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EIGRP协议及实验举例

分类: 文章 • 2024-10-15 07:52:10

EIGRP：增强内部网关路由协议 — cisco私有的协议
无类别距离矢量协议，协议号88；组播更新：224.0.0.10
增量更新—仅触发、无周期更新-----可靠性、更新量小
支持非等开销负载均衡；
EIGRP的数据包
1：hello包 用于邻居的发现、建立、保活
2：update包 包含路由条目–目标网络号+度量值
3：查询包
4：应答包
5：ACK包
EIGRP的四大组件
hello机制–用于认识所有邻居
PDM–支持多种网络层协议
RTP–可靠传输协议
DUAL–扩散更新
EIGRP的工作过程
启动配置后，运行EIGRP协议的路由器，通过组播224.0.0.10向所有的邻居发送hello包；收到邻居的hello包后及表示认识了邻居，生成邻居表；邻居关系建立后，邻居间使用更新包进行路由信息的共享；收集到所有的路由条目后，本地生成–拓扑表；—装载所有的最佳和备份路径；本地默认将拓扑表中的最佳路径全部加载到路由表内；—收敛完成
EIGRP实验EIGRP协议及实验举例

实验要求：
1：全网可达
2：保证更新安全
3：R3和R4分别有两个环回接口
4：R1的环回不能被宣告
5：实现非等开销负载均衡
6：减少路由条目

实验配置
R1

Router(config)#interface f0/0
Router(config-if)#ip address 123.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#no shutdown 
Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#interface loopback 0
Router(config-if)#ip address 172.16.1.1 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#exit 
Router(config)#router eigrp 10
Router(config-router)#no auto-summary 
Router(config-router)#network 123.1.1.0
Router(config-router)#variance 2
Router(config-router)#exit

R1的路由表

Router#show ip route 
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
       i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
       * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
       P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

     12.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
D       12.1.1.0 [90/20514560] via 123.1.1.2, 00:00:05, FastEthernet0/0
                 [90/20514560] via 123.1.1.3, 00:00:05, FastEthernet0/0
     23.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
D       23.1.1.0 [90/20514560] via 123.1.1.3, 00:00:05, FastEthernet0/0
                 [90/20514560] via 123.1.1.4, 00:00:05, FastEthernet0/0
     123.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C       123.1.1.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
     172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C       172.16.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback0
D    172.17.0.0/16 [90/156160] via 123.1.1.3, 00:00:05, FastEthernet0/0
D    172.18.0.0/16 [90/156160] via 123.1.1.4, 00:00:05, FastEthernet0/0

R2

Router(config)#interface f0/0
Router(config-if)#ip address 123.1.1.2 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#no shutdown 
Router(config-if)#exit 
Router(config)#interface s1/0
Router(config-if)#ip address 12.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#no shutdown 
Router(config-if)#exit 
Router(config)#router eigrp 10
Router(config-router)#no auto-summary 
Router(config-router)#network 123.1.1.0
Router(config-router)#network 12.1.1.0
Router(config-router)#exit 
Router(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 123.1.1.1
Router(config)#router eigrp 10
Router(config-router)#variance 2
Router(config-router)#exit 
Router(config)#key chain a
Router(config-keychain)#key 1
Router(config-keychain-key)#key-string cisco
Router(config-keychain-key)#exit 
Router(config-keychain)#exit 
Router(config)#interface s1/0
Router(config-if)#ip authentication key-chain eigrp 10 a
Router(config-if)#ip authentication mode eigrp 10 md5 
Router(config-if)#exit

R2的路由表

Router#show ip route 
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
       i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
       * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
       P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is 123.1.1.1 to network 0.0.0.0

     12.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C       12.1.1.0 is directly connected, Serial1/0
     23.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
D       23.1.1.0 [90/20514560] via 123.1.1.3, 00:44:18, FastEthernet0/0
                 [90/21024000] via 12.1.1.2, 00:44:17, Serial1/0
                 [90/20514560] via 123.1.1.4, 00:44:07, FastEthernet0/0
     123.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C       123.1.1.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
D    172.17.0.0/16 [90/156160] via 123.1.1.3, 00:44:18, FastEthernet0/0
D    172.18.0.0/16 [90/156160] via 123.1.1.4, 00:44:07, FastEthernet0/0
S*   0.0.0.0/0 [1/0] via 123.1.1.1

