英语笔记46-50讲
第46讲
定语从句（关系代词）
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定语从句：在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词，叫先行词。其后的从句就是定语从句，有关系词（关系代词或者关系副词）引出。
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关系代词，在从句中做一定的成分，代替先行词，起到连接先行词和从句的作用，常用关系代词：
that,who,which,whom，whose -
The girl whom/that l spoke to is my cousin.
a,先行词是人的话用that,who,whom,whose来引导定语从句，
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“whom” 在从句中作宾语
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"who"和"that"在从句中既可作主语又可作宾语。
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They are the people that/who were seen yesterday.
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They are the people whom/that/who l saw yesterday.
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They are the people whose wallets were lost yesterday
b,先行词是动物/事物的话，用which，that，whose来引导定语从句 -
which，that在从句中可做主语和宾语，作宾语时可省略
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He came back for the book which/that he had forgotten.
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He came back for the book which/that was on the desk.
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This is the chair whose legs were broken.
第47讲
定语从句的关系副词
when，where，why
why：用于修饰表示原因的名词
（eg. the reason)
We don’t know the reason why he didn’t show up
when:修饰表示时间的名词
（eg. next week)
We’ll put off the picnic until next week,when the weather may be better
where:修饰表示地点的名词
（eg.the place)
We don.t know the place where he lives,
第48讲
宾语从句连词
宾语从句：在句子中起宾语作用的从句
从属连词：that，if，whether。
连接代词：who，whom，whose，what，
连接副词：when，where，why，how
从属连词：that，if，whether
- He said that he was there yesterday
- He doesn’t know if/whether he was there.
连接代词：who，whom，whose，what
- Do you know who has won the game?
- Do you know whom he lokes?
- Do you know whose book it is?
- Do you know what he is looking at?
连接副词:when,where,why,how.
- He wants to know when the party is.
- He wants to know where the party is.
- He wants to know why they have a party.
- He wants to know how they come.
第49讲
比较级和最高级(1)
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通常在形容词和副词后面加 “er” “est”
hard-harder-the hardest -
词尾是不发音的单音节e时，加"r" “st”
nice-nicer-the nicest -
词尾时辅音+y的双音节时，去掉"y"加 “ier” “iest”
dry-drier-the direst -
以一个辅音结尾的重读闭音节时，双写最后一个字母，加"er" “est”.
hot-hotter-the hottest -
多音节和双音节，在形容词和副词前加
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程度加强：“more” “the most”
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程度减弱: “less” “the least”
interesting - more/less interesting
- the most/the least interesting -
不规则变化:good-better-the best
many-more-the most
第50讲