您是否想知道您的操作系统如何命名？
Have you ever wondered what “XP” stands for or where “Ubuntu” comes from? Some operating systems get their names from obvious places, but others need some explaining. Read on to find out where your favorite OS got its name.
您是否想知道“ XP”代表什么或“ Ubuntu”来自哪里？ 一些操作系统的名称很明显，但其他操作系统则需要一些解释。 继续阅读，找出您喜欢的操作系统的名称。
We’ve rounded up the most popular and well-known operating systems, as well as a few lesser-known ones—if you know of another operating system with an interesting story behind its name, make sure to teach your fellow readers in the comments.
我们汇总了最受欢迎和最知名的操作系统，以及一些鲜为人知的操作系统-如果您知道另一个操作系统背后有一个有趣的故事，请务必在评论中教您的其他读者。
微软DOS (MS-DOS)
Micro Soft Disk Operating System (MS-DOS) was originally licensed from Seattle Consumer Products’ Quick and Dirty Operating System (QDOS). MS-DOS had no graphical user interface (GUI) and instead everything was inputted by users via a command prompt. The DOS acronym does not always mean MS-DOS. DOS is a generic term for “Disk Operating System” and MS-DOS was just one of many including Apple DOS, AmigaDOS, freeDOS, and many others.
微型软盘操作系统(MS-DOS)最初是由Seattle Consumer Products的快速与肮脏操作系统(QDOS)许可的。 MS-DOS没有图形用户界面(GUI)，而是用户通过命令提示符输入了所有内容。 DOS的首字母缩写并不总是表示MS-DOS。 DOS是“磁盘操作系统”的通用术语，而MS-DOS只是包括Apple DOS，AmigaDOS，freeDOS以及许多其他软件在内的众多软件之一。
Image by zickey
图片来自zickey
Windows 1.0 – NT 4.0 (Windows 1.0 – NT 4.0)
The Windows name came from the fact that the new operating system, Windows 1.0, had windows a user could interact with in the GUI. The “Windows” name carries through all the way to current operating system and the number or name following “Windows” is how you can tell what version of Windows you have.
Windows名称源于以下事实：新操作系统Windows 1.0具有用户可以在GUI中与之交互的窗口。 “ Windows”名称一直贯穿到当前的操作系统，“ Windows”之后的数字或名称是您可以知道所使用Windows版本的方式。
Microsoft stuck with the numbering scheme for 1.0-3.1 when it started to work on its New Technology (NT) branch of the operating system. Windows NT 4.0 was the first to implement the new NT kernel and was released in 1996 using the Windows 95 user interface.
Microsoft开始在操作系统的新技术(NT)分支上工作时，坚持使用1.0-3.1的编号方案。 Windows NT 4.0是第一个实现新NT内核的工具，并于1996年使用Windows 95用户界面发布。
Windows 95 – ME (Windows 95 – ME)
Microsoft for a short while began naming their Windows operating system with the year of release indicating the version. Windows 95, 98, and Millennium Edition were all built off of the original Windows 3.1 kernel. Millennium Edition was release in 2000 and was designed to be used on home computers while Windows 2000 was designed for business computers.
微软暂时开始用其发行年份(表示版本)来命名其Windows操作系统。 Windows 95、98和Millennium Edition都是基于原始Windows 3.1内核构建的。 Millennium Edition于2000年发布，旨在用于家用计算机，而Windows 2000则用于商业计算机。
Windows 2000 used the NT kernel and was the direct successor to NT 4.0, it was later replaced by Windows XP.
Windows 2000使用NT内核，并且是NT 4.0的直接后继，后来被Windows XP取代。
Windows XP，Vista和Windows 7 (Windows XP, Vista, and Windows 7)
Windows XP was released in 2001 and the XP stands for eXPerience. This experience lasted all the way until 2007 when Microsoft released Windows Vista. According to Microsoft, Vista got its name because “At the end of the day…what you’re trying to get to is your own personal Vista.” It was very philosophical of Microsoft but ultimately they moved to a more simple approach with Windows 7.