R3

Router(config)#interface f0/0
Router(config-if)#ip address 123.1.1.3 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#no shutdown 
Router(config-if)#exit 
Router(config)#interface s1/0
Router(config-if)#ip address 12.1.1.2 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#no shutdown 
Router(config-if)#exit 
Router(config)#interface s1/1
Router(config-if)#ip address 23.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#no shutdown 
Router(config-if)#exit 
Router(config)#interface loopback 0
Router(config-if)#ip address 172.17.1.1 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#exit 
Router(config)#interface loopback 1
Router(config-if)#ip address 172.17.2.1 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#exit 
Router(config)#router eigrp 10
Router(config-router)#no auto-summary 
Router(config-router)#network 123.1.1.0
Router(config-router)#network 12.1.1.0
Router(config-router)#network 23.1.1.0
Router(config-router)#network 172.17.0.0
Router(config-router)#exit 
Router(config)#interface f0/0
Router(config-if)#ip summary-address eigrp 10 172.17.0.0 255.255.0.0
Router(config-if)#exit 
Router(config)#interface s1/0
Router(config-if)#ip summary-address eigrp 10 172.17.0.0 255.255.0.0
Router(config-if)#exit 
Router(config)#interface s1/1
Router(config-if)#ip summary-address eigrp 10 172.17.0.0 255.255.0.0
Router(config-if)#exit 
Router(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 123.1.1.1
Router(config)#router eigrp 10
Router(config-router)#variance 2
Router(config-router)#exit 
Router(config)#key chain b
Router(config-keychain)#key 1
Router(config-keychain-key)#key-string cisco
Router(config-keychain-key)#exit 
Router(config-keychain)#exit
Router(config)#interface s1/0
Router(config-if)#ip authentication key-chain eigrp 10 b
Router(config-if)#ip authentication mode eigrp 10 md5
Router(config-if)#exit

R3的路由表

Router#show ip route 
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
       i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
       * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
       P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is 123.1.1.1 to network 0.0.0.0

     12.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C       12.1.1.0 is directly connected, Serial1/0
     23.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C       23.1.1.0 is directly connected, Serial1/1
     123.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C       123.1.1.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
     172.17.0.0/16 is variably subnetted, 3 subnets, 2 masks
D       172.17.0.0/16 is a summary, 01:01:30, Null0
C       172.17.1.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback0
C       172.17.2.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback1
D    172.18.0.0/16 [90/156160] via 123.1.1.4, 00:55:51, FastEthernet0/0
S*   0.0.0.0/0 [1/0] via 123.1.1.1

R4

Router(config)#interface f0/0
Router(config-if)#ip address 123.1.1.4 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#no shutdown 
Router(config-if)#exit 
Router(config)#interface s1/0
Router(config-if)#ip address 23.1.1.2 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#no shutdown 
Router(config-if)#exit 
Router(config)#interface loopback 0
Router(config-if)#ip address 172.18.1.1 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#exit 
Router(config)#interface loopback 1
Router(config-if)#ip address 172.18.2.1 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#no shutdown 
Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#router eigrp 10
Router(config-router)#no auto-summary 
Router(config-router)#network 123.1.1.0
Router(config-router)#network 23.1.1.0
Router(config-router)#network 172.18.0.0
Router(config-router)#exit 
Router(config)#interface f0/0
Router(config-if)#ip summary-address eigrp 10 172.18.0.0 255.255.0.0
Router(config-if)#exit 
Router(config)#interface s1/0
Router(config-if)#ip summary-address eigrp 10 172.18.0.0 255.255.0.0
Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 123.1.1.1
Router(config)#router eigrp 10
Router(config-router)#variance 2
Router(config-router)#exit

R4的路由表

Router#show ip route 
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
       i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
       * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
       P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is 123.1.1.1 to network 0.0.0.0

     12.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
D       12.1.1.0 [90/20514560] via 123.1.1.2, 01:03:56, FastEthernet0/0
                 [90/20514560] via 123.1.1.3, 01:03:56, FastEthernet0/0
                 [90/21024000] via 23.1.1.1, 01:03:54, Serial1/0
     23.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C       23.1.1.0 is directly connected, Serial1/0
     123.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C       123.1.1.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
D    172.17.0.0/16 [90/156160] via 123.1.1.3, 01:03:56, FastEthernet0/0
     172.18.0.0/16 is variably subnetted, 3 subnets, 2 masks
D       172.18.0.0/16 is a summary, 01:08:20, Null0
C       172.18.1.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback0
C       172.18.2.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback1
S*   0.0.0.0/0 [1/0] via 123.1.1.1

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