mac更换apple id_如何使用Apple的内置工具在Mac上扫描和诊断硬件问题
mac更换apple id
Can’t get your Mac to start up? The problem could be software, in which case your best bet may be to reinstall macOS. If that fails, though, the problem could be hardware-related.
无法启动Mac？ 问题可能出在软件上，在这种情况下，最好的选择是重新安装macOS 。 但是，如果失败，则问题可能与硬件有关。
Happily, Apple offers tools outside the operating system that can scan your computer and diagnose hardware problems. If your Mac is acting up, and you can’t find a software solution, these tools make troubleshooting a lot easier.
令人高兴的是，Apple提供了操作系统外部的工具，可以扫描您的计算机并诊断硬件问题。 如果您的Mac正在运行，并且找不到软件解决方案，则这些工具可以使故障排除变得更加容易。
Intel Macs built before June 2013 offer a program called the Apple Hardware Test; Macs built since then offer Apple Diagnostics. The two tools serve basically the same function, testing hardware and reporting back any problems. They’re also triggered by the same keyboard shortcut, so you don’t need to look up when your Mac was made to use one tool or the other.
2013年6月之前制造的Intel Macs提供了一个名为Apple Hardware Test的程序。 从那时起制造的Mac提供了Apple Diagnostics。 这两个工具基本上具有相同的功能，即测试硬件并报告任何问题。 它们也由相同的键盘快捷键触发，因此在Mac上使用一种或多种工具时，您无需查找。
To get started, shut your Mac down. Ideally you should unplug any external hardware, like USB hard drives or ethernet connections. Next, turn your Mac on, holding down the “D” key. Depending on when your Mac was made, one of two things will happen.
首先，请关闭Mac。 理想情况下，您应该拔出所有外部硬件，例如USB硬盘驱动器或以太网连接。 接下来，按住“ D”键打开Mac。 根据Mac的制造时间，将发生以下两种情况之一。
使用Apple硬件测试对2013年6月之前生产的Mac进行故障排除 (Using Apple Hardware Test to Troubleshoot Macs Made Before June 2013)
If your Mac was made before June 2013, you’ll soon see this logo:
如果您的Mac是在2013年6月之前生产的，那么您很快就会看到以下徽标：
This means that Apple Hardware Test is starting. You may be asked to choose a language for the user interface. After that, you’ll see a user interface that resembles old versions of macOS, complete with a “Test” button:
这意味着Apple硬件测试正在启动。 可能会要求您选择用户界面的语言。 之后，您将看到类似于macOS旧版本的用户界面，并带有“测试”按钮：
You can click the “Hardware” tab to find out more about your Mac, including the Serial number. To run your tests, however, you’re going to want to click the “Test” button.
您可以单击“硬件”选项卡以找到有关Mac的更多信息，包括***。 但是，要运行测试，您需要单击“测试”按钮。
Running the tests may take a while, particularly if you’ve got a lot of memory. When the scan is done you’ll see a list of any hardware errors detected, along with some error codes. You can write these codes down and look them up on your phone, or you can boot your Mac into recovery mode and look up the codes there.
运行测试可能需要一段时间，特别是如果您有很多内存。 扫描完成后，您将看到检测到的所有硬件错误的列表以及一些错误代码。 您可以写下这些代码并在手机上查找它们，也可以将Mac引导到恢复模式并在其中查找代码。
使用Apple诊断程序对2013年6月之后生产的Mac进行故障排除 (Using Apple Diagnostics to Troubleshoot Macs Made After June 2013)
If your Mac was made after December 2013, your Mac will load Apple Diagnostics. This tool is functionally similar to Apple Hardware Test, but instead of the retro macOS look, it feels like you never quite left the boot screen. You might be asked to pick a language, or the test might start immediately:
如果您的Mac是在2013年12月之后制成的，则Mac将加载Apple Diagnostics。 该工具在功能上类似于Apple Hardware Test，但看起来像是您从未离开过启动屏幕，而不是复古的macOS外观。 可能会要求您选择一种语言，或者测试可能会立即开始：
The test might take a while, especially if you’ve got a lot of memory installed. When it’s done, you’ll get a list of potential hardware problems. Unlike the Apple Hardware Test, Apple Diagnostics gives you a plain language explanation of your problems.
测试可能需要一段时间，特别是如果您安装了很多内存。 完成后，您将获得潜在的硬件问题列表。 与Apple硬件测试不同，Apple Diagnostics为您提供了简单的语言说明您的问题。
The error codes are still included, so you can look those up on your phone or boot your Mac into recovery mode to find more information.
错误代码仍然包含在内，因此您可以在手机上查找这些错误代码，或者将Mac引导至恢复模式以查找更多信息。
如果两个工具都不启动怎么办？ (What If Neither Tool Launches?)
If neither tool launches, don’t worry: you’ve still got options.
如果没有启动任何工具，请不要担心：您仍然可以选择。
- If you’re Mac is running macOS (then OS X) 10.7 (Lion) or earlier, Apple Hardware Test is not installed on your hard drive. You’ll need Applications Install Disk 2 inserted, or the MacBook Air Software Reinstall Drive if you’re using an older MacBook Air. 如果您的Mac运行的是macOS(然后为OS X)10.7(Lion)或更早的版本，则硬盘驱动器上未安装Apple Hardware Test。 如果您使用的是较旧的MacBook Air，则需要插入“应用程序安装磁盘2”，或者需要MacBook Air软件“重新安装驱动器”。
- If you’re using a more recent version of macOS, and neither tool is booting when you start up your Mac, you can boot both tools from the network. Simple hold Option+R when your computer starts up. You’ll be asked to connect to a wireless network, then the appropriate tool will be downloaded and executed as outlined above. 如果您使用的是macOS的最新版本，并且在启动Mac时都不启动任何工具，则可以从网络启动这两个工具。 计算机启动时，只需按住Option + R。 系统将要求您连接到无线网络，然后将按照上述概述下载并执行相应的工具。
It’s good to have a few backup options, right?
最好有一些备份选项，对吗？
发现错误该怎么办 (What to Do If You Find Errors)
As we said earlier, this tool will let you know about any hardware problems your Mac has, but won’t actually fix them. Exact repair tips are way outside the scope of this article, because there are thousands of things that might be broken.
如前所述，该工具将让您知道Mac遇到的任何硬件问题，但实际上并不能解决它们。 确切的维修技巧不在本文的讨论范围之内，因为可能有成千上万的东西坏了。
If your Mac is still under warranty or AppleCare, you can write the codes down and share them with a technician at the Apple Store. If your Mac is out of warranty, however, you need to look into repair options on your own. I suggest Googling the error codes to see if others have had success fixing things, if you’re the do-it-yourself sort. Otherwise, you can call a local repair shop, or even the Apple Store, and get a quote.
如果您的Mac仍处于保修或AppleCare保修期内，则可以写下代码并将其与Apple Store的技术人员共享。 但是，如果Mac不在保修范围内，则需要自己研究维修选项。 我建议使用Google搜索错误代码，看看其他人是否成功解决了问题(如果您自己动手做的话)。 否则，您可以致电当地的维修店，甚至是Apple Store，并获取报价。
mac更换apple id