Windows XP于2001年发布，XP代表eXPerience。 这种体验一直持续到2007年Microsoft发布Windows Vista为止。 微软表示，Vista之所以得名，是因为“归根结底，您想要达到的目标就是您自己的个人Vista。” 这是Microsoft的哲学思想，但最终他们使用Windows 7转向了更简单的方法。
Windows 7 is the seventh version of Windows since 95. Even though 95 wasn’t the first version of Windows if you count 1.0 – 3.1, but Windows 10 just doesn’t have the same ring to it. Plus people might get it confused with Mac OS 10.
Windows 7是自95年以来Windows的第七个版本。即使您算上1.0 – 3.1，95并不是Windows的第一个版本，但是Windows 10却没有相同的功能。 另外，人们可能会将其与Mac OS 10混淆。
系统1 – 7.5 (System 1 – 7.5)
Apple’s System operating system was developed for the Macintosh personal computer. The operating system has always followed a basic revision numbering scheme with every major release getting a 1 point increment with minor updates getting a 0.1 increment.
Apple的System操作系统是为Macintosh个人计算机开发的。 操作系统始终遵循基本修订版本编号方案，每个主要发行版均以1点为增量递增，次要更新以0.1增量递增。
The Apple Macintosh computer was released in 1984 and got its name from the McIntosh apple.
苹果Macintosh计算机于1984年发布，并以McIntosh苹果公司的名字命名。
Each new version featured incremental updates and feature enhancements as well as support for newer Apple computers. System 1-4 had no multitasking support which may sound familiar to another Apple operating system.
每个新版本均具有增量更新和功能增强，并支持较新的Apple计算机。 系统1-4没有多任务支持，这可能是另一个Apple操作系统所熟悉的。
The first seven versions of the operating system were simply called “System 1-7.” This held true until 7.6 when the word “System” was dropped in favor of a more marketable “Mac OS” name.
操作系统的前七个版本简称为“系统1-7”。 直到7.6年，“ System(系统)”一词被取而代之的是更具市场价值的“ Mac OS”(Mac OS)名称，这一点一直保持不变。
Mac OS 8 – 10 (Mac OS 8 – 10)
Mac OS 8 came out in 1997 shortly after Steve Jobs came back to work for Apple. Mac OS 8 was supposed to be called version 7.7 but was changed to 8 because of a legal loophole that allowed Apple to shut down the 3rd party Macintosh market.
史蒂夫·乔布斯(Steve Jobs)回到苹果公司后不久，Mac OS 8于1997年问世。 Mac OS 8本应被称为7.7版，但由于法律漏洞允许苹果关闭第三方Macintosh市场而被更改为8。
Mac OS 9 is now known as the last of the “Classic” Mac OSs and was the final release to be based on Apple’s in house code.
Mac OS 9现在被称为“经典” Mac OS的最后一个，并且是基于Apple内部代码的最终版本。
OS X (OS Ten) is the tenth version of the Mac operating system and the first Mac OS based on Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD). The underlying OS was developed by the company Steve Jobs started while away from Apple, NeXTSTEP, which Apple acquired in 1997.
OS X(OS十)是Mac操作系统的第十个版本，也是基于伯克利软件发行版(BSD)的第一个Mac OS。 底层操作系统是由史蒂夫·乔布斯(Steve Jobs)公司开发的，当时它离开了苹果公司NeXTSTEP，后者于1997年被苹果收购。
Each minor version of OS X (10.1, 10.2, etc.) also has an associated big cat name. While there is some speculation on where Apple got the idea for these names, it is a pretty big coincidence that the operating system would share names with the now depreciated Macintosh clones built by Shaye as well as a pretty convincing argument over OS X names and German tanks.
OS X的每个次要版本(10.1、10.2等)也都有一个关联的大猫名字。 尽管有一些关于苹果公司使用这些名称的想法的猜测，但这是一个非常大的巧合，即操作系统将与Shaye构建的折旧的Macintosh克隆共享名称，以及关于OS X名称和德语的令人信服的论点。坦克。
的Linux (Linux)
Linux itself got its name from Ari Lemmke who ran the FTP server the original Linux Kernel was uploaded to. Linus Torvalds, the creator of the Linux kernel, wanted to name the kernel Freax, but Ari instead gave him a folder called “linux” to upload his kernel to. The Linux name came from “Linus’ Minix” which was the operating system Linus was trying to replace for himself.
