perf stat中的公式
我很想知道perf stat
中用来计算原始数据的公式。perf stat中的公式
perf stat -e task-clock,cycles,instructions,cache-references,cache-misses ./myapp
1080267.226401 task-clock (msec) # 19.062 CPUs utilized
1,592,123,216,789 cycles # 1.474 GHz (50.00%)
871,190,006,655 instructions # 0.55 insn per cycle (75.00%)
3,697,548,810 cache-references # 3.423 M/sec (75.00%)
459,457,321 cache-misses # 12.426 % of all cache refs (75.00%)
在这种情况下,您如何计算缓存参考的M /秒?
的公式似乎不是在builtin-stat.c
(其中default event sets for perf stat
are defined)实现,但他们可能计算(and averaged与STDDEV)在perf_stat__print_shadow_stats()
(和一些统计数据被收集到阵列中perf_stat__update_shadow_stats()
):
http://elixir.free-electrons.com/linux/v4.13.4/source/tools/perf/util/stat-shadow.c#L626
当HW_INSTRUCTIONS计数时: “每个时钟的指令”= HW_INSTRUCTIONS/HW_CPU_CYCLES; “每个指令停顿周期”= HW_STALLED_CYCLES_FRONTEND/HW_INSTRUCTIONS
if (perf_evsel__match(evsel, HARDWARE, HW_INSTRUCTIONS)) {
total = avg_stats(&runtime_cycles_stats[ctx][cpu]);
if (total) {
ratio = avg/total;
print_metric(ctxp, NULL, "%7.2f ",
"insn per cycle", ratio);
} else {
print_metric(ctxp, NULL, NULL, "insn per cycle", 0);
}
科未命中从print_branch_misses
作为HW_BRANCH_MISSES/HW_BRANCH_INSTRUCTIONS
有在perf_stat__print_shadow_stats()
几个高速缓存未命中率的计算太像HW_CACHE_MISSES/HW_CACHE_REFERENCES和一些更详细的(perf stat -d
模式)。
停滞百分比are computed作为HW_STALLED_CYCLES_FRONTEND/HW_CPU_CYCLES和HW_STALLED_CYCLES_BACKEND/HW_CPU_CYCLES
GHz的计算为HW_CPU_CYCLES/runtime_nsecs_stats,其中runtime_nsecs_stats
从任何的软件事件task-clock
或cpu-clock
(SW_TASK_CLOCK & SW_CPU_CLOCK,We still know no exact difference between them two 2010年以来LKML和更新2014在SO)
if (perf_evsel__match(counter, SOFTWARE, SW_TASK_CLOCK) ||
perf_evsel__match(counter, SOFTWARE, SW_CPU_CLOCK))
update_stats(&runtime_nsecs_stats[cpu], count[0]);
还有several formulas for transactions(perf stat -T
模式)。
"CPU utilized" is fromtask-clock
或cpu-clock
/walltime_nsecs_stats,其中walltime通过使用时钟从壁the perf stat itself (in userspace计算(天文时间):
static inline unsigned long long rdclock(void)
{
struct timespec ts;
clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &ts);
return ts.tv_sec * 1000000000ULL + ts.tv_nsec;
}
...
static int __run_perf_stat(int argc, const char **argv)
{
...
/*
* Enable counters and exec the command:
*/
t0 = rdclock();
clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &ref_time);
if (forks) {
....
}
t1 = rdclock();
update_stats(&walltime_nsecs_stats, t1 - t0);
还有some estimations从顶向下的方法(Tuning Applications Using a Top-down Microarchitecture Analysis Method,Software Optimizations Become Simple with Top-Down Analysis .. Name Skylake, IDF2015, #22 Gregg's Methodology List。由Andi Kleen在2016年描述https://lwn.net/Articles/688335/“将自上而下的指标添加到perf stat”(perf stat --topdown -I 1000 cmd
模式)。
A最后,如果当前打印事件没有确切的公式,则存在通用的“%c/sec”(K/sec或M/sec)度量标准:http://elixir.free-electrons.com/linux/v4.13.4/source/tools/perf/util/stat-shadow.c#L845除以运行时间nsec(任务时钟或cpu时钟事件,如果它们出现在perf stat
事件集中)
} else if (runtime_nsecs_stats[cpu].n != 0) {
char unit = 'M';
char unit_buf[10];
total = avg_stats(&runtime_nsecs_stats[cpu]);
if (total)
ratio = 1000.0 * avg/total;
if (ratio < 0.001) {
ratio *= 1000;
unit = 'K';
}
snprintf(unit_buf, sizeof(unit_buf), "%c/sec", unit);
print_metric(ctxp, NULL, "%8.3f", unit_buf, ratio);
}
不知道我是否正确地得到了问题。这只是'cache-references' /'任务时钟',不是吗? – Zulan
@卓兰杜!当然,这是......我想这会更复杂 – Manolete
不用担心;-)。复杂的部分是'(75%)'表示的反复用,但隐藏在幕后。 – Zulan