xx
操作步骤:
[S4]vlan batch 10 20
[S4-Vlanif10]ip ad 192.168.10.253 24
[S4-Vlanif10]vrrp vrid 1 virtual-ip 192.168.10.254
[S4-Vlanif10]vrrp vrid 1 priority 150
[S4-Vlanif10]vrrp vrid 2 virtual-ip 192.168.10.1
[S4-Vlanif10]vrrp vrid 2 priority 100
[S4-Vlanif10]vrrp vrid 1 authentication-mode MD5 huawei
Vlanif 20:
Ip address 192.168.20.253/24
Vrrpvrid 2 virtual-ip 192.168.20.254 优先级 xx关联上行端口并降低优先级 xx MD5 密码xx 抢占时延 20s
操作步骤:
[S4]vlan batch 10 20
[S4-Vlanif20]ip ad 192.168.10.253 24
[S4-Vlanif20]vrrp vrid 1 virtual-ip 192.168.20.254
[S4-Vlanif20]vrrp vrid 1 priority 150
[S4-Vlanif20]vrrp vrid 2 virtual-ip 192.168.20.1
[S4-Vlanif20]vrrp vrid 2 priority 100
[S4-Vlanif20]vrrpvrid 1 track interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/6 reduced 100
[S4-Vlanif20]vrrp vrid 2 preempt-mode timer delay 20
[S4-Vlanif10]vrrp vrid 1 authentication-mode MD5 huawei
希望大家能够帮忙解决其中的问题,谢谢!!!
有解决方案的朋友可以在评论区回复,我会虚心请教!!!