Linux本身的名字来自Ari Lemmke，后者运行原始Linux内核上传到的FTP服务器。 Linux内核的创建者Linus Torvalds希望将内核命名为Freax，但是Ari却给了他一个名为“ linux”的文件夹，将其内核上传到该文件夹。 Linux名称来自“ Linus'Minix”，这是Linus试图自己替代的操作系统。
的Ubuntu (Ubuntu)
Ubuntu (oo-BOON-too) comes from the Zulu and Xhosa languages in Africa roughly meaning “humanity towards others.”
Ubuntu(oo-BOON-too)来自非洲的祖鲁语和科萨语，大致意思是“对他人的人道”。
Like many Linux distributions, Ubuntu releases have two names for every release, a development code name and a version name. The numerical name for the release is based on the year and month of the release, e.g., version 10.04 was released in April of 2010. Every two years a long term support (LTS) release is also made which carries the LTS lettering and also has an incremental release for bug fixes. The current long term support version is Ubuntu 10.04.2 LTS.
与许多Linux发行版一样，Ubuntu发行版的每个发行版都有两个名称，即开发代码名称和版本名称。 该版本的数字名称基于该版本的年份和月份，例如，2010年4月发布了版本10.04。每两年还会发布一个长期支持(LTS)版本，该版本带有LTS字母并带有用于漏洞修复的增量版本。 当前的长期支持版本是Ubuntu 10.04.2 LTS。
The code names are based on an alphabetical increment of an adjective and animal of the same letter. The animal naming came early in the development and usually reflects the state of the current Ubuntu distribution, e.g., Warty Warthog was the first release to signify its lack of polish. Ever release since Breeze Badger (5.10) has been in alphabetical order.
代码名称基于同一字母的形容词和动物的字母增量。 动物命名是在开发的早期开始的，通常反映了当前Ubuntu发行版的状态，例如Warty Warthog是第一个表示缺乏波兰语的发行版 。 自Breeze Badger(5.10)发行以来，其发行顺序始终是按字母顺序排列的。
Ubuntu also has derivatives that have either a specific focus, location, or major difference in the operating system that requires a different distribution name. Some of the official derivatives are Kubuntu, Xubuntu, Mythbuntu, and Eubuntu. All of the official derivatives follow the same naming scheme as Ubuntu.
Ubuntu还具有派生版本，这些派生版本具有特定的重点，位置或在操作系统中的主要差异，而这些操作系统需要使用不同的发行名称。 一些官方衍生产品是Kubuntu，Xubuntu，Mythbuntu和Eubuntu。 所有官方衍生产品都遵循与Ubuntu相同的命名方案。
There are also Ubuntu customizations like Linux Mint, Linspire, and Ubuntulite which all have their own code names and version numbering.
还有一些Ubuntu自定义项，例如Linux Mint ， Linspire和Ubuntulite ，它们都有自己的代码名称和版本号。
德比安 (Debian)
Debian got its name from Ian Murdock the creator of the Debian distribution. He named the distribution after his girlfriend Debra Lynn by combining her name and his into “Debian.”
Debian的名字来自Debian发行版的创建者Ian Murdock。 他以女友黛布拉·林恩(Debra Lynn)的名字命名发行，将她的名字和名字合并为“ Debian”。
Each stable Debian release has an associated version number (1.0, 2.0, etc.), but it also has a code name based on a character from the movie 1995 movie Toy Story. The latest 6.0 release is named after the toy aliens “Squeeze.” The development branch of Debian is permanently named “Sid” from the emotionally unstable neighbor in the movie.
每个稳定的Debian版本都有一个关联的版本号(1.0、2.0等)，但它也具有基于电影1995年电影《玩具总动员》中的角色的代号。 最新的6.0版本以玩具外星人“ Squeeze”的名字命名。 Debian的开发分支从电影中情绪不稳定的邻居永久命名为“ Sid”。
红帽/ Fedora / CentOS (Red Hat/Fedora/CentOS)
Red Hat Linux received its name because red hats have been the symbol of freedom and revolution in both the U.S. and France. Red Hat comes in a few different flavors, Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL), Fedora Project, and CentOS
红帽Linux之所以得名，是因为红帽在美国和法国都是自由与革命的象征。 红帽有几种不同的风格，红帽企业Linux(RHEL)，Fedora Project和CentOS
Red Hat Enterprise Linux does not use code names and instead just uses version numbers similar to OS X.
红帽企业Linux不使用代码名称，而仅使用类似于OS X的版本号。
Fedora gets its name from the Red Hat logo in which Shadowman, the man in the logo, wears a red fedora hat. Fedora 1-6 were known as Fedora Core while later versions dropped “core” from the name.
Fedora的名字来自Red Hat徽标，其中徽标中的影子人戴着红色的浅顶软呢帽。 Fedora 1-6被称为Fedora Core，而更高版本则从名称中删除“ core”。
Fedora uses code names that are relational to the previous release. Each release is related to the first with an “is-a” relationship to its predecessor. For example, version 7 “Moonshine” is a record label like version 6 “Zod”, but it is also a movie like version 8 “Werewolf.”
Fedora使用与先前版本相关的代码名称。 每个发行版都与第一个发行版相关，并与其前身具有“ is-a”关系 。 例如，第7版“ Moonshine”是与第6版“ Zod”类似的唱片公司，但也与第8版“ Werewolf”类似。
CentOS is the community-supported version of RHEL. The name comes from Community ENTerprise Operating System and is one of the most popular web server operating systems. Version numbers for CentOS follow RHEL version numbering and does not have code names.
CentOS是RHEL的社区支持版本。 该名称来自社区企业操作系统，是最流行的Web服务器操作系统之一。 CentOS的版本号遵循RHEL版本编号，并且没有代码名称。
Gentoo (Gentoo)
Gentoo got its name from Daniel Robbins after renaming his Enoch Linux distribution. Gentoo was first renamed when Daniel and the other developers began using the EGCS compiler instead of the GCC compiler for added features and speed. Gentoo is named after the fastest swimming penguin, the Gentoo penguin.
Gentoo在重命名他的Enoch Linux发行版后，从Daniel Robbins获得了名字。 当Daniel和其他开发人员开始使用EGCS编译器而不是GCC编译器以增加功能和速度时，Gentoo首次被重命名。 Gentoo以最快的游泳企鹅Gentoo企鹅命名。
The stylized “g” logo resembles a silver Japanese Magatama which were often found at grave sites as offerings to deities.
风格化的“ g”徽标类似于银色的日本Magatama，通常在墓地被发现作为神灵的供品。
苏斯 (SuSE)
SuSE is a German distribution which originally stood for “Software und System Entwicklung” which in English translates to “Software and System Development.” Since 1998 the acronym is no longer used and the the name of the company is simply SUSE.
SuSE是德国发行商，最初代表“ Software und System Entwicklung”，英文译为“ Software and System Development”。 自1998年以来，不再使用首字母缩写词，并且公司名称简称为SUSE。
The original release of SuSE Linux was version 4.2 instead of 1.0 in reference to the “Answer to the Ultimate Question of Life, the Universe, and Everything” from The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy.
SuSE Linux的原始版本是4.2版，而不是1.0版， 是指《银河漫游指南 》中的“生命，宇宙和一切终极问题的答案”。
SUSE’s mascot is a Veiled chameleon named “Geeko” from the words “gecko” and “geek.”
SUSE的吉祥物是面纱变色龙，名为“ Geeko”，意为“壁虎”和“ geek”。
SUSE is now owned by Novell and the free Linux distribution is known as openSUSE.
SUSE现在归Novell所有，免费的Linux发行版称为openSUSE。
翻译自: https://www.howtogeek.com/howto/44036/how-your-operating-system-got-its-